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1722 DOVER DATES 1922 

A Bicentennial History of Dover, New Jersey 

Published in Connection with 

DOVER'S TWO HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
CELEBRATION 

Under the Direction of 

THE DOVER FIRE DEPARTMENT 
AUGUST 9, 10, 11, 1922 



CHARLES D. PLATT. Author and Publisher 
DOVER, NEW JERSEY 



■VrVs 



Copyright 

CHARLES D. PLATT 

1922 



Printed by 
THE JERSEYMAN, INC 
Morristown, New Jersey 



'ClAeU2S50 



UEC26 22 



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PREFACE 

In 1914 my "Dover History" was published, containing personal 
reminiscences of Dover people, with other historical matter relating to 
the period 1722 to 1869. In the summer of 1921 I began to compile a 
chronological review of facts contained in the Dover History, collated 
with other facts from various sources, endeavoring to suggest the rela- 
tion of Dover to the State of New Jersey, to the United States, as his- 
torically developed, and to European history, thinking that such an 
arrangement would be useful for the interpretation of our local history 
in view of our approaching bicentennial year. 

In October, 1921, although no formal committee had been appointed 
as yet to consider the advisability of any public recognition of that anni- 
versar}', I conferred with our local editors. Harry R. Gill of The 
Advance, and William G. Hummel of The Index and they heartily sup- 
ported me in bringing before the public a series of articles entitled 
"Dover Dates," published in the latter part of 192 1 and the early part 
of 1922. 

It was our intention to publish this historical information later in 
pamphlet form, and I am greatly indebted to my two friends, the editors, 
for their co-operation in preparing to carry out this plan. Among other 
readers of the newspaper articles, the Firemen of Dover became inter- 
ested and determined to have a bicentennial celebration. With their cus- 
tomary enthusiasm and energy they organized committees and made 
arrangements to do honor to their Home Town, inviting me to join them 
as an honorary mem1:)er of their committee. 

In time, it was thought best, with the co-operation of the Firemen, 
to print "Dover Dates" as a bicentennial book. The Jerseyman of 
Morristown made an offer acceptable to all concerned, to j)rint this 
book and promote its sale. This offer was accepted by the Firemen's 
Committee. Our thanks are due to The Jerseyman for the generous 
and able way in which they have helped us carry out the plan and publish 
this book. 

I am indebted to Frederic A. Canfield, deeply versed in local lore, 
for his kindness in making a few corrections and adding some items of 
interest relating to the early chronology of Dover. 

In undertaking this work of local historian I have been led further 
than I anticipated. Not myself a native of Dover, I have gained much 
of my knowledge from others who have resided here longer than I. 
In this connection my thanks are due to the many persons who have, 
first and last, contributed articles based upon their special knowledge, 
making this book a symi>osium illustrating many phases of our modern 
community and its environs. 

"Dover Dates" is a supplement of "Dover History" and contains 
much new and up-to-date material relating to the period i860 to 1922, 
especially 1922. The municii)al departments of the present day are 
represented, also the military organizations of recent years, and the 
larger industrial concerns of Dover and vicinity. 

CHARLES D. PLATT, Editor. 



DEDICATION 
How dedicate these Dover Dates? 

Who has this labor o' love inspired? 
Who but our Dover? Tete-a-tetes 

With her have slumbering genius fired. 

The kindly old folks who recall 

The scenes of youth, the happy days 
That here they spent ; who tell me all 

That charmed them once, the old-time ways. 

The business man of many cares, 

Whose bosom swells with local pride 
As he surveys his shops, his wares. 

And waits the turn of Fortune's tide. 

The younger folks — the girls and boys, 

Now in succession apostolic ; 
Grasping life's sweet but fleeting joys, 

They conjugate the verb ''to frolic." 

The sober housewife, who presides 

O'er hearth and home with patience rare 
To raise her hopefuls; who provides 

For endless wants with constant care. 

The teachers, who inform the mind 

And guide young hearts through realms of knowledge; 
Who train crude youth to arts refined. 

Prepare for life — perchance for college. 

The City Fathers — may this lore 

Of Dover Dates and Dover's story 
Endear the Dover loved of yore 

And clear her path to future glory ! 



CONTENTS 

PART I. 
EARLY CHRONOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY AND DOVER 

Preliminary Dates. 

The Dutch Rule, 1609-1665. 55 years. 

The English Proprietary Rule, 1664- 1702. 38 years. 

East and West New Jersey. 

William Penn and the Quakers. 

The English Colonial Governors, 1702-1776. 74 years. 

The Capitals of East New Jersey, i66^-,iyy6. ill years. 

PART II. 
LOCATION. ENVIRONMENT 

Two Old Roads, Townships. ,^ 

Ferromont. 1713 — ., ?] " 

The Quakers of Randolph. 

Poem: Richard Brotherton. 
The Friends' Meeting House. 
The Old Presbyterian Church at Rockaway. 
The Old Methodist Church at Millbrook. Alonzo B. Searing. 

Poem: Old Millbrook. Theodore F. Mott. 

On Poetry. 

The Iron Era: Poetic. Crane Hill 
A Dover to Mine Hill Ramble. 

Poem : The Life at Mine Hill. 
From My Porch. Poem. 1919. 

Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the P. O. S. & L. C, iQfir. Poem. 
Scenes from Hurdtown. Lefevre, Artist. 
Dover and the Greater New York. 
Dover and Pennsylvania. 

PART III. 

MUNICIPAL AND CIVIC. 

The Mayors of Dover, 1869-1922. 

The Manual of Dover, 1922. 

The Police Force. 

The Police Court. 

Justice of the Peace, Constables. 

The District Court. 

The Dover Fire Department. 



6 

The Dover Water Department. George F. Steffany. 

Poem : Hygeia. 
The Dover Board of Health. 

The Dover General Hospital. N. Eleanor Hulsart. 

The Woman's Auxiliary of the Hospital. Mrs. Fletcher Fritts. 
American Red Cross : West Morris Chapter. History Committee. 

Poem : Woman's Work in the Red Cross. Minerva Freeman. 
The First Decade of the Woman's Club. Minerva Freeman. 

Poem : The Rhyme of the Woman's Club. Minerva Freeman. 
^"^^ Pa^k- P. C. Buck. 

Dover Post Office Facts. Charlotte S. Hurd. 

The Dover Free Public Library. Martha A. Burnett. 

Poem : What Dover Wants for Christmas. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

From Supt. Thurber's Report of Morris County Schools, 1876. 
Reminiscences of Dover Schools, 1876-1881. Edward M. Young. 
Thirty Years' Grow^th and Progress of the Dover Schools, 1890- 
^922 J. Howard Hulsart, County Superintendent. 

The Dover Schools in 1922. 

Rosv/ell S. Bowlby, Supt. of Dover Schools, 1920— 
Presidents of the Board ofEducation, 1910-1922. 

Song: Dover High. 
Prize Essay : What the Flag Means to Me. 

Ruth Meyer, class of 1922. 
PART IV. 
OTHER INSTITUTIONS. 
The National Union Bank, 1872. j. b. Tonkino-. 

The Dover Trust Company, 1902. E. W. Rosevea?" 

Waste Not, Want Not: poem. 
The Newspapers of Dover 
Dover Real Estate. 

THE CHURCHES. 

Sunday School, 1816. 

The First Presbyterian Church, 1835. 

'Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, 1838. 

'The First Methodist Episcopal Church, 1838. 

St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, 1845. 

The Free Methodist Church, 1871. 

St. John's Episcopal Church, 1849. 

The Chrystal Street Chapel, 1879. 

The Swedish Trinity Lutheran Church, 1889. 



The Swedish Baptist Church, 1889. 

The First Baptist Church, 1893. 

The Swedish Bethlehem Church, 1894. 

The Salvation Army, 1900. 

The Church of the Sacred Heart, 1903. 

The First Church of Christ Scientist, 1908. 

The Jewish Orthodox Cong^regation. 

Mt. Zion Baptist Church. 

The Gaines A. M. E. Mission. 

International Bible Students. 

The Christian Alliance. 

Mine Hill. 

The Mine Hill Presbyterian Church, 1874. 

CEMETERIES. 
The Old Morris Street Burying Ground. 
The Dover Cemetery Association, Orchard Street, 1854. 
The Locust Hill Cemetery Association, 1867. 

The Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Association, Rand- 
olph (1748) 1898. 
The Mt. Sinai Cemetery Association, 1899, 

PART V. 
Hymn for Independence Day. 
The Grand x\rmy of the Republic. 
The Spanish-American War. 
The Boys' Brigade. 
The Dover Home Defense League. 
The Dover Home Guards. 
The Dover Guard. 
Battery D. 
The American Legion in Dover. 

PART VI. 

INDUSTRIALS. CLOTHING 

The Silk Mills of Dover, 1881— 

The Swiss Knitting Mill, 1890. 

The Brotherhood Overall Factory, 1890. 

Paul Guenther, Inc., 1897. 

The .Sussex Overall Factory, 1918. 

Cook's Laundry Inc., 1894. 

The Progress ofAgriculture 

PUBLIC SERVICE 
New Jersey Gas and Electric Company. 
New Jersey Power and Light Company, 1915 
More Poetry : Reminiscences 



Warren Surnburger. 

Miller RofT. 

George R. Flartey. 

C. H. Benedict, Jr. 

Edward W. Larsen. 

Stewart Kahler. 

George R. Flartey. 



Fred W. Batten. 



James O. Cooper. 

B. S. Woodman 
F. J. L. Doyle. 



New York Telephone Company, 11880. 

Highways of Speech: Poem. 
Crystal Ice Company, 1922. 
Ulster Iron Works Inc., (1745) I903- 



Otto A. Marquard. 



8 

EXPLOSIVES. 

The Hercules Powder Company, 1871. S. B. Moore. 

Picatinny Arsenal, 1880. Howard S. Deck. 

The Atlas Powder Company, 1883. 
Naval Ammunition Depot, Lake Denmark, 1891. 

IRON 
Dover Boiler Works, 1874. W. E. Goldsworthy. 

McKiernan-Terry Drill Company, 1895. 
Downs-Slater Iron Foundry Company, 191 1. 

Lackawanna Frog and Switch Shop, 1912 C. B. French. 

Richard Mine. 
Replog-le Inc., 1919. 

North Jersey Steel Company, 1920. H. M. Roche. 

Developing North Jersey Iron Ores. E. C. Kreutzberg. 

PART VII. 
TRANSPORTATION. 
The Morris Canal, 183 1. 

Early Days of theMorris and Essex Railroad, 1848 — 
The Lackawanna Railroad in Dover. Charles E. Milk 

The Central R. R. of New Jersey, 1880. 
The Morris County Traction Company, 1889. 

PART VIII. 
ODDS AND ENDS. 
An Old Account Book of 1821-30. 
A Dover Fourth of July in 1823. 
Three Odes of 1823. 
The Loan Exhibition of 1879. 
The School Pageant of 1920. 

PART IX. 
LOCAL HISTORICAL POEMS. 
John Jackson, 1722 — 
A Song of Iron 
The Mine Hill Blacksmith 
Forge and Song 

When Greatgrandmother was a Girl, 1840 — 
Log Cabins 
Ovens 

Uncle By ram 1 792-1888, 
A Race 

Father Byram's Christmas, 1866. 
Ford's Pond 

William Young, 1802-1875. 
Tave. 1 842- 1 902. 
Rapid Transit 
The Town Clerk, IQ22. 
The Firemen, 1922. 
The Song of Dover. 



IXTRODUCTORY 

Blest is the man who can relate 
The story of his native State. 

In view of our a])proaching bicentennial year, I have tried to 
construct a chronological summary of leading events and picturesque 
incidents in the history of Dover. W'e may as well start with the 
date when Columbus discovered America and a few other dates which 
affected our historic destiny. While some of these dates may seem 
far-fetched they furnish historical perspective and indicate great 
dramatic forces upon which the future of Dover was depending. 
Whether we should be a dependency of Spain, Holland, France. Great 
Britain, or S\veden, whether we should be governed under a feudal 
patroon system, by an absolute monarchy claiming the divine right 
to rule, or conducted to an earthly Utopia by Puritan or Quaker or John 
Locke's Model of Government, or whether the principles of Magna 
Charta should mold a new form of government for the new world, 
remained to be seen. 

Our public library' contains many books which will enable the 
inquiring student to follow up these scanty hints more thoroughly and 
trace the relation of our town history to the development of the state 
and nation and the world at large — a study which is full of interest. 

Preliminary 

1492 — Columbus discovers America, October 12. 

1497 — John and Sebastian Cabot explore the North Atlantic Coast 
and claim Xorth America for Henry VH of England. 

1564 — French at Florida, destroyed by the Spanish in 1565. 

1567 — The French destroy the Spanish settlement in Florida. 

1584-90 — Raleigh's ill-fated colonies in North Carolina. 

1588— The Spanish Armada attacks England and is destroyed. 

FloUand thus becomes independent and becomes a sea power 

with trade and colonies in America. 

England, freed from Spanish interference, can use the southern 

route by the Azores to \'irginia. 

The future of the United .States (to be) and Canada depends 

upon the supremacy of the seas, whether it shall be held by 

Spain, France. Holland, or England. 

1607 — Jamestown, \'irginia, is founded by the London Company. 
Captain John Smith, Pocahontas and John Rolfe. 

1609 — Henry Hudson, in the employ of the Dutch East India Com- 
pany, discovers the Hudson River and views New Jersey, which 
the Dutch claim and rule until 1664. 

1664 — The English assert their claim and rule New Jersey by Pro- 
prietary Government until 1702. 

1702 — New Jersey a Royal Province until 1776. 

1776 — The United States of America assert their independence. 

1926 — One hundredth and fiftieth anniversary of Declaration of Inde- 
pendence. One hundredth anniversary of the incorporation of 
Dover Village. 



10 

THE DUTCH RULE 

1609 — Henr}^ Hudson, in his ship The Half Moon, explores the Hudson 
River, Manhattan Island, and the Jersey shore. Hence the 
Dutch claimed the territory which he explored. As he was an 
Englishman the English claimed it, basing their claim also upon 
the earlier discoveries of the Cabots. 

1613 — The Dutch founded a trading post at Manhattan, called New 
Amsterdam. The surrounding country was called New 
Netherland. 

1 614 — They built a redoubt at Jersey City Point. 

1620 — The Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts. Capt. John 
Smith had previously explored and chartered the coast and 
named the country NEW ENGLAND. The Plymouth Corn- 
pan}' ruled here. 

1638 — to 1640 — English colonies were founded at New Haven and 
vicinity. From these colonies many went across Long Island 
Sound and settled on Long Island, at Huntington and else- 
where. The New England settlements are intimately related to 
the early English settlements in New Jersey. 

1643 — The Dutch have trouble with the Indians of New Jersey and 
massacre some of them. Fear of the Indians keeps the white 
men, for some years, from settling in New Jersey far from 
the coast. 

165 1 — The Dutch begin to take up land in New Jersey under a patroon 
system of large landed proprietors, like the old feudal barons of 
Europe. A large tract is taken up by Cornelius Van Werk- 
hoven, extending from the Raritan to the Passaic and beyond. 
Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, has schemes for founding 
a New Sweden, with settlements on Delaware Bay and in New 
Jersey. 

1655 — The Dutch bring New Sweden under their rule. 

1655 — The Indians retaliate for the massacre of their people in 1643. 
They massacre Dutch colonists at Pavonia, Hoboken, and Staten 
Island. Fear checks further settlement for a time. 

1660 — Bergen was founded, the first permanent settlement in New 
Jersey. The first school in New Jersey was probably estab- 
lished here in 1662, taught by Engelbert Steenhuysen. 

1664 — The Dutch remained in possession of New Netherland (and in 
control of New Jersey) until 1664. They left their mark upon 
the population, the land titles, and names and customs of a great 
part of the low lands of New Jersey and their posterity have 
been honored and influential in the later history of the State, 
penetrating farther into the interior. 

If their rule had continued, our Dover might have had another 
name, such as Stuyvesant, in honor of the redoubtable Peter, 
and Blackwell street might have been Goedenhuyzen avenue, or 
some such name. 

A good story might be written in the manner of Washington 
Irving, on our present possibilities, in such a case. 



II 



THE ENGLISH PROPRIETARY RULE 



1660 — Charles II was restored to the English throne, May 29. He 
wished to bring the whole Atlantic Coast of North America into 
immediate dependence on the English Crown. 
The Royal African Company — slave traders — was chartered, 
with James. Duke of York, brother of king Charles, as its presi- 
dent. 

1664 — He obtained from the king a grant of Maine, the islands of New 
England, Long Island, and the land from the Connecticut River 
to Delaware I'ay, including land previously granted to Connecti- 
cut and including New Netherland. "A very cool proceeding 
and a clear case of usurpation." 

The Duke of York sent Col. Richard Nicolls with four ships-of- 
war and a Commission to act as deputy-governor within this 
tract. Asserting the earlier claim of the English to Manhattan 
and New Netherland. Nicolls called upon the Dutch to surrender 
their possessions and their rule. They did so. Many of the 
settlers were glad to have a change of government, hence made 
no resistance. 

1664 — June 23. The Duke of York conveyed New Jersey to Lord 
Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, the latter from the Isle of 
Jersey north of France, called in Latin "Insula Caesarea," after 
Julius Caesar, the "farthest North'' explorer of his day. Carte- 
ret applied the name "Nova Caesarea" or New Jersey to his new 
possessions. Thus the name of the Roman Caesar has descended 
upon our State. 

1664 — Elizabeth Town was founded by English settlers from Long 
Island and Connecticut. The Dutch had denied them any share 
in the government and had refused their request to settle in 
New Jersey. Four weeks after the surrender of the Dutch these 
English families made their petition to Gov. Nicolls, who 
promptly "consented unto the proposals." The settlers obtained 
liberal "concessions" of local self-government, far in advance of 
the age. 

1665 — Philip Carteret was appointed governor of West New Jersey 
and made the seat of government at Elizabeth Town, which was 
named after the Lady Elizabeth, wife of Sir George Carteret. 

1666 — Newark was founded by English settlers from New Haven and 
vicinity. In 1676 a school was established, taught by Mr. Catlin. 

1667 — Quakers were settled at Shrewsbury. 

1668 — The first Meeting House was built at Newark. 

1668 — The First General Assembly was held at Elizabeth Town. 

1668 — Rev. Jeremiah Peck, first pastor of the Presbyterian Church in 
Elizabeth Town, also taught school. He lived and preached in 
Newark the previous year and may have taught school there. 
One of New Jersey's first "schoolmasters." 

1672 — There was an insurrection of the Puritan settlers against Gov. 
Philip Carteret, feeling that he was encroaching on their rights 
as "free-born Englishmen." The antagonism and conflict 



12 

between the independent yeomanry of England and the exactions 
and assumptions of royalty as represented by Charles II and his 
Cavalier partisans were perpetuated on this side of the Atlantic. 
1673 — The English and Dutch are at war. The Dutch regain New 
Xetherland. When peace is made New Netherland is restored 
to the English. Col. Edmund Andros was appointed governor 
of New York, claiming also jurisdiction over New Jersey. 

EAST AND WEST NEW JERSEY 

167^ — Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley divided New Jersey by 
a line running from Little Egg Harbor to the Delaware Water 
Gap. 

Berkeley sold his part, West New Jersey, to John Fenwicke and 
Edward Byllinge. Quakers, for one thousand pounds, with the 
right of government, March 18. 

Byllinge sold to William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas Lucas, 
Quakers. They sold to others, forming a company of Proprie- 
tors in Common, with concessions from the Crown. The 
Quakers were at this time tr>'ing to escape from unhappy condi- 
tions in Great Britain. The New World offered the inducements 
of freedom and prosperity. They settled chiefly in West New 
Jersey, along the Delaware, and at Shrewsbury, and along the 
Rahway River. Shrewsbury became the seat of a Quaker gov- 
ernment and many Quakers of the better class took up their 
residence there. They had iron works there. 

1674 — June 29, the Duke of York received a new patent for the whole 
territory restored by treaty with the Dutch, February 9. 
July 29, the Duke of York reconveys East New Jersey to Sir- 
George Carteret, who now becomes sole proprietor, having 
sole power, under the king, to settle and dispose of the country. 
This arrangement appeared to revoke some concessions of 1665. 

1674 — In November, Gov. Philip Carteret returned, after two years 
absence, to his home in Elizabeth Town, with a new commission 
as Governor of New Jersey. The liberal concessions of 1665, 
which had attracted the best class of settlers from New England 
and Long Island, were remodeled, depriving the people of all 
original jurisdiction, and giving the governor control of the 
Legislature. 

1676 — July first a quintipartite deed was executed between Sir George 
Carteret, William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas Lucas, and 
Edward Byllinge, by which East New Jersey was confirmed to 
Sir George Carteret, and the partition line between East New 
Jersey and West New Jersey was described. See Smith's His- 
tory of New Jersey. 

1676 — The Assembly met twice: At Elizabeth in April ; at Woodbridge 
in October. 

1677 — to 1^)79, the Assembly met annually in October in Elizabeth. 

There was a conflict of authority between two masters, Gov. 
Andros of New York, and Gov. Carteret of New Jersey. 



13 

[6/8 — August. Andros returned from a trip to England, with full 
mstructions from the Duke of York to claim jurisdiction over 
all New Jersey. 

One piatter in dispute was the collection of customs duties from 
ships. Andros demands that all ships shall clear in Xew York 
and pay duties thf^re, before landing in New Jersey. 

1679 — Gov. Carteret declares that all vessels that will trade to East 
New Jersey shall be free. The Assembly declares that ships may 
clear directly, by way of Sandy Hook, at His Majesty's Custom 
House, which is at the Governor's House in Elizabeth Town. 
The dispute became serious. Finally Andros sent men who haled 
Gov. Carteret from his bed at night and took him, unclad, in a 
canoe, to New York, having treated him with personal violence 
to the detriment of his health. 

Carteret was tried in New York for exercising jurisdiction. 
Jury's verdict, "Not guilty." 

The Deputies of New Jersey answered the demands of x^ndros 
bv claiming their rights as free-born Englishmen tmder Magna 
Charta, as against any King's Letters Patents granted to the 
Duke of York. An appeal was made to the Home Government 
in England. 

(:0v. Carteret, on b.is return to Elizabeth, stretched his authority 
to the utmost. The Deputies re-asserted their original rights 
under the concessions of 1665. Carteret dissolved the Assem- 
bly. These continued disputes caused some to withdraw from 
the settlement. But the colonists were forming more and more 
clearly their convictions as to their rights and the constitutional 
principles of self-rule. 

1680 — Sir George Carteret died. A new administration of East New 
Jersey became necessary. His widow was made executrix of 
his estate, becoming the Lady Proprietrix of the Province. 

1681 — John Ogden of Elizabeth Town died, a man worthy to rank 
with the Pilgrim Fathers, the acknowledged pioneer of the 
town, a pillar of church and State. 

1682 — Lady Carteret and trustees sold East New Jersey to the highest 
bidder, viz., William Penn and eleven others, twelve proprietors, 
mostly Quakers, for three thousand four hundred pounds. 
These twelve proprietors took partners, making twenty-four 
proprietors, called the London Company. Some of them were 
Scotch. 

1682 — ^L'lrch 14. A fresh grant was made by the Duke of York to 
these twenty-four proprietors. "One proprietor was thus ex- 
changed for twenty-four, and the Cavalier for the Quaker rule." 

1682 — Robert Barclay, a Quaker proprietor in favor with William Penn, 
was made Governor of New Jersey for life, with the privilege 
of ruling by deputy. He appointed Tliomas Rudyard, one of 
the proprietors, as his deputy. Rudyard took up his residence in 
Elizabeth Town, November 13, 1682. 



14 

Former Governor Philip Carteret died December, 1682, 
The long contest of the Carteret regime with the people was 
at an end. Rudyard brought with him kind and conciliatory 
letters to the planters, as the colonists were called. "He was a 
man of amiable instincts and courteous demeanor, representing 
not the lordly Cavalier, but a trading association of Quakers, 
plain, unassuming men, who had themselves suffered much 
from the Crown." 
1682 — The four original counties of New Jersey, laid out in 1682, 

were Bergen, Essex, Middlesex and Monmouth. 
1683 — July. And vet something went wrong, for Gov. Barclay ap- 
pointed Gawen Lawrie (Lowrie), one of the proprietors, his 
deputy for East New Jersey in place of Rudyard. 
There was still dispute about land titles. The proprietors 
advised Gov. Lawrie "to use all means of gentleness and tender- 
ness with the people, not standing much upon small matters." 
He did so, 
1683 — Charles H recognized the title of the twenty-four proprietors. 
1684 — The "killing time" in Scotland caused many to fiee to New 

Jersey. 1 

1684 — August I. A Board of Commissioners, known as The Board of 
Proprietors, was established to act with the deputy-governor 
and Assembly in settling disputes and establishing titles to land. 
This board was empowered to establish a new town to be called 
"Perth" in honor of the Earl of Perth, one of the new Quaker 
proprietors. Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. 
This town was known as Perth Amboy and became the seat of 
government of the Province when the General Assembly of the 
people met here in 1686. 
1685 — The Assembly met for the last time at Elizabeth Town, which 
then ceased to be the seat of government. Perth Amboy was 
more removed from the traditions of the Carteret regime and 
nearer to the Quaker population of Shrewsbury and the Rahway 
valley. 
1686 — The Assembly met at Perth Amboy, the new seat of government. 
Records of warrants and surveys from 1673 to 1738 are still 
kept there. The Board of Proprietors still meet there. 
The English Proprietary Rule from 1660 to 1686 was an experi- 
ment in government by a land company formed to "plant" the new 
country over the sea. The problem of giving and taking title to land 
in a newly discovered continent, inhabited by natives of a different 
race and of a different stage of development, was the great problem 
of the time, solved by no scheme of absolute moral justice. 

There was no one then living who could foresee the future or com- 
prehend all that was involved in the transactions of the day, and the 
monarchial feudal system of Europe's past was inadequate to the new 
situation and the ideas and spirit of the new age. Some confusion 
inevitably resulted from the strange circumstances as well as from the 



15 

conflicts of nationalities and the varying standards and moral principles 
of the many individuals concerned. But New Jersey claims that, for 
the ideas prevalent at the time, her title to the new land was acquired 
by just bargain and payment, and not by conquest and robber}'. 

If time and space permitted, much interesting discussion of this 
question of land titles accjuired, under the Crown of England, through 
purchase from the original inhabitants, might be quoted from sources 
such as the opinion of Chief Justice Marshall, or a monograph by Adrian 
Lyon, present registrar of the proprietors, or a series of articles by the 
late Chancellor Magie. 

But through all the bickering and dickering of the times, it is to be 
noted that an honest effort was being made to establish a new social 
system upon a foundation of law rather than by conquest of arms 
and superior force. 

1684 — Gov. Lawrie wrote home glowing accounts of the new country. 
Others were writing enthusiastic letters to the old country alxDUt 
the charms of New Jersey. "It is not strange, Biancroft, 
"that many Scottish Presbyterians of virtue, education, and cour- 
age, blending a love of liberty with religious enthusiasm, came to 
East New Jersey in such numbers as to give to the rising common- 
wealth a character which a century and a half has not effaced." 
Lawrie continue to reside in Elizabethtown. notwithstanding 
instructions from the Proprietors, directing him to make Perth 
Amlx)y his capital. 

After four years of Quaker rule and great expense in bringing 
over colonists the Proprietors were disappointed in results. Law- 
rie, like Rudyard, was thought to be too intent on his personal 
interests in taking up the best lands for himself. Settlers holding 
lands by Indian title had not surrendered title to the new Pro- 
prietors and were slow in paying the land rental demanded. A 
new deputy must be apix)inted, but not a Quaker, this time. The 
Presbyterians are gaining the ascendancy. To please them Lord 
Neill Campbell is appointed in 1686. 
1685 — Here we must turn back the hand of time to note that on the 
death of Charles IT, his brother, the Duke of York, became 
James II of England. 
1687 — Lord Neill Campbell relinquished his post as governor of East 
New Jersey and left Captain Andrew Hamilton in charge of the 
government. 

James the Second, formerly Duke of York, soon took occasion to 
settle old scores with New Jersey. He made a decree. 
1688 — Ap. 7. that the two Jerseys and New York l)e united with New 
England under the rule of Andros * * * the whole to be known 
as "New England." 

The East New Jersey Proprietors were compelled to give up their 
right of jurisdiction. 

Andros appointed Capt. Francis Nicholson Lieutenant Governor 
of New Jersey, and he took up his residence at Elizal>ethtowm, 



i6 

by which it appears that it was still regarded as the capital of the 

Province. October 15, 1688. 

The people seem to have been pleased again at a change in the 

government, having had enough of the Proprietary rule of the 

Quakers. 

1688 — Xew Jersey, as part of New England, is now a Royal Province, 
ruled by a governor appointed by the Crown. 

1689 — Tames II was deposed. William of Orange was made king of 
"England. The reign of William and Mary. 
William Penn had been very friendly with the Duke of York who 
became James II. The Quakers of New Jersey remained loyal to 
James II, hence called "Jacobites." The antagonism of political 
parties in the Old World had its counterpart of the New World. 
The Orange Mountains and the towns called Orange must have 
taken their names from William of Orange. 

1690 — The Quaker Proprietors re-asserted their right to rule, which 
they were compelled to surrender to James II in 1688. 

1690 — Gov. Hamilton left the country, x^lthough retained in office by 
Andros, under James II, on the accession of William of Orange, 
he ceased to be regarded as governor. Pie was really nothing 
more than President of the Board of Proprietors, acting as deputy 
governor. 

1690 — Robert Barclay, for the last eight years of his life nominal gov- 
ernor of East Jersey, died October 3, 1690. 

Hamilton arrived in England and laid before his fellow-proprie- 
tors the state of affairs in New Jersey. 

1692 — Com])lications followed. Finally Hamilton was appointed gov- 
ernor in 1692. and was so received by the people. 

1693 — By an Act of the Assembly the bounds of townships were defined. 
Elizabethtown took in Union county, parts of Somerset. Hun- 
terdon, Morris, Warren and Sussex counties, including Morris- 
town. Stanhope, Schooley's Mountain, and Newton. It almost 
included Dover — but there was no Dover then. 
There were disputes about land titles. Some settlers claimed title 
by purchase from Indians. The Proprietors did not admit such 
titles. The king and his Council reserved the decision of the 
Board of Proprietors in a test case and confirmed the Indian titles 
acquired under Gov. Nicolls. 

The people of the Province then wished to be rid of the Proprie- 
tary rule and come under the direct rule of the king, William of 
Orange. Petitions were sent to the king. 

1698 — Finally Gov. Hamilton was superseded by Jeremiah Basse, in 
April. More complications followed. 

The people of New Jersey formulated their complaints in peti- 
tions to the Crown. 

1702 — Finally, April 17, T702, the twenty-four Proprietors surrendered 
the right of government to Queen Anne, who succeeded to the 
throne of England on the death of William of Orange, 1702. 



17 

She re-united the two provinces of West and East New Jersey 
in one province and made her cousin, Edward Hyde. Lord 
Cornbury, governor of the combined province of New York and 
New Jersey. And so New Jersey remained a Royal Province 
until the Declaration of Independence, 1776. The combined 
colonies were called "New England." 
703 — In May, 1703, on the arrival of the royal commission, the Pro- 
prietary Government of East New Jersey was brought to a per- 
petual end. 

Under the Dutch the English settlers had been denied all share 
in the government. The first concessions of the Duke of York 
granted them freedom of conscience, political freedom, and a 
legislature of which the popular branch was chosen directly by 
the people. To this legislature was committed the making of 
laws and the laying of taxes, thus establishing early in New Jersey 
the principle of no taxation without representation. We have 
seen that in 1674 there was a recall of these rights. 
Much of the discontent and troul)le of these times was caused 
by the quit-rent system of the British Colonies, which became a 
contributory cause of the American Revolution. Piy that revo- 
lution all feudal restraints upon the land were abolished and the 
right of absolute ownership in the soil was established — a signifi- 
cant aspect of our law of real property. (See Bond's Quit-Rent 
System in the American Colonies.) 

From 1702 to 1776 New Jersey w^as ruled by colonial Governors 
appointed by the Crown. In this period Dover began its career. 

THE ENGLISFI COLONIAL GOVERNORS 

702- 1 70S — Lord Cornbury, governor of New England, including New 
York and New Jersey. His rule was not satisfactory to the peo- 
ple and in 1708 he was recalled. The royal governor, and others 
before, showed too great a tendency to exploit the Province for 
their personal benefit rather than to promote the real interests of 
the people. 
John Lovelace, the next governor, died soon. 

710 — Ingoldsby was governor until 17 10. Then came Gov. Hunter. 

714 — Queen Anne died. George I became king. 

720 — Gov. William Burnet was appointed. He removed to Boston. 
1727. 

722 — Dover, under Gov. Burnet and George I, was founded by John 
Jackson, who set up an iron forge here. Jackson's Forge. 

727 — George I died. George II became king. 

727-1731 — John Montgomery was governor. 

731-1736 — William Cosby was governor. At his death John Ander- 
son was governor for two weeks. Then John Hamilton for two 
years. 

738 — Lewis Morris was appointed governor of New Jersey, separate 
from New York. He died 1746. 



i8 

1729 — Morris County was set off from Hunterdon County, and named 

after the new governor. Jackson's Forge, up to this time, had 

1)een in Hunterdon County. 
1746 — John Hamilton. President of His Majestie's Council, became 

governor. He died soon. 

John Reading. President of the Council, acted as governor until 

1746 — Princeton College chartered at Elizabeth. Rev. Jonathan Dickin- 
son of that town was its first president. It was removed to 
Newark and then to Princeton. 

1747 — Jonathan Belcher, former governor of Massachusetts and of New 
Hampshire, was appointed governor. He came from Boston, 
published his commission, August 10, at Perth Amboy. the capi- 
tal, met the Legislature at Burlington, soon became a resident of 
Burlington. He was a New England Puritan and did not like 
the Quaker ways which prevailed at Burlington. He had to 
drive with his coach and four, twenty miles to Philadelphia to 
attend a church of his liking on Sunday. In 1750, Seotember 
26. while attending a commencement of the College of New Jer- 
sey at Newark, he had a stroke of paralysis. Wishing a change 
of air, he removed his residence to Elizabethtown in September, 
1 75 1. His goods (and the smallpox) were brought by sloops 
from Burlington. He occupied a house in Jersey Street, later 
the home of Dr. Charles Davis, grandfather of the author of 
"Dover Dates." 

Elizabethtown thus became again the "seat of government," it 
seems, from 1751 until 1757, when the governor died, overcome 
by his infirmities and the excitement of the French and Indian 
War. He was one of the most notable of the colonial governors 
of New Jersey. 

The government devolved for a time upon Lieutenant-Governor 
Pownall, governor of Massachusetts, who shortly prevailed u}X)n 
John Reading, President of the Council, to act as governor — as 
usual. 

1758 — Francis Bernard became governor. Bernardsville bears his name. 
1760 — Thomas Boone became governor. Boon-ton bears his name. 

Josiah Hardy was the next governor. 
1760 — George II died. George HI became King. 
"^y^Z — William Franklin, son of Benjamin Franklin, became governor. 

He was the last ro\'al governor. The Revolutionary War changed 

everything. Henceforth Jerseymen would have to settle their own 

trou])les in their own way. 
We have now traced the English proprietary government of New 
Jersey to its close in 1703, and given a brief review of the English 
Colonial Governors to 1776. 

We have seen that Dover was founded in 1722 in the reign of 
George the First of England ; that Wm. Burnet was then governor of 
New England, which then included New York and New Jersey; that 



19 

the cai>ital of this greater New England was New York City; and that 

Dover, for the first fourteen years of its existence, was in Hunterdon 

County. Dover was not l)orn with a silver spoon in its mouth. Imt with 

a hammer in its hand. 

1 710 — to 1 719. Colonel Rohcrt Hunter, governor of New York. He 
was a Scotchmati. a friend of Steele, Addison. Swift and the 
literati of that day. He was apix)inted by Addison, who was 
then Under-Secretary of State. He rejoiced in the title of Cap- 
tain General, Governor-in-Chief of the provinces of New York 
and New Jersey and territories thereunto belonging, and Vice- 
Admiral and Chancellor of the same. Of him John Fiske says: 
"He was the ablest and best of the English governors sincQ 
Richard Nicolls." 

1 71 3- 14 — Hunterdon County was set off and named in honor of this 
popular rovernor. who had acquired large lands there. 
In Fiske's "Dutch and Quaker Colonies of America" will be 
found graphic sketches of the colonial governors. 

1719 — Trenton took its name from William Trent, who built mills on the 
Delaware. 

1720 — to 1728 — Gov. William Burnet, a god-son of William of Orange, 
who stood sponsor for him and gave him his name. He was 
said to be "a man of gay and condescending disposition, the 
delight of men of sense and learning, and the admired friend of 
the ladies." Dover began its career under his political star. 

1728 — The Lenni Lenape Indians moved west, but several thousand 
of them remained in Pennsylvania until a few years later. 

SUNDAY SCHOOL 

1747 — As early as 1747 a Sunday School was established at Ephrata, 
Pa., by Ludwig Hacker, a German Seventh-day Baptist. This 
was 35 years before the one instituted in England by Robert 
Raikes. 

1786 — A Sunday School was established in Virginia. 

1809 — Rev. Mr. Steele, Presbyterian, opened a Sunday School in Pitts- 
burgh, Pa., in the Court House. 

1812 — A Sunday School was opened in Hackettstown, in the Presby- 
terian Church. 

181 5 — A Sunday School was established by Rev. Burr Baldwin in the 

Old Academy, Newark. 
1816 — Rev. Barnabas King, of Rockaway, organized a Sunday School 

in Dover. 

Springfield. Madison and Woodbridge followed. 

See Mellick's Story of an Old Farm. 

THE INDIANS 

The Lenni Lenape Indians, totemic tribes of the Turtle, the Turkey, 
and the Wolf, occupied parts of New Jersey. They were eventually 
subjugated by the Iroquis Indians of New York State and degraded from 



20 

being independent warriors to the status of "women." In 1755, during 
the French and Indian War, Sir Wm. Johnson restored them to their 
fighting status as "men" again. 

The Indians in their day, enjoyed our picturesque streams and 
glens and wooded hills. Doubtless Indian Falls was a favorite haunt of 
theirs and they must have known and used the pleasant water of the 
spring in Hurd Park. Lake Hopatcong was a resort to which they 
flocked with delight. They marked out the early trails through forest 
and over hill and dale, of which the Minisink path was the most notable. 
It led from the sea at Shrewsbury Inlet and crossed the Raritan river 
two or three miles above its mouth, passing through the eastern and 
northern part of New Jersey to Minisink Island in the Delaware river. 
No doubt it had something to do with establishing the early communica- 
tion between Shrewsbury and Dover to which the Quaker element in 
our history bears witness. Many Indian arrow heads have been found 
in our fields. The Indians knew the black stone or heavy stone, as 
they called the ore of Succasunna. 

(From "Historic Trenton" by Louise Hewitt. 1916. The Smith 
Press, Trenton, N. J.) 
1680 — Mahlon Stacy arrived. 

1685 — Trenton called Ye Falles of Ye De La Ware, 
1 714 — Wm. Trent bought property. 
1 719 — Court held at Trenton. 

1724 — Wm. Trent came to Ye Falles of Ye De La Ware. 
1724 — Trenton became seat of Supreme Court. 
1726 — First Presbyterian Church built. 
1734 — Postal service established. 

1738 — First Stage Wagon — two trips a week to New Brunswick 
1739 — Friends Mortgage House built. 
1740 — Royal Charter from George 11. 
1^750 — First steel mill in United States erected and owned bv Benj. 

Yard. 

(Compare with Gov. Belcher's Report to Parliament.) 
1750 — The Trenton Library established. 

(Above data relating to our State Capital are inserted for 

comparison with Dover Dates.) 

EARLY RETURNS 

1698 — In 1698 Jeremiah Basse was made governor of New Jersey, under 
William and Mary. IMany deeds are recorded as of "Basse's 
Book of Surveys." 

1713 — .Vmong such deeds is one made out, May I9tb. 1713. to Joseph 
Latham, for 527 acres in v/hat is now Mine Hill, and recorded 
in Basse's Book of Surveys, page 80, the survey being made by 
John Reading, General Surveyor, by virtue of an order from 
Daniel Leeds, one of the surveyors general of the western divi- 
sion of the province of New Jersey surveys. 

1710-1715 — The Proprietors of West New Jersey, owners in common, 



21 

allotted themselves as individual holder.' large tracts of land 
called "returns," which were surveyed, located, and recorded on 
the books. 

Wm. Penn and Joseph Kirkhride took up returns as far as Dover 
and Rockaway. Titles were derived from locations on the East 
New Jersey right after the dividing line was settled in 1676. The 
Latham deed appears to be classed under the "Western division 
of the province." Locations or returns were mostly on streams 
and meadow land, as at Mill Brook. Dover and Rockaway. 
As late as 1693 much of our present Morris County (then part 
of Hunterdon County) was included in the bounds of Elizabeth- 
town. These bounds were more definitely fixed by the Assembly 
in 1693, having been first described in 1664. 

1713 — William Schooley, of Schooley's Mountain, bought about 600 

acres near Dover, including Mill Brook, v/hich was named, no 

doubt, from the grist mill set up on the stream — the first one in 

these parts. A flourishing settlement sprang up at Mill Brook, 

with various industrial activities, before Dover had become more 

than a hamlet. At Mill Brook were to be found, in due time, 

besides the grist mill, a fulling mill, a rope walk, a hat factory, an 

oil mill, a Quaker shoemaker, a blacksmith, a sawmill. prol)ably, 

a forge, and (if we include the neighborhood known as 

"Randolph") a school, a church, farming, a store, a butcher. 

A cooperage was also established at Mill Brook, carried on 

by David Tuttle and commemorated by Theodore F. Mott 

in a poem entitled "The Deserted Cottage." But this brings 

us to the nineteenth century. It was to the blacksmith in 

Mill Brook that Gen. Winds traded in his "Soard" for two- 

and-six-pence in 1782. 

John Reading took up the Dickerson Mine tract on West Jersey 
right. 

171 5 — Wm. Penn took up a return, including the Munson farm, later 
the residence of Leonard Elliott, just inside of Dover limits. 

1 716 — John Reading sold the Dickerson Mine tract to Joseph Kirkhride. 
Before that everybody came and helped themselves to the ore. 
shovelinir it from the open cut. The streams, the waterfalls, the 
easily available ore. the woodland furnishing coal (charcoal), 
made this an attractive investment. 

And now these extended "preliminaries" are bringing us to the 
birth of Dover. 

THE FOUNDING OF DOVER 
1722 — May 31, nine years after Joseph T^tham acfjuired title to his tract 
of 527 acres in Mine Hill, he sold it to John Jackson, "son of 
James Jackson of Flushing in Queens county on Nashaw Island, 
yeoman." The original deed was in the possession of Mr. James 
H. Neighbour in 1914 and is shown in full of the text in Dover 
History, pages 453-4. With the property therein described was 
conveyed in some way or title was assumed to a forge site on 



22 

Jackson's Brook where Singleton's silk mill stands to-day, alx)ve 
Hurd Park. Here Jackson set up the second iron forge in the 
county in 1722, building himself a log cabin and becoming the 
first known settler, The Founder of Dover. From this date we 
count two hundred years to 1922. 

The extensive woodland on his 527 acres doubtless was pur- 
chased to keep him in wood from which charcoal could be made 
for use in his forge fire. His house was probably near his 
forge — possibly near that good spring of water in Hurd Park, 
there being no city reservoir at that date, you understand. This 
country was then a wilderness. Remember that Blackwell street 
was not then in existence. Bridle paths were the routes of travel. 
In picturing the landscape leave out the Morris canal and the 
Pine Terrace Inn. Let our local artist paint the scene with two 
log cabins near the spring and the great forge-hammer wheel in 
the background. 

From that day Dover has "forged ahead." "Forge ahead !" might 

well be her slogan. 
Much of the preceding history is summarized from Hatfield's His- 
tory of Elizabeth and other sources. The history of the tide-water 
settlements, such as Elizabeth, Newark and Perth Amboy leads up to 
the history of Dover and gives us Dover's historical perspective. At 
first settlements were made at tide-water for ease of access by ships, that 
persons and supplies might reach these towns when waterways were the 
only ways of travel, and for security from the Indians, provoked by the 
Dutch. Later relations with the Indians were more peaceful, and lands 
were obtained from them by purchase, under the Nicoll's patent. The 
first purchasers of large tracts would sell to others. This caused trouble 
with the Quaker Proprietors who gave independent title, as proprietors, 
to lands previously acquired through Indian purchase, and tried to col- 
lect rents from settlers who acquired lands under the first proprietors, 
as referred to elsewhere. 

The family names that are found in the early history of Elizabeth 
and Newark and the Quaker settlements of the Perth Amboy region are 
found later at frequent intervals among the inland towns, reaching 
Dover in due time. Plence Dover history may be regarded as beginning 
in these tide-water settlements and in these preliminary facts and dates 
that have been given. 

The following names occur in the early history of Elizabeth. How 
many of them do you recognize as appearing later in the history of 
Dover and vicinity? They came chiefly from Long Island and Con- 
necticut. The same names may be found in Connecticut to this day, 
for some members of the family remained there. 

N.'\MES:— Andrews, Bailey, Baker, Beach, Benedict, Blackwell, 
Burnet, Bryant, Brant, Berry, Bonnell, Blanchard, Gark, Cramer, Crane, 
Curtis, Dickinson, Egbert, Freeman, Harris, Headley, Johnson, Jones, 
Kerr, I^imbert, Lyon, Marsh, Meeker, Megie, Mellin, More, Ogden, 
Osborne, Parker, Pierson, Price, Runyon, Searing, Shotwell, Thomp- 



23 

son, Tucker. Tuttle. White, Whitehead. Watson. Wines or Winds, 
Wood. Woodruff, Young, Carter, Gray, Skillman, Morse, Haynes, Peck, 
Spinning. Ross. Lawrence, Morris, Wilson, Barber and others. 

Among the founders of Newark we find such names as : Bruen, 
Camfield, Kitchell, Baldwin. Day, Albers, Tomkins, Crane, Lyon, 
Browne, Freeman, Treat, Pennington, Davis, Riggs, Curtis, Burwell, 
Denison, Wheeler, Bond. Ward. Blachley. Plum, Lawrence. Harrison, 
Pierson, Johnson. Catlin. Rose, Swaine, I3all, Morris, Tichenor. 



THE CAPITALS OF EAST NEW JERSEY FROM 1665 TO 1790 

The following memorandum was made out from scattered refer- 
ences in Hatfield's History of Elizalseth. No complete statement like 
this is found in any of the books on New Jersey. 



Elizabeth Town 
Perth Amboy 
Elizabeth Town 



New York 



Perth Amboy 
Elizabeth Town 



Trenton 



1665— 1686 
i6cS6 — 1702 
1688 



Gov. Philip Carteret resided there. 



Perth Amboy 1738 — 1747 

EHzabeth Town 1751 — 1757 



Elizabeth Town 1783 — 1790 



Lieut. -Gov. Nicholson was appointed 
by Gov. Andros of New York to rule 
East Jersey, He resided in Elizabeth. 

1703 — 1738 When New Jersey was part of New 
England. East and West Jersey 
united. 
1722 — Dover founded. 

Gov. Belcher, coming from Boston, 
stopped here to present his commission. 

Gov. Belcher resided there, in house 
on Jersey street, now owned by War- 
ren R. Dix, Esq. 

After the death of Gov. Belcher. 

The home of the War Governor, Wm. 
Livingston; but he did not dare live 
there, for fear of attack by British. 
Had to wander, like David, in hiding. 

Gov. Livingston returned to his home, 
Liberty Hall, in 1783. 
He died July 25, 1790. 

November 25, made capital by Act of 
Legislature. 



1758— 1776 
1776— 1783 



1790 



Gov. Lewis Morris had his home near Trenton. After the Revo- 
lution New Jersey tried to have the Capital of the United States located 
at Trenton. To please the Southern States it was located nearer them. 

Burlington was the Capital of West New Jersey, 1677. After the 
establishment of Perth AmIxDy as the Capital of East New Jersey it 
was arranged that Legislature should meet in alternate years at Perth 
Amboy and Burlington. 



24 



I 



Mellick's "Story of an Old Farm" tells much about the guberna- 
torial tradition and splendor of Perth Amboy. 

Shrewsbury was, in early times, a sort of Quaker capital and resi- 
dential center of the wealthy and influential members of the Quaker sect.. 
1722 — Ore from the Dickerson Mine was brought down to the forge irL 
saddle bags. The blooms were bent into the shape of a letter U 
to fit over the back of a horse or mule and were so transported' 
to Elizabethtown port, to be shipped by water. 
1730 — Iron works were established at Rockaway. 

1740 — General European War. England against Spain and France.. 
America becomes a sea power, aiding England. 

1 741 — A petition was presented to Governor Morris, asking that the 
duties imposed on iron by the British government be removed. 
This is a hint of the financial difficulties that gathered like a cloud 
over the head of our pioneer iron master, John Jackson, now about 
forty years old. 

1744 — Henry Brotherton, the grandfather of Richard, bought 125 acres 
of the Kirkbride estate, and in 1753 his brother, James Brother- 
ton, bought 200 or 300 acres on Mine Hill, of the same estate. 
Henry Brotherton was born in 1724. 

1745 — May 30. Joseph Shotwell bought from the Proprietors, 91 acres 
of land (beginning at a house with lower part of brick, on West 
Blackwell street, beyond the viaduct), taking in the main 
business part of present-day Dover. 
The Shotwells are an extensive Quaker family. 
Soon iron works, together with a forge, were in operation on the 
Rockaway river. About this period of time we meet with refer- 
ences to the "Quaker Iron Works." 

1748 — There was a Quaker meeting conducted at Lamson's farm, south 
of Dover, before the present Quaker Church building was put up. 
On the map of 1832 Morris street is indicated as "The Road to- 
Lamson's Farm." 

1748 — 1750 — There was a great advance in the iron trade. 

1749 — Middle Forge was set up at Picatinny by Jonathan Osborn, 

1750 — An Act of the English Parhament forbade the colonists to set up 
rolling mills or to manufacture iron into articles of use. They 
must ship it to England in the bloom. The English manufac- 
turers would produce the articles of commerce made from iron 
and then send these back to the colonists to be sold for a price 
that would cover all expense of such double and distant trans- 
portation. To this the colonists objected. Whatever manufac- 
turing they did had to l)e done in secret and the iron business 
received a great setback, if not a complete quietus. 
Gov. Belcher reported to England that there was only one iron 
mill in New Jersey (one at Trenton), and that diligent search 
revealed no others. 



25 

1734 — to 1750 was the period of "The Great Awakening" — George 
Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards were friends of Gov. Belcher 
and were entertained at his house in EHzabeth. 
John Jackson was compelled to sell out at sheriff's sale in 1753, 
and his farm and woodland, the 527 acres, was IxDUght by Harts- 
horne Fitz Randolph, a well-to-do Quaker of Monmouth county, 
for about five hundred pounds. It seems to have been a case of 
getting back an equivalent for moneys advanced as loans or other- 
wise, as was the case later, when Blackwell and McFarlan took 
over the property of Canfield & Losey. 

THE NAME 

John Jackson is said to have gone to West Virginia, where the 
town of Jackson was named for him, an honor which did not 
fall to the lot of Dover. Dover is thought to have gained its 
name from Moses Hurd, the first associate of Jackson in Dover, 
who is said to have come from Dover, New Hampshire. But 
there seems to be some uncertainty about it. The town once had 
the name of "Old Tye," which remains unaccounted for. 

1753 — When Jackson left Dover ( 1753 ?) we do not know that this place 
was known by that name. Nor do we know the exact date of 
the name Old Tye and its continuance in use. But the name 
"Dover" is found in an old account book, in a reference to "the 
Dover Store," January 13, 179<S. See Dover History, page 477. 
The name "Old Tye," as applied to Dover, has puzzled antiquar- 
ians. Its origin is a subject of conjecture. Let us again consult 
the oracle of Morris county history. Rev. Joseph Tuttle. 

1776 — In 1776, Gen. Winds (then Lieut-Colonel) and many men from 
this part of New Jersey were at Ticonderoga, New York. Among 
them was one Joseph Tuttle, who kept a diary, in which he con- 
stantly refers to Ticonderoga as "Tie." October 11. 1776, he 
writes. "Col. Winds made a])plication to go home, but no suc- 
cess by reason of the senior ofticers devilish lies told to the Gen'l ; 
the old Col. is shamefully abused and belied." Nov. 5th and 6th 
he notes that Col. Winds got an order to "be off" and left Ticon- 
deroga with 105 men of our Battalion, some say with scandal. 
but Col. Winds says with honor, (^n the basis of such memo- 
randa we may venture a guess. Some old soldier, returning 
from this expedition, may have referred to his experiences so 
frequently or in such a way as to gain the nickname "Old Tye," 
and if he lived here, as Gen. Winds did, the name may have 
passed over to this locality. Perha]\s both names. Old Tve and 

Dover, were synchronous for a while, and Dover "won out" 

after 1790. 



26 

.Mr. Canfield has shown me a map pubHshed in 1777, from sur- 
veys made in 1769. On this map we find "BEMEN'S" where 
Dover should be. "Beman's" is referred to in a letter of 1790 
written by Jacob Losey. 

1756 — 63 — French and Indian War. 

1756 — The sheriff's sale and the advent of Hartshorne Fitz Randolph 

mark the end of the first period of Dover's history. Close upon 
this followed the advent of another notable man, General Winds 
(or Wines), who came to East Dover from Southold, Long 
Island, in 1756. He bought a farm of 275 acres from Thomas 
and Richard Penn. situated where the Delaware, Lackawanna 
and Western carshops used to be. He was a dominant char- 
acter in the county, as has been so well shown by Rev. Joseph 
F. Tuttle, D.D., in a biographical sketch of this "hero of Morris 
county." 

1757 — Following General Winds came his brother-in-law, Josiah Bea- 
man, who purchased, in 1757, the forge and dwelling of John 
Jackson, situated in Dover. We conclude that by this time Jack- 
son had left or did leave Dover. Beaman also bought from 
Shotwell 107 acres in Dover, mostly north of the river. We find 
in Dover History, page 475, that Josiah Beaman acquired the 
"plantation" known as the Baker Homestead at Mt. Pleasant 
at some time subsequent to 1774 and sold it to Jeremiah Baker 
in 1792, when he sold his iron works in Dover to Canfield & 
Losey. 

1758 — The "Old Quaker Church" bearing this date is a well-known 
landmark. It stands facing "The Great Road," as mentioned in 
the deed of land, and occupies a commanding site with a magni- 
ficent view. The Quakers could not foresee the coming of the 
canal and the railroad, but they located along the great thorough- 
fare of their day, and chose the finest upland of this region for 
their farms and their rural community of Randolph. 
Continuing the memoranda of these early settlers which have 
been so carefully gathered by Dr. Tuttle and published in his 
"Centennial Collections of Morris County," we observe that the 
Quaker community on the hills south of Dover kept growing, 
Henry and Richard Brotherton, two brothers, and Richard Dell, 
married daughters of William Schooley, of Schooley's Mountain. 
Dell removed from Schooley's Mountain in 1759, to a tract of 
land which he purchased from the heirs of Wm. Penn. His 
son, Thomas Dell, bought land of the Kirkbride heirs in 1786. 
Daniel Carrell settled at Center Grove in 1739, on lot No. 7, 
Kirkbride Division. 

1761 — There is a note to the effect that one Joseph Prudden sold land 
in Dover to Josiah Beaman in 1761. 



27 

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 

754-63 — Turning hack our historical searchhght, we must note that the 
French and Indian War was going on from 1754 to 1763. Men 
from this vicinity enhsted and went north to aid in the conquest 
of Canada. Gen. Winds was one who was called upon to serve 
in the field. To quote from Ashley's United States History. 
"The French and Indian War decided the fate of the French 
empire on the continent of North America." John Fiske helieved 
that "the triumph of Wolfe marks the greatest turning point as 
yet discernihle in modern history." Gen. Winds had a hand in 
deciding this turning point, and other men from Dover were with 
him. This is not the only "turning point" in world history in 
which the men of Dover have had a hand. 

763 — The Peace of Paris gave England control of North America 
east of the Mississippi, except Florida. 

765 — Following the French and Indian War the British Parliament, 
under George HI, passed the Stamp Act to recover the costs of 
the war, in part at least, from the colonies. Stamps were required 
on law i:)apers, etc. The colonists resented this Act. Law papers 
must be made out on stamped paper sold for the purpose. The 
Sons of Liberty adopted the motto. "Liberty, Property, and no 
Stamps." Patrick Henry stirred the people by his resolutions. 
There was great excitement. 

765 — Gen. Winds, then Justice of the Peace, refused to use the 
stamped paper in making out his legal documents and maintained 
his independence by using birch bark. 

This local incident of Dover was a prelude to the Boston Tea 
Party of 1773, and points to the next great event in Dover history 
as associated with the destiny of the nation, for the Colonies 
became the United States of America as a result of the Declara- 
tion of Independence in 1776. 

768 — John Jackson's brother. Joseph, is said to have bought part of 
John's forge in 1768, selling it, next year, to his son Stephen 
Jackson of "Mendom," who afterwards became owner of the 
fine mill property at Rockaway, with large tracts of valuable 
lands. He once had the honor of entertaining Gen. Washington 
at his house. He was a man of great energy and died in 1812. 
Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle thinks that Rockaway may have been 
settled in 1725 — 30 by the building of a small forge. 

772 — The American colonies have great sea power. Help make Eng- 
land an empire. 

Richard Faesch bought up the Richard mine (named after him) 
which was afterwards operated by the Dover Company of Can- 
field & Losey, and by Pdackwell & McFarlan. and sold by the 
latter to the Thomas Iron Company in 1856. Mines and forges 
are the backbone of Dover history. Further details can be found 
in IVIunsell's History of Morris County and in the State Geo- 



28 

1776 — 1783, and New Jersey was no longer under a royal governor. 
The Revolutionary War occupied the attention of Dover folks 
from 1776 to 1783 and Morris County was particularly con- 
cerned in the struggle because of the Winter Camps of Washing- 
ton and the American army at Morristown, and because of the 
demand for iron products in carrying on the battle for freedom, 
Dr. Tuttle has been the intimate historian of the experiences of 
Morris County people during the Revolution. The "Ballads oi 
New Jersey in the Revolution." based chiefly upon his local 
sketches, further illustrates the times. 

1779 — Jonathan Dickerson, in partnership with Minard Le Fevre, begar 
to buy out the Kirkbride interest in the Succasimna mine. 

1790 — The following postoffices were established in New Jersey: Eliza- 
beth, Newark, Princeton, Trenton, East Bridgeton (Rahway). 

1 791 — Only six post offices in New Jersey. 

1792 — The rage for building canals and turnpikes broke out. Reachec 
Dover later. 

1793 — These postoffices were added: Amboy, Bridgeton, Morristown 
Rockaway (which then served for Dover), Woodbury, Woods 
town. 

1792 — Canfield & Losey lx)ught from Josiah Beaman the iron works ii 
Dover, situated on the Rockaway river. They built the dam. ; 
rolling mill, a slitting mill, a nail factory and also a dwelling 
house for Mr. Losey, who lived in Dover and conducted tin 
business. In his house was a store and the first known post office 
of which he was the postmaster, as testified by Mrs. Livermore 
Jacob Losey was her great uncle. This is the first mention of ; 
"Dover store." Israel Canfield acquired title to extensive min 
ing tracts outside of Dover in northern New Jersey. Mr. Losey' 
garden was notable. He was the first to cultivate the tomato ii 
Dover. His hospitality famous. 

1794 — 99 — I" a" o'd account book of Baker & Ludlow, at Mt. Pleasani 
are found the names of 173 persons living in Dover and vicinit) 
trading at the store or named as members of the family of per 
sons having accounts there. Business had to be conducted i: 
English money, pounds, shillings and pence, even at that date 
The English colonial government had discouraged the circulatio 
of money and the habit of trading by baner had long been estal: 
lished in the colonies. Also credit would be given l)y transfer 
on the accounts of persons trading at the one store, in a manne 
to supply, in a way, the use of l)ank checks. The entries in th 
old books throw much light upon the habits and doings an 
method of living of that day, as well as providing the nearest sul: 
stitute for a census of the population with lists of family name: 
It is said that Dover was at this time (end of the eighteenth cer 
tury) full of infidelity and wickedness. (Munsell). Followei 
of Tom Paine disseminated his sentiments. Standards were lov 
This was not limited to Dover, for at that time, after the Revolt 



29 

tioiiary War, French infidelity was rife in our States. The "Age 
of Reason" affected this country as well as Europe. Dr. Dwight, 
president of Yale College at that time, preached a series of ser- 
mons on the evidences and claims of Christianity and did much 
to stem the tide. 

THE NIXETEEXTH CENTURY 

By this time we see that Dover is an industrial town, and that 
ts prosi>erity is largely dei)endent on the mines by which it is sur- 
ounded and the manufacture of the iron which they supply. In look- 
ag to the future, in i)lanning to establish or to carry on a community, 
>resent-day methods of efficiency would demand a study of those ele- 
nents which belond to any well-developed community, and would 
loubtless recognize as such elements — 

1. Industry, or the means of making a living. 

This involves the rendering of some service to the world of 
which we are a part. 

2. Communication with the outside world, by letter, by travel. 
Hence roads. 

3. Transportation: The means of carrying our products to dis- 
tant places and of bringing back the products that we need. 
Hence, more and better roads, canals, railroads — anything 
that will carry — even airplanes. 

4. A medium of exchange. Barter, or exchange of products, is 
the foundation of trade ; but a monetary and banking system 
may facilitate business. 

5. Family life, involving marriage and the home. 

The industrial foundation of life is only a foundation on 
which to rear the edifice, humanity. 

6. Education, or the training of the young, demands a place in 
the complete community. 

Hence schools, teachers, books, a public library. 

7. Furthermore, Religion is a part of life. Hence churches. 

8. Entertainment and social life refuse to be overlooked. Hence, 
places of recreation, outdoors and indoors. 

9. Government and all departments of public welfare must be 
provided for. Hence, municipal organization, public officers. 

10. Protection of life and property call for a police force and a 
fire department, to fight crime and fire. 

11. Various public works are devised — water, gas, electricity. 
Some of these affairs are conducted as private enterprises, 
but they all enter into the history of a town. 

12. A Court and a legal profession will administer the law. 

13. Physicians will watch over life and health. 

14. Many kinds of private business, and of arts, trades, and 
sciences will find a place. 

15. In carrying on all these activities personal character is devel- 
oped ; men and women make their mark on the common life of 
their fellow citizens. Biograjihy becomes a great part of his- 
tory. 



30 

When looking forward we may build ideals for each of these inter- 
ests. In looking back through Dover history we may search for the 
answer that Dover has given to all these demands of human life. When 
we discover that answer we have the history of Dover. 

To make that history complete is more than we can attempt in the 
time and space available, but some contriljution to such a history may be 
outlined. History is not a mere mathematical statement of facts and 
dates. Behind the dates lie countless episodes of comedy and tragedy, 
and a ceaseless struggle between the forces of good and evil. There is 
a constant wrestling to achieve destiny, a story of varying success and 
failure. The dates are merely the frame of the map, marked off to 
show latitude and longitude. 

COMMERCE 

We have traced the vicissitudes of the iron business of Dover from 
1750 to 1792, showing how John Jackson was sold out in 1753. antl how 
others took up the work. We have also alluded to family history, to 
world events, and the Revolutionary War as it v/as related to Dover and 
this locality. The prosperity of Dover does not depend upon its own 
industry alone. We cannot consume all our own iron. Our industries 
must find outside markets. And such markets are afTected by tariff 
laws, embargoes, wars, peaceful industries of other places, finance, 
thrift and enterprise the world over. 

The water in the guage of a steam boiler pulsates with an up and 
down movement (when the guage is in working order), that reveals the 
level of the unseen water in the boiler ; and Dover, with its industries in 
iron, becomes a guage of world conditions, indicated by its smoke 
stacks. 

For example, in 1783, after peace was declared v/ith England, 
British ships thronged our harbors, bringing British goods. United 
States commerce suffered. In 1793, the United States, as a neutral 
nation liad a great opportunity for trade at sea when England was at war 
with the French Republic. No doubt Canfield and Losey. of Dover, 
profited by this. From 1789 to 1807 there was an unparalleled growth 
of American shipping and trade. Dover iron, doubtless, had a share in 
this prosperity. In 1803, the United States was the great carrier of 
the world's goods by sea. In 1805 Jefferson's Embargo stopped the 
commercial prosperity of the United States. In 1810, when the embargo 
was lifted, the foreign commerce of the United States became very great, 
during the Napoleonic war. In the War of 1812-14, the blockade of 
the United States coast caused great distress. 

An extended essay might be written on this theme — The Prosperity 
of Dover as affected by world conditions during the past two centuries. 
See Kraft & Moriss's "Sea Power in American History." 



31 

TURNPIKES 

1804 — The Union Turn])ike was made from Morristown to Sj^arta. 

1806 — The Washinc^ton Turnpike from Morristown to Pliilhpsl)ur^. 

181 1 — The Newark and Morris Turnpike from South Orange to Mor- 
ristown. These turnpikes had a great influence in developing the 
resources of the country. 

1 812 — A branch of Union Turnpike from Dover to Ledgewood. 

CIRCUIT-PREACHERS 

1 801 — Methodist preachers tried to make an appointment to preach in 
Dover, but were driven out by threats of a riot. 
Early in this century circuit preaching was in vogue among 
Quakers, Presbyterians and Methodists. People were engaged in 
the struggle for a livelihood. Preachers had scattered parishes. 
Meetings were held in barns and schoolhouses for want of a 
regular church building, and at infrequent intervals. Phebe 
Baker, at the age of ninety-nine, testified that the }>eople attended 
church in the old stone barn on the Chester road, and came gladly 
to hear Mr. Sherman when the children brought word from 
school that there would be preaching next Sunday. 

1807 — Rev. Barnabas King was settled at Rockaway Presbyterian 
Church, having for his parish Dover, Berkshire Valley, and 
Sparta. Previous to this the church at Rockaway, although organ- 
ized and partly finished, had services from time to time. People 
from Dover would ride or walk to Rockaway to attend church or 
religious meetings, the children walking barefoot to save their 
shoes. Barnabas King was pastor for more than fifty years. Then 
came Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, D.D., author of the Centennial Col- 
lections of Morris County. 

1810 — Dover had ten to fifteen dwellings. 

1812 — The War of 1812 grew out of embargoes on sea traffic. In 
Dover By ram Pruden was probably the last veteran of that war. 

1 816 — Rev. Barnabas King organized a Sunday school in Dover. Prayer 
meetings were also held here. Although I have never seen a 
prayer meeting mentioned in a school history, I take the liberty 
of recording the fact that prayer meetings have long been held in 
Dover, but they are not so largely attended as some other meet- 
ings. 

1816 — December. Petition of Iron Masters of Morris County sent to 
Congress. 

181 7 — Blackwell & McFarlan of New York City took over the prop- 
erty of Canfield & Losey in Dover, to settle accounts due. It 
is said that there were scarcely twelve dwellings in Dover at that 
time. The iron business had been depressed after the War of 
1812. 

1820 — There was a post ofifice in McFarlan's office. Jacob Losey was 
postmaster. 
Fourth census of the United States. 



32 

In the nineteenth century historical events of vast proportions crowd 
the stage of our national history, events intimately related to the develop- 
ment of Dover and f ollovv^ing each other in rapid succession so that one is 
tempted to expand these brief "Dover Dates" into a bulky volume. But 
this cannot be. And it is needless. The work has already been done. Our 
method stands revealed. Once get thoroughly interested in the history 
of your home town, in its vital features, its larger interests, and the his- 
tory of the State and the Nation — even of the world — takes on new 
meaning. Looking out through the windows of these local facts and 
dates, one feels more keenly the succession of remoter events through 
their parallelism with our own story. 

They say that hard times in Europe are driving some people to 
study more earnestly than they ever did in their school days to find 
out what has happened lately, why it happened, what it means, what is 
going to happen next and what they are going to do about it. In such 
a "preparedness" effort we cannot afford to be behindhand. A good 
drive in United States history, with all its world-wide bearings, makes 
a good setting-up exercise for us all. We need to find out what the 
United States stands for, in world history, what the nations think we 
stand for. what we ought to stand for. Our book mart is flooded with 
books of real value and of fascinating interest on these themes. Ask 
our free public library. And our new county library, when it comes. 

Our educational institutions, in school and college, are presenting 
such subjects with renewed emphasis and enthusiasm to those who are 
still within scholastic halls. We need a generation trained and informed 
as never before in statesmanship, for home and foreign service. The 
liberty known within our borders for nearly a century and a half may 
indeed have done something to "enlighten the world," and we may yet — 
to speak modestly — trim the lights so as to cast a brighter ray across 
the waves. 

1823 — A Fourth of July celel)ration was held on IVIorris street, a sort of 
basket picnic in the woods, with speeches appropriate to the day, 
and three odes expressive of the patriotic sentiment of that time 
were sung. This we learn from an old program of the occasion. 
1824 — The Morris Canal and Banking Company incorporated, Decem- 
ber 31, 1824. 

1825 — The Morris Canal was being dug through Dover, as noted in an 
old letter. Completed to Newark in 1831. Fully completed 1836. 
(Leased to Lehigh Valley R. R. 1871.) 

Blackwell & McFarlan had a map made of Dover, showing all 
shops and buildings belonging to the Dover Iron Works, and the 
streets of Dover, as laid out by them in order to effect the sale 
of building lots. The map was made by Van Winkle. See 
Dover History, page 459. A real estate boom ! 

1826 — Blackwell & McFarlan had the village of Dover incorporated. 

1827 — Town lots in Dover are sold. See McFarlan's Descriptions, page 
460, Dover History, and advertisement, page 467, calling atten- 
tion to the advantages of Dover from its location on the canal. 



33 

the turnpikes that pass through it, the Lehij,'h coal brought by 
the canal, communication with the New York market, and that 
"near lOO Forge fires is in operation within a few miles of the 
village." 
828 — \Vm. Ford's advertisement of this date shows his Blacksmithing 
Business is in operation. He had a shop at Ford's Pond, and his 
residence was near it, as usual in early times. 
Zenas Pruden, the wheelwright, had his shop on the corner of 
Dickerson and Morris streets, adjoining his residence. 
Other items of the time can be gleaned from old advertisements 
and scattered remarks of those who contributed to the Dover 
History. A chapter might be written on the early stores of 
Dover and vicinity, such as the Hoagland store at the site of the 
Central Railroad Station, the Moses Hurd store on Morris street, 
the Old Stone Store next to the National Union Bank, Felix 
Hinchman's General Store, where Turner's is to-day, the Losey 
Store and others. Consult the index of Dover History and the 
list of additional references given with Dover Dates. The history 
of commerce in Dover would require a volume. 

From "The Jerseyman" of August 20th, 1828: 

MEETING OF THE WATERS 

A number of the inhabitants of Dover and its vicinity friendly to 
le IMorris Canal assembled on the i8th inst., at 4 o'clock P. M., to 
'•itness the meeting of waters of Lake Hopatcong with those of the 
^ockaway River. As soon as they were seen to mingle the following 
)asts were drank, each being succeeded by the firing of cannon and 
earty cheers : 

1st (toast). The memory of Jonathan Dickerson — who forty years 
^0 predicted that within one century there would l)e a canal formed 
rom the Delaware to the Passaic, supplied with water from Lake 
lopatcong. 

Note: — The other toasts were not copied. — F. A. C. 

829 — Complaints about the educational shortcomings of the time led to 
an Act of Legislature to establish schools and introduce much- 
needed reforms. Too many of the haphazard teachers of the 
country schools were addicted to intoxicating beverages, with sad 
results in the schoolroom. A drunken teacher has been known 
to "wale" a boy until the iron ferrule of his cane was embedded 
in the flesh of the boy's back, as I have heard from one who saw 
it. (The first law providing for public schools was in 1693.) 

829 — The Stone Academy on Dickerson street, opposite the old frame 
building also known as "The Academy," was erected by Henry 
McFarlan, Sr., for use as a school and partly for religious meet- 
ings. The McFarlans took an active interest in the welfare of 
the community. Under their regime we find constant traces of a 
head and heart planning for the good of the people in their home 
life as well as for the community as a whole. They were pioneers 



34 



in "community planning." For instance, not liking the shabby 
appearance of the houses, Mr. McFarlan laid in a supply of paint 
which he distributed to the inhabitants for the purpose of using 
it on their houses, thus improving the appearance of the village. 
Maple trees vi^ere set out along the street — the first trace of a 
"Shade Tree Commission" — except that Jacob Losey set out a 
row of willows where East Blackwell street is now. The last 
one has just been cut down, near The Advance office. 

1830 — The death of Henry McFarlan, St., occurred suddenly. He was 
succeeded by his son Henry, who conducted the business until 
1869, assisted by Mr. Guy M. Hinchman as superintendent. Mr. 
McFarlan and Mr. Hinchman, on opposite sides of the main vil- 
lage street, carried on a friendly rivalry in cultivating beautiful 
gardens. An interest vinas taken in actually beautifying this town 
of smoky iron mills and developing the spirit of love for the 
"home town." The older inhabitants bear witness to this in their 
reminiscences. 

1831 — The Morris Canal was completed to Newark. The first canal 
boat. The Dover of Dover, made its maiden trip under the com- 
mand of Captain Byram Pruden. The people gathered at the 
Canal Basin and gave them a great "send-oflF." The Freight 
House on the Basin became a busy center of new prosperity for 
the town — it is now a neglected ruin. The railroad has changed 
all that. 

1832 — Mr. Thomas B. Segur came to Dover to be cashier of the Dover 
Bank, which was established by Phelps, Dodge & Co., of New 
York. He resided in the building since known as the Stone Hotel, 
and the bank was in the same building. Barter was now assisted 
by banking, another step in the progress of the village. Thomas 
B. Segur left three sons: Elisha B., Anson, and Warren. The 
latter was cashier of the Union Bank of Dover, which stood where 
the Trust Company now is. 

1834 — Dover has a bank, two academies, a Sunday school, thirty dwell- 
ings, iron works, blacksmithing establishment, canal, the ^lansion 
House Hotel, new streets ; things are picking up, building lots 
on the main streets are being taken up (see Dover History, pages 
460-462), and the place begins to look more attractive. Business 
and population begin to come to Dover instead of going to Ran- 
dolph, Mill Brook, Mt. Pleasant, Mine Hill — owing to the canal, 
and the McFarlans, and some other "town-builders." Next we 
need a church of our own. What is a town without a church? 
Why, they started a church the first thing in Newark ! Before 
they started the town! 

1835 — April 23. The First Presbyterian Church of Dover was organ- 
ized, under the Presbytery of Newark, with a membership of 
seven men and thirteen women. Services were held in the Stone 
Academy until 1842. 

1836 — Dover population about 300. Sunday school has 150 scholars 



35 

and 28 teachers. 

1837 — Business depression affected the country. 

1838 — The First Methodist Episcopal Church was organized and a build- 
ing dedicated in December. The Methodist Church at Mill Brook- 
was erected at the same time. 

1839 — Rev. Burtis C. Megie became the stated supply of the Presby- 
terian Church at a salary of $500, with donation visits. 

1839 — We hear of a Dover Lyceum or literary society, at which poems 
were read — a new dejiarture for the iron town. 
A poem by Dr. Jacob Lundy Brotherton, a Quaker, of Randolph, 
celebrates the beauties and advantages of Dover. 
Dover in 1839 had less than 400 population. The houses were 
on the low land. The hills were covered with forests. A stage 
coach arrived from Newark three times a week. There was a 
stage to Morristown. No busses or street cars were known then 
in New York City, the city limit of which was at Tenth street. 
The First Presbyterian Church of Dover had 37 members. 
The Sons of Temperance (S. of T.) was founded by Mr. Segur. 
A lil)rar\-for them constitutes Dover's first public library. Dover 
becomes the banner temperance town of New Jersey, and this 
was one of the considerations that influenced \Vm. Young ( 1847) 
to leave Brooklyn with his family and set up his bake shop on 
Dickerson street, corner of Sussex. It is worth while to have a 
reputation as a banner temperance town if it induces a man like 
Wm. Young to become a meml^er of the community. He became 
a school trustee and a "leading citizen." 

DOVER'S INVENTIVE GENIUS 

[840 — Joshua H. Butterworth made patent locks in 1846. He was a 
Scotchman and was headman for McFarlan. He invented rivet 
machines. He owned the corner since known as the Baker 
corner, at Blackwell and Warren streets, southeast. Here he 
had his dwelling. About where Hummer's real estate office 
now (1922) is, he had a little shop where he made clocks, 
repaired watches and tinkered in his spare time and when the 
iron works were inactive. His lot, bought in 1840, comprised 
11,000 square feet. 

Mr. Butterworth invented a shuttle for a sewing machine and 
is said to have been the father of modern bank combination 
locks. Mr. Canfield has two specimens of such locks made by 
Butterworth, requiring five or six keys to operate them. 

:842 — Presbyterian Church dedicated its first Iniilding. 

[844 — There was great social unrest. The present State Constitution 
was adopted, and needed reforms were made in regard to impris- 
onment for debt and bankruptcy and the legal status of married 
women. 



36 

1840-48 — Market day was an institution at Dover, wagons coming in 
from the country with produce, and people gathering around them 
to buy from the producer direct. — D. H., p. 384. 
1846-47 — The Mexican War. Oregon acquired in 1846. Cahfornia 
ceded to the United States at the close of the Mexican War. 
These acquisitions of territory, together with the acquisition of 
Florida and Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana territory, called 
for a great migration to take up the new land — one reason why 
more people did not come to Dover. 
In "The Daily Advertiser" of Newark, 26 February, 1848, is a 
letter describing the first temperance meeting held in Dover in 1833, 
February 12, at which Rev. Dr. Tuttle gave an address. About that 
time one store sold $2,000 worth of ardent spirits in one year. 

"The Jerseyman" of March 2nd, 1848, quotes from "The Newark 
Daily Advertiser" thus : 

Dover, in 1833 had 133 families, 753 inhabitants. 
1839 " 128 " 961 
1845 " 210 " 1,201 " 

(These figures differ from statements given in Dover History, 
pages 417, 450, 478.)* 

Monday, July 31, 1848, the Morris & Essex Railroad was formally 
opened to Dover. 

* In 1840 the school trustees of Dover reported 136 children 
between the ages of five and sixteen. In 1853 there were 275 enrolled. 

1848 — The Morris & Essex Railroad comes to Dover. The first train 
offers a free ride to Morristown. A big time and a public dinner. 
More facilities for transportation and business. Here is where 
Dover forges ahead of Mill Brook. 

1849 — Gold discovered in California. John W. Hurd and Sandy Young 
go to California. (Hurd, the donor of Hurd Park, later.) 

1849 — St. John's Episcopal Church is established under the charge of 
Rev. Charles W. Rankin, of Morristown. Henry McFarlan was 
appointed lay reader. He donated the property on which the 
church stands, and was a liberal supporter of it. Their first 
meetings were held in the upper room of the Stone Academy. 

1850 — Dover claims 700 population. The names of many citizens may 
be found on page 384, D. H. A railroad station is established 
nearly opposite Wm. Young's bake shop and not far from Wm. 
Ford's residence. Probably Wm. Ford found it necessary to 
remove his machine shop to Sussex street on the lot that was 
later occupied l)y the Morris County Machine Shop. He removed 
his residence also. The railroad needed his Dickerson street 
property. 

The Quakers are advocating the Alx)lition of Slavery and past- 
ing Whittier's poems into their scrapbooks at Randolph. 



37 

1856 — "The era following the close of the War of 18 u until the open- 
ing of the Civil War was one of stupendous activity. Interrupted 
only by the financial dej^ressions of 1817 and 1837. and slightly 
retarded by the Mexican War, the progress of Xew Jersey was 
beyond the wildest dreams of the enthusiast. Alexander Ham- 
ilton. Jersey City, Newark and Paterson were growing great. 
The public school system was established, reforms instituted in 
the care of the defective, delinquent and dependent classes of 
society, railroads and ferries built, banks established, post offices 
opened and newspapers printed." — Legislative Manual of New 
Jersey. 

1861 — The Civil War. How the boys and girls of Mr. Hall's School 
in Dover made and raised a school flag is told in D. H.. page 387. 
The Memorial Day services conducted every year in Dover under 
the auspices of the Grand Army of the Republic bear witness to 
the part that Dover took in that great struggle for the preserva- 
tion of the Union and the Abolition of Slavery. 

1869 — After the Civil W'ar. business being dull. Mr. McFarlan closed up 
the affairs of the Iron Works and suspended oi)erations. Little 
of consequence was done with these works until Mr. McFarlan 
sold them in 1880 to The Dover Iron Company, organized by 
Judge Francis S. Lathrop. This company repaired buildings, 
made improvements, and revived the enterprise which means so 
much for the prosperity of Dover. The High Bridge branch of 
the Central Railroad of New Jersey was extended from Port 
Oram to Dover and Rockaway in June, 1881, causing an increased 
demand for labor. It is the Longwood Valley R. R. from Ger- 
man Valley to Wharton. 

1869 — A Town Charter was obtained for Dover, April i. See "Charter 
of Dover" with by-laws and ordinances. George Richards. 
Mayor. 

1873 — The panic that followed the Civil War affected Dover. 
Dover Fire Department organized. 



38 

"PUTTING DOVER ON THE MAP" 

When did Dover first "get on the map?" 

In my "Ballads of New Jersey in the Revolution," there are two 
old maps of the seventeenth century. One was made from a MS. map 
of R. Eskine, F. R. S., used by the army in 1778-80. As shown by the 
note below this map, Dover was not on it. Hibernia, Mt. Hope, Mt. 
Pleasant Forge, Longwood Forge, "Backshire" Forge, Franklin Forge 
and Benson's Forge were shown, but not Rockaway or Dover, although 
iron works existed at both places previous to that date. 

On the other old map, made when Philadelphia was the national 
capital, previous to 1800, Rockaway and "Percipany" are shown, but not 
Dover. It would be interesting to find a copy of the first map on which 
Dover appears. Some of the things that have "put Dover on the map" 
are referred to in the following rhymes, entitled "The Dover Primer." 
There was once a "New England Primer," you know, that was quite 
famous. It contained the following rhyme — 

Z — "Zacche-us he, did climb a tree 
His Lord to see." 

J722— THE DOVER PRIMER— 1922 
Of blessed memory is he 
Who knows his Dover A, B, C. 
A — Stands for AGE, and our DOVER, we hear. 

Has really arrived at her two-hundredth year. 
A— THE ADVANCE, whose two Editors seek 

To give you the news of the town twice a week. 
B— Is for BEMAN. who followed the lead 

Of JACKSON in trying by iron to succeed. 
B— Is for BLACKWELL, our Dover "Main Street," 

Where the great congregation of people doth meet. 
B — Is for BIRCH and his Boiler workshop, 

Where Stacks, too. are made, to go over the top. 
C — Stands for CANFIELD, who built dam and mil!,. 

With LOSEY as partner, to run things at will. 
C— Is for CANFIELD and LOSEY ; 'bout then 

"Old Tye" grew to DOVER, but who knows just when? 
C — Stands for CHURCHES, and Dover has some; 

If you want to hear more, to the Meeting House Come. 
C — Is for CENTRAL, a branch that comes down 

From High Bridge to gather up freight from our town. 
D— Stands for DOVER ; D. D., DOVER DATES ; 

Dover's found on the map of the United States. 
D — Is for DRILL WORKS, whose trade, it appears, 

Extends to the nations of two hemispheres. 
E— Is EAST DOVER ; a hero lived there, 

Renowned for his voice, heard in battle or prayer. 
E— Is EAST DOVER, and there they make FROGS— 

The kind that were never long-tailed PoUiwogs. 
F— Is for FIREMEN, who at the alarm 



39 

Fight the flames, risking danger to save folks from harm. 
F — Stands for FORGE, and a Forge, it is said. 

Was the cradle of Dover — we still "Forge Ahead!" 
G — Stands for GEORGE ; George the First was our king 

W'hen Jackson's trip-hammer first made anvil ring. 
G— Is for GUENTHER, whose Athletic Field 

O'er lovers of sport fascination doth wield. 
H— Is for HOSKINS. elected to steer 

Our town through her great bi-centennial year. 
H— Is for HOSPITAL, please lend a hand; 

A place we all visit when Doctors command. 
H— Is for HURD— and HURD PARK, near the spot 

Where the Hurds of oldtime had their first buikling lot. 
I — Stands for IRON, the magnetic kind. 

That long from our neighl)oring hills has been mined. 
I— Is the INDEX, in which may be found 

News items from Dover and sections all 'round. 
J — Stands for JACKSON, who first built a forge 

On the brook that comes down from our picturesque gorge. 
K— Stands for KATTERIMAN'S Swiss Knitting Mill. 

Where garments are made that will just fill the bill. 
L — LACKAWANNA, whose many trains roll 

Through Dover with passengers, milk, freight and coal. 
L — Is for LAUNDRY, and Cook knows the way 

To save you the trouble of Blue Washing Day. 
L— Is for LIBRARY; Dover is proud 

To have one, sufficiently — not too — high-browed. 
L — Is for LOSEY, first postmaster, he; 

Far-famed as a host for his chef's cookery. 
M — Means McFARLAN, a name that long stood 

For progress, prosperity, thrift, "making good." 
^I— Is for MORRIS CANAL, in its day. 

The hope of our village ; now railroads hold sway. 
N — Stands for NEIGHBORS, and we have a few; 

Millbrook, Wharton, Mine Hill, Mt. Fern fair to view. 

O — Is for OVENS, and we make them here; 

The RICHARDSON STOVE WORKS promulgate good cheer. 
P— PICATINNY is not far away, 

W^here Dover folks work, and get very good pay. 
Q — Is for QUAKER; the Quakers bore swav 

Over all of New Jersey in WILLIAM PENN'S DAY. 
R — Is for RANDOLPH, the township we're near. 

Named after the Quaker Fitz Randolph, 'tis clear. 
R— Is for ROLLING MILL; that's where we make 

The toughest iron rivets, that bend, but don't break 
S — Is for SILK, and we have quite a trade. 

For Singleton spins silk where iron was made. 



40 

S— Is SILK STOCKINGS, that famed ONYX BRAND 

That Guenther produces — the best in the land. 
T— Is for TEMPERANCE; Dover's the town 

That once had State Temperance Banner renown. 
T— Is for TEACHERS, who do their full share 

Each new generation for life to prepare. 
U — Is for US ; here we are ; look us over 

And see if you don't want to settle in Dover. 
V— Is for VARIOUS City Departments : 

Board of Health. Firemen. Streets, all in separate compartments. 
W — Stands for our first President, 

Who counted each forge, on munitions intent. 
W— WATER WORKS ; Steffany told 

How Water's provided for young and for old. 
X — Always stands for some factor UNKNOWN, 

Like the Future, that's hid till we make it our own. 
Y — Stands for YOUNG, a shrewd Scot who once came 

To Dover and helped us maintain our good name. 
Y — Is for YOUTH ; may our Young People be 

The Jewels of Dover, delightful to see. 
Z — Is the end. and it may stand for ZEAL, 

Which keeps towns from getting run down at the heel. 
& — Now I must stop ; but I wish I could view 

The DOVER of two-thousand-two-twenty-two. 
P. S. — And many more rhymes may be made on this plan — 

Bi-centennial notes that two centuries span. 
To Conclude : 
B— BENEDICTION : May God's Blessing crown 

The DOVER that you and I call our Home Town ! 



PART II 
Location and Environment 



43 

TWO OLD ROADS 

In Book of Roads A at the County Clerks Office, Morristown, on 
page 213, we find this record: ROADS IN MENDUM. 

ROAD near BEEMAN'S FORGE in Mendham. Beginning at 
the northwest corner of the schoolhouse near Israel Canfieid's forge 
that was formerly Josiah Beemans thence running (we abbreviate) 
I ) X 36 degrees, W 5 chanes 39 links 



2) N 66 




\V 8 


21 


3) N 51 




W 6 


38 


4) S 81 




W14 


64 


5) N 76 




W I 


35 


6) N 62 




W 2 


66 


7) (no 


figures) 






8) (no 


figures) 






9) N 88 




W3 


89 


10) (no 


figures) 






II) N 62 




W 3 


50 


12) N 22 




West 


to the middle of the bridge 



ledeing over a smale streme nere Josiah hurds one chane and being a 
three Rood Road. Dated "Mendham Town Ship, August 11, 1792. 

Here we find a clear reference to Dover under the name of 
■"Beeman's Forge" in 1792, with the fact that it had now become Israel 
Canfieid's forge. The name "Dover" apparently came into use soon 
after, instead of continuing the practice of using the owner's name. 
Otherwise the place might have been known as "Canfields Forge,'' 
and then by some other name. 

At the bottom of the same page we find a description of a "Road 
near Beeman's Forge in Pequanack a three rod road, beginning at the 
end of a bridge in Pequanack, crossing the Rockaway River by Josiah 
Beeman's dwelling house." Dated August 11, 1792. 

The second road mentioned above is described as follows : 

lines S9 links 
65 
33 



i) N 8 degrees 


W 3 


2) N 39 


W 2 


3) N 27 


W 5 


4) N 60 


E 5 


5) N 55 


E 4 


6) N 53 


E 6 


7) N 84 


E 2 


8) S 85 


E 10 


The First Road.— W 


here ^ 



},7 
35 

^3 

57 
that schoolhouse? As the road 
was on the south side of the river (being in Mendham), the school- 
house was south of the river. A schoolhouse at the foot of Morris 
street would give us a good start, from its northwest corner. McFarlan 
located a school bene later. Was there a school there from earlier 



44 

The map of 1825, Dover History, shows a road running from the 
foot of Morris street northwest, on a diagonal hne, to the canal, then 
being made. The canal lock made it necessary for any road headed 
in this direction to be changed and brought over the Rockaway below 
the lock, as shown in this map, where Sussex street is indicated as a 
new street. But observe the direction of this diagonal road. Old 
roads of that time were not laid out in straight lines, crossing others 
at right angles. They followed old Indian trails, in conformity with 
the lay of the land and the winding of streams, aiming at the easiest 
ford or crossing of streams. Such was this road, coming from Frank- 
lin around the point of the mountain, keeping to the base of the moun- 
tain south of it to avoid the river north of it, then spreading much 
further than its present limits and making swampy ground. 

This diagonal road, coming to the northern end of what is 
now Warren street, led, on the north, to a bridge over the river, and 
continued northward, in Pequanack township, to what is now Pequan- 
nock street. The remains of a stone foundation for a bridge are still 
shown at that place of crossing. .\nd the river was once fordable 
there. The road north of the bridge, in Pequanack, is the second 
road mentioned on page 213 in Road Book A. 

From the southern end of this bridge a road ran along the river 
and south of it, westward, as described, to the "smale streme nere 
Josiah hurds." The canal "stole this roadway" as John W. Hurd 
said, making a new road necessary, south of the canal, as we now have 
it. But the cuts through rock and the grading down to lower lines came 
later. Mr. Magie tells of the road running north of Jacob Losey's 
house before Blackwell street was opened. 

"Josiah Kurd's dwelling." — The Josiah Hurd of 1792 lived 
where John W. Hurd lived when he gave the land for Hurd Park. 
This property has recently been bought by M. Friedman, who now 
lives there. There was another Josiah Hurd (junior) who lived on 
the Phillips tract, west of the Pine Terrace Inn. That house was 
removed a few years ago. 

Dr. Magie says that an Indian village was located where the first 
Hurd dwelling stands, doubtless taking advantage of the noted spring 
of water in Hurd Park, and the good fishing in brook and river. 

Blackwell street was not made until about 1825- 1832, to supply 
the place of the road that was crowded out by the canal. 

The Second Road. — This was near Beeman's Forge in Pequannock 
(north of the river), crossing the river by Josiah Beeman's dwelling 
house. His house was a long, low dwelling north of the river. Just 
north of the river and east of the road stood the Hoagland House. 
The site of it was between the present municipal building and the 
station of the Central Railroad. Perhaps the northwest corner of 
municipal building impinges on the site. But I leave it for some 
surveyor to plot the course of this second road. 



45 

TOWNSHIPS 

Let us now elucidate the subject of townships, referred to above 
s Mendhani and Pequannock. In 102 1 reports were rendered by 
"rederick A. Canfield, representing Randolph Township ; James H. 
onking, for Dover ; and John Yetter, for Rockaway Township ; 
)gether with Theodore Ayres, neutral, from Morris ; Edward Howell, 
ivil engineer ; and Lawrence Day, counsel. This commission was 
ppointed to clear up uncertainties existing in regard to boundaries 
f Rockawav and Randolph townships and the town of Dover. The 
riginal reports are in the Clerk's Office, Morristown, with maps and 
nil description, furnishing the following data. 

Until 1739 Hunterdon County extended on the north to the Rock- 
vvav River, Dover being in Hunterdon, which was taken from Burl- 
igton in 1714. In 1739 ^lorris was taken from Hunterdon. 
740 Morris County consisted of three townships — Morris, Hanover 
and Pequannock, to which Roxbury was added later in 1740. 
749 Mendhani was formed from Hanover, ^Morris and Roxbury. 
It included Dover's location, south of the river. 

804 Jefferson was formed from Roxbury and Pequannock. 

805 Randolph was formed from Mendham, and named in honor of 
Hartshorne Fitz Randolph, who made his last will March 31, 
i8c6. Randolph took in also parts of Dover north of the river. 

831 Dover town (incorporated as a village in 1826) was formed in 

Randolph township. 
869 Dover was incorporated, containing iioo acres, in Randolph. 
871 Dover limits were enlarged. 
896 Dover was separated from Randolph township. 



Note on Josiah Beeman's dwelling. This dwelling (1792) is 
eferred to as a landmark for the second road above. It was north 
f the river. Another reference states that "the beginning corner of 
jchooley's Forge was about one chain from Josiah Beeman's house." 
\'here was Schooley's Forge? In 1768 Robert Schooley conveyed to 
oseph Jackson and his son Stephen of Mendham, Bloomer, one- 
ourth of a property known as Schooley's Forge. 

Did Robert Schooley acquire the forge property of John Jackson, 
vho was sold out in 1753 by sheriff? It was then in Mendham. I 
ind this statement about Schooley's Forge — "This was at Dover 
named so later) back of the house recently (1876) built by Alpheus 
jeemer. on the south side of the road to Succasunna." 

The Alpheus Beemer house referred to stood on or near the 
ite of the Pine Terrace Inn of later years. 

It looks as if Beeman first resided in John Jackson's dwelling, 
vithin one chain of Jackson's forge; then Beeman sold the property 
o Robert Schooley, who sold one fourth right in it in 1768. And 
that Beeman afterwards removed his dwelling place to the north 
side of the river, where his other forge and most of his land w^as, 
this dwelling being in Pequannock near the bridge over the river, 
as stated in the road book for 1792. 



46 



ENVIRONMENT 



To give a complete account of Dover's environment would be a. 
long story. One would have to do justice to the scenery and the inhabi- 
tants of Mt. Freedom, Center Grove, Randolph, Mt. Fern, Crane Town,, 
Millbrook, Union, Franklin, Shongum, Mt. Tabor, Denville, Rockaway, 
Hibernia, Mt. Hope, Mt. Pleasant, Bowlbyville, Richard Mine, Thomas 
Mine, Mine Hill, Kenvil, Succasunna, Ferromont, Berkshire Valley, 
Wharton, Luxemburg, Hopatcong — perhaps Stanhope and Netcong and 
a few others. Here is a good opportunit)^ for historians of the future, 
or for our school classes in composition to distinguish themselves. We 
have touched on a few of these inviting topics in prose and verse. 

FERROMONT, 1713 

At Ferromont, Mine Hill, may be seen the old mansion of Governor 
Mahlon Dickerson, Across the road from the house is the shaft of the 
famous Dickerson Mine, which figured so conspicuously in the early 
history of this region. The mine is now closed. At first the ore vsras 
obtained from the open cut, to supply the forges near by, 171 3 — . 

In the Dover Public Library fuller information may be found about 
Governor Dickerson, whose career is summarized as follows: 

Born, Hanover, N. J., April 17, 1770. 

Graduated at Princeton College, 1789. 

Admitted to the bar of New Jersey, 1793. 

Commissioner of Bankruptcy, 1802. 

Adjutant-General of Pennsylvania, 1805- 1808. 

Removed to Morris County, N. J., 1810. 

Member of New Jersey Assembly, 181 2. 

Justice of New Jersey Supreme Court, 1813. 

Governor of New Jersey, 1815-1817. 

United States Senator, 181 7-1833. 

Declined appointment as Minister to Russia. 1834. 

Secretary of the Navy, 1 831 -1838. 

Judge of U. S. District Court for New Jersey. 

Died at Succasunna, October 5. 1853. 

Here, too, is the home of Frederick A. Canfield, with his notable 
collection of New Jersey minerals and historical data. 

THE FRIENDS' MEETING HOUSE IN RANDOLPH 

The annual meeting of the trustees of the Friends' Meeting House 
and Cemetery Association of Randolph Township was held at the meet- 
ing house, near Dover, on Tuesday afternoon, June 2, 1914, at 3:30 
o'clock. The present trustees of the association are Eugene A. Carrell, 
of Morristown, who is also the president; Elias B. Mott, of Rockaway; 
M. Wheeler Corwin, of Kenvil; Henry Alwood, of Succasunna; Charles 
Brotherton, of Dover; William H. Baker, of Dover, who is treasurer; 
and Fred Hance, of East Orange, who wtas elected trustee and secretary 
to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his father, Edward S, Hance, 



47 

ivho capably filled these offices of the association from its organization 
Dn October 22. 1898. when it was formed for the purjxDse of preserving 
:he historic old building and to keep the cemetery grounds in order. The 
following new members were admitted at this meeting : — Fred Hance, 
Df East Orange ; Dr. A. L. L. Baker and Mrs. Ellen B. Baker, of Dover; 
Mrs. Phoebe J. Corwin ; Mrs. Laura C. Alwood, and Charlotte H. 
Meeker, of Succasunna. and E. Bertram Mott, of Rockaway. 

The following brief history, compiled by the late James W. Brother- 
:on, will perhaps prove of interest to the public. 

As early as 1740 several families of Friends, most of them from 
IVoodbridge Township, settled in Randolph (then Mendham) Township, 
ind meetings were held at their homes. Among these early settlers 
ivere William Schooley. James Brotherton, Robert Schooley, Jacob 
Laing, and Hartshorne Fitz Randolph, with their families. 

In 1740 meetings for worship were being held on first days at the 
lome of William Schooley. a log house about three-quarters of a mile 
»st of the present meeting house. 

On 8th Mo., 15th. 1758, one acre of land, the site of this house, 
^as deeded by Robert Schooley for four pounds of the current money 
Df the Province of New Jersey, to Jacob Laing and James Brotherton, 
Tustees. who are to hold the land in trust as a place to bury the dead of 
;he people called Quakers, "then residing in the vicinity, but members 
)f the monthly meeting at Woodbridge, N. J." 

In 1758 the sum of seventv'-three pounds was raised and the present 
structure was built and a regular meeting was established, subordinate 
:o the Woodbridge Monthly Meeting. For many years meetings were 
leld regularly on the first and fifth days of the week at 11 A. M. In 
feasant weather the meeting house was on first days well filled both 
ibove and below, people driving in or coming on horseback several miles 
:o attend. Richard Dell and Others ministered acceptably to their spir- 
tual needs. 

During the years from 1820 to 1830 or thereabouts, many valued 
nembers of this meeting, with their families, migrated to Western New 
York State and settled there. This so depleted the home meeting that 
it began rapidly to decline. Mid-week meetings were dropped and in 
[864 meetings for worship, except by appointment, were discontinued 
iltogether. 

About the year 1870. John Hance, Isaac Alwood Vail, and others 
ivhose ancestors and relatives were buried in the graveyard, contributed 
money to build a stone wall to enclose the grounds. The wall was relaid 
ind completed in 1880-1 by Isaac Alward. and an iron fence constructed 
icross the front by subscriptions raised by John Alwood \'ail and John 
Hance. A row of sheds at the rear of the meeting house formerly shel- 
tered the horses in unpleasant weather, but this fell into decay and was 
not rebuilt. By the will of Edward Dell $500 was left in trust, the 
interest to be used in caring for the graveyard. 

The year 1897 found the building and grounds sadly neglected, 
James W, Brotherton and Rachel B. Vail, the only surviving meml)ers 



48 

residin<:^ in the vicinity, requested of the Rahway and Plainfield (form- 
erly Woodbridge) Monthly Meeting, that the property belonging to the 
Randolph Meeting be deeded to them, promising to provide for the care 
and oversight thereof, that the property should be kept in suitable con- 
dition for the purposes for which it was intended. On loth Mo., 14th, 
1897, the trustees of Rahway and Plainfield Monthly Meeting deeded 
the Randolph Meeting property for $1 to James W. Brotherton and 
Rachel B. Vail under the above agreement. 

On the 6th Mo., 28th, 1898, there convened a number of those 
whose ancestors of years ago or relatives of more recent date had been 
laid at rest in the old burying grounds. These interested persons, tak- 
ing the necessary legal steps, formed themselves into an association to 
be known as The Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Association of 
Randolph Township. On October 22, 1898, James W. Brotherton and 
Rachel B. Vail deeded the property for $1 to the aforesaid association, 
which association agrees to carry out the promises made by them. 

The members of the Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Asso- 
ciation of Randolph Township at this time were: President, James W. 
Brotherton, Dover, N. J. ; secretary, Edward S. Hance, Wharton, N. J. ; 
treasurer, William H. Baker, Dover, N. J. ; Eugene A. Carrell, Morris- 
town, N. J. ; Henry Alward, Succasunna, N. J. ; Elias B. Mott, Rock- 
away, N. J. — From "The Index," June 12, 1914. 

THE QUAKERS 

When John Jackson sold out his Dover property in 1753, it is said 
that he went to the western part of Virginia and started something there. 
You will find a town named "Jackson" in Jackson County on the map of 
West Virginia. He must have been then over fifty years old. His 
property was sold in two portions. The forge and the land on which 
his dwelling stood in Dover went to Josiah Beman, "Bloomer." A 
bloomer was one who made rough blooms of iron at such a forge as 
Jackson's. A bloom of iron is the rough ball or lump of iron obtained 
by roasting the ore on a charcoal fire in the forge oven. 

The extended farm lands which Jackson had acquired in 1722, situ- 
ated now in Mine Hill, adiacent to Jackson's brook, were sold to a 
Quaker named Hartshorne Fitz Randolph, who afterwards added to this 
property until he had an estate of about 1,000 acres. 

At this point, therefore, the history forks — one fork leading to the 
continuance of the iron works in Dover and the other fork leading to 
the Quakers of Mine Hill, Randolph and Millbrook. 

William Penn was one who early located large "returns" of land in 
this region, taking up with the Kirkbrides some thousands of acres. 
Leonard Elliott's house, once known as the Munson Homestead, ^vas 
in the Penn Return of 171 5 (Dover History, page 473). Thus we see 
that Dover touched the hem of William Penn's garment, so to speak. 

The Richard Brotherton farm, it is said, was bought from William 
Penn and has stayed in the family ever since. Richard Brotherton mar- 
ried Mary Wilson, a great-great-granddaughter of the Robert and Ann 



49 

A^ilson who came over from Yorkshire, England, 1683, in the same ship 
vith WiUiam Penn. In 1681-82, Lady Elizabeth Carteret sold the 
Province of East Jersey to an Association of twelve persons, mostly of 
he Society of Friends, among them Ijeing William Penn. 

William Penn's object in taking up so much land appears lo have 
)een to provide a place of refuge for the Quakers who were persecuted 
n the Old Country. He gathered them together and led them out of the 
and of persecution into the wilderness of Pennsylvania and New Jersey 
—a regular exodus into a new Promised Land. Randolph and Mill- 
)rook, then, were parts of this Promised Land in the New World. 
I'erhaps the present inhabitants have forgotten that fact. Some of the 
ountry schools in the vicinity of Dover might get up excellent historical 
)rograms based upon their interesting past and it would be a good lesson 
n American history. Morris County is full of historical interest. 

A volume might be written alxDut the Quaker settlement, and much 
ibout these Quakers may be found scattered through the pages of 
Dover History. They were strong for the Alx)lition of Slavery. From 
800 on the Quakers were agitating in a peaceful way for the emanciixi- 
ion of the slaves, and felt it their duty to assist runaway slaves in their 
iscape to Canada. The "Underground Railway," as it was called, had 
me station at Randolph. 

Let me conclude this article with a brief sketch of Richard Brother- 
on, a typical saint of the Quaker faith. Although following the butcher's 
rade, not now regarded as a suital)le setting for a moving picture hero, 
le ennobled his calling. The poet George Herbert says, in one of his 
eligious poems : 
'Who sweeps a room as for Thy laws Makes that and the action fine." 

It was in this spirit that Richard Brotherton followed his humble 
ailing and became a lighthouse on the hills of Morris County. In the 
ame spirit other men of those early days followed the necessary callings 
tf village baker, blacksmith, preacher, carpenter, farmer, wagon-maker, 
ronmaster, and many of them — not all — shine as stars in the spiritual 
irmament of these iron-bearing hills. In our Dover History studies we 
ire trying to "follow the gleam of that light." 

RICHARD BROTHERTON 

The story of Dover would not be complete 
Without "Dicky Brotherton," "honest man" he. 
The Quaker of Randolph, who sold the folks meat 
And won wide renown for unfeigned piety. 
With wagon well stored he would ride far and wide 
O'er these rough roads and hills to each customer's door 
Have a chat, leave a "roast" — Morris County beef — I'd 
Like to meet him to-day on his rounds, as he bore 
Choice viands to Dover. Mine Hill and Millbrook. 
The widow and orphan he never forsook ; 
But gladdened the desolate when he drew near 
With kind words and solid, substantial "good cheer." 



50 



"A dear, good old man," well belov'd ; true respect 

He won in his day — he was surely "elect." 

Just a butcher, of course, but he made his trade fine 

By the honest, kind-hearted and neighborly grace 

That illumined his deeds and his speech and his face. 

In the quaint Quaker meetings out there on the hill 

He presided for years — just a slim "two or three" 

Attended, at last — everything was so still ! 

The men sat on one side and lest they should see 

The women, a board fence was let down between, 

Long silence — more silence — no music — no hymn — 

No remarks — meditation — no tableau — no scene ! 

Just plain Dicky Brotherton sitting up there 

With his plain Quaker coat and his Quaker broad brim. 

Till at last this iDrief word breathes upon the still air — 

"We must do the right!" — a tap-tap on the floor 

With his patriarch staff and the meeting is o'er. 

Those Quakers stuck to it when slavery tried 

To rule this fair land, when it fain would enthrone 

Its power o'er our future : Let no man deride 

The faith of the Quakers. They could not condone 

This blot on our scutcheon ; they clung to this plank — 

"God made man for freedom; no slave chains must clank 

In this great land of ours — Do the right ! Do the right ! 

Heed the still voice of conscience, the true inner light !" 

Out here on these hills, where God's free breezes blew, 

Came Whittier's voice to a conscience refined 

By the breath of God's spirit — the message rang true. 

It rang through the nation at last, unconfined — 

"Do the right ! Do the right ! We must do — we must do — 

We must do the right !" — and the faint whisper grew 

Till in bloody encounter and death-toll this land, 

This fair land of freedom at last took its stand, 

Led by Abraham Lincoln ! Now all men are free 

Who are born 'neath our banner, from mountain to sea ! 



51 

DOVER'S MOTHER CHURCH 

The history of religion in Dover is not complete without some 
account of the Mother Church at Rockaway. Rev. Barnahas King came 
from New England in 1805. according to Dr. Megie's statement. He 
began j)reaching at P>erkshire X'alley. Did the name "Berkshire" come 
with him from the P>erkshire Hills of Connecticut? He was installed 
pastor at Rockaway in 1808. and died in 1862. in the fifty-fifth year of 
his pastorate, as noted on his tombstone in Rockaway. He was a gradu- 
ate of Williams College. 1803. in the Berkshire Hills of Massachusetts. 

Rev. Joseph S. Tuttle. D.D.. in an historical sermon, speaks of him- 
self as the colleague of Ilarnabas King from 1847 to 1862. Dr. Tuttle 
afterward became president of Wabash College. Indiana; but before 
going West he wrote many historical articles about Morris county. To 
him we are indebted for the information that George Bowlsl)y deeded 
land in Parsippany to "the religious society of people commonly called 
Presbyterians." This was in 1745. And he dates the l)irthday of the 
old church at Rockaway on the second of March, 1758, for then the first 
subscription paper was starte dthus : "We, the subscril^ers to do by 
these mannefest It to be our desier to Joyn (pronounced 'iine') with 
pasipaney to call and settel a minnester to have the one half of the 
preachen at posipaney and the other half at rockaway and each part to 
be eakwel to payen the minnester." 

A second memorandum states that the "inhabitenc of rockaway 
pigenhil and other places agesant" (adjacent) met and agreed upon a 
"suitable place above bemans forg, below the first small brok upon that 
rode up to Samuel Johnson." 

Dr. Tuttle explains that the congregation was gathered from the 
then sparsely settled region which included Denville, Rockaway \'alley, 
Horse Pound. Meriden (a school district). Mount Hope, Denmark, 
Berkshire \'alley, Franklin, Dover (not then known by that name, prob- 
ably) and the region beyond. 

This first "meting hous" was raised in 1759, and partly en^-losed. 
Glass, paint and floor boards were bought the next year to finish the 
house. The founders were assessed to "pay a prespetering minister." 
The building was not ceiled nor plastered. The people did not wait for 
their church to be finished and "all decorated up" before they used it. 
It was said to be ghastly in its incomi)leteness. In 1780 it was voted "to 
make a Ladder to go up Galeryes and Lay Down boards on the galery 
Beams and make seates to set on." And yet nothing was done until 
1794. We must remember the distractions and sickness of the Revolu- 
tionary War. 

This building continued in use until 1832. In Rockaway they have 
a pen sketch of this old building, a contemj^orary of our old Quaker 
Church and very much like it in design. In 1831 a new building was 
started, and this was dedicated in 1832. By this time there were enough 
peo]jle in Dover to think it worth while to organize and form a Dover 
church, instead of subscribing longer to a Rockaway church. So we 
find in the records of Rev. Barnabas King that eighteen members were 



52 

dismissed in 1835 to form a Dover church. And we find in the Dover 
records that the Dover church began its Hfe April 23, 1835, with a mem- 
bership of seven men and seventeen women, whose names are given in 
Dover History, page 415. 

Let us conclude this brief sketch with two short ballads, which take 
us back, in spirit, to Dover's Mother Church of 17^8-1832. 

I. AUNT ABIGAIL'S MEETING 

Aunt Abigail Jackson was very devout, 
And this is the story that comes down about 
This old-fashioned saint — 'tis an anecdote quaint, 
Well attested, it seems, without mythical taint. 

The Rockaway folks — seventeen titty-nine — 
Decided to ask all their neighbors to "Joyn" (jine) 
And set up a Meeting House handy for all, 
Al30ve Beman's Forge, near a brook that was small. 

They called the inhabitants of Rockaway, 

Pigeon Hill, Horse Pound, Meriden, Denmark, they say, 

Franklin, Dover and Berkshire and further away. 

To meet and consult on a place that would suit. 

Where a new Meeting House would be sure to take root. 

It soon was agreed, so with zeal they began 

To lay the foundations and work out the plan, 

So eager they were the first meetings to hold 

They began with loose boards laid on beams, we are told. 

But interest waned, and soon meetings were few, 
Till one faithful soul started things up anew: 
Aunt Abigail Jackson was so filled with zeal 
That she held a grand meeting which made its appeal. 

What though floors were lacking, no parson in sight, 

Though side walls and ceiling were in sorry plight, 

She just sat on a beam and sang hymns ; she could sing 

Like a bird ; but no bell was yet ready to ring 

And no organ led off. When the neighbors inquired, 

"Who all was at meeting?" Aunt Abbie said, "Three — 

The Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost — me ; 

That makes four ! — a good meeting as could be desired !" 

More came the next time; so folks, in that day. 

On the beams held their meetings in old Rockaway. 



53 

II. GENERAL WINDS OF ROCKAWAY 
1776-7 

O, have you heard the General pray, 

Brave General Winds of Rockaway, 

In the deacons' meetings that they hold, 
\\'here patriots meet, hoth true and bold? 

'Twas there I heard him, many a day, 

Brave General Winds of Rockaway ! 

In the old, unplastered church they met ; 
No parson was there the text to set: 

But when the General once began. 

Loud waxed the voice of that valiant man. 
Oh, yes, I've heard him many a day, 
Brave General Winds of Rockaway ! 

In thunder tones he prayed the Lord 
And fervently His name implored 

To break the oppressor's yoke and free 

This land — the home of liberty. 
The people loved to hear him pray, 
Brave General Winds of Rockaway! 

And when at Chatham Bridge he stood 

And faced the foe, they thought it good 
To take a hint that the General dropped, 
So they took to their heels and never stopped ; 

For he could fight as well as pray. 

Brave General Winds of Rockaway! 



The first Sunday school in Morris county was started in 1815 by 
Mrs. Joseph Jackson (Electa Beach, the Colonel's second wife), who 
gathered the children together in the old red schoolhouse near the 
church. Before this date she and Mrs. James Jackson had instructed the 
children in their own homes. 

For several years the Mother Church was racked by the music 
question. Should the hymns be "lined out" or sung without such pre- 
liminaries? The old-style precentor. David Beman, led the party that 
stood by the old custom. Young Pjcnjamin Jackson led the younger ele- 
ment of progressives. A compromise was tried, by which one party 
should have charge of the morning service and the other party have 
the afternoon service. Finally, after a long "unpleasantness," the 
progressives won a permanent victory in 1792, due, perhaps, to the high 
repute of Benjamin Jackson as a singer. There was no Caruso in those 
days, but one who could lead the singing in meeting as wonderfully as 
Benjamin Jackson could do it enjoyed an equally enviable renown in 
these parts. 



54 

THE METHODIST CHURCH AT MILLBROOK 
NOTE : — In a former article we spoke of the Presbyterian Mother 
Church of Dover. Since then Mr. Alonzo B. Searing has furnished me 
"with his excellent narrative of the Methodist Mother Church of Dover. 
This was published sixteen years ago. I give it here in somewhat con- 
densed form, but mostly in Mr. Searing's own words. Mr. Searing has 
done a fine piece of historical work. The story of these self-reliant and 
godly people who maintained the influences of the Gospel among these 
picturesque, sequestered hills is worthy of record. It is a part of 
Dover's moral environment. This Mother Church now desires to build 
a parsonage and so provide a dwelling for a resident pastor to carry on 
the good work of former years among the hills South of Dover. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church at Millbrook celebrated its sev- 
enty-third anniversary September i6, 1906, having been dedicated July 
1st, 1883. This was the first Methodist Church erected in Randolph 
Township. The committee in charge of the celebration in 1906, con- 
sisted of William S. Dalrymple. Ella Dalrymple, John Pugsley, Charles 
Palmer, William C. Spargo, William W. Searing and Alonzo B. Sear- 
ing. The pastor was Rev. S. O. Rusby. Alonzo B. Searing read an 
historical address of which a synopsis is given herewith. 

: MR. SEARING'S NARRATIVE 

The germs of Methodism were first planted in Morris County by 
those sincere and earnest Christians, Philip Embury and Barbara Heck, 
who emigrated to this country from Ireland, landing in New York on 
August 10, 1760. Philip Embury was happily converted under the 
preaching of John Wesley in 1752, and in the year 1766 preached his 
first sermon in his own house in Park Place, New York, to an audience 
of five persons, among whom was his devoted friend, Barbara Heck. 

They then formed a class which increased in mem1)ership until il 
was deemed advisable to erect a chapel in John street. New York 
in 1768. 

In the British army, at that time occupying New York, was Cap- 
tain Webb, an earnest Christian soldier, who, with Embury, preachec 
several times a week to large numbers of people, many of whom wen 
■converted and joined the church. 

In 1770, two more churches were built, one in Maryland and th( 
•other in Philadelphia. In 1769, John Wesley, recognized the need oj 
"missionaries to aid the infant societies, sent Richard Boardman anc 
Joseph Pilmoor from England to this country. In 1771, he sent Francii 
Asbury and Richard Wright, and in 1773 George Shad ford anc 
Thomas Rankin. 

Philij) Embury was the first Methodist class leader and loca 
preacher in Morris County. In June, 1773, the first American con 
ference was held in Philadelphia. There were then 1,160 members ii 
the society, 200 being in New Jersey and the remainder in Virginia 
Maryland and New York. In 1776, the Methodist of New Jersey num 
bered about 400. The growth of the church was somewhat disturl)e( 
by the struggle for independence. 



55 

At tlie p^eneral conference held in Baltimore, December 24, 1784. 
Francis Asl)ury and Thomas Coke were received as bishops. Th^ 
Methodist Church then had eighty-three preachers and 14,988 members. 
In 1799 there were about 60,000 members. 

The first Methodist house of worship in New Jersey was built in 
1799 in Greenwich Township. Gloucester County. It was about 1799 
that we have the first account of any established place of worship in 
Randolph Township, this being in a large two-story frame house owned 
by Sylvanus Lawrence, near the place where All^ert DeHart resided for 
many years, on the road from Center Grove to Succasunna Plains. This 
house had formerly been used as a hotel and town meetings had been 
held there. The society later built a more suitable stone house on the 
crossroads, near the David Horton mine, to be used as a meeting house 
and school house, with the name "Lawrenceville" inscribed over the 
doors. But, as the building was not centrally located, it was not finished 
for the purpose intended and for several years Methodist meetings were 
held in a large stone barn near there belonging to Daniel Lawrence. Here, 
with the horses and cattle in their stalls and the spacious l)arn floor 
cleanly swept and rough seats arranged for the comfort of the attending 
worshippers, those faithful servants of God, Rev. Francis A. Morell, 
Mr. ]\Iorrow and others preached for several years. 

As a majority of the members lived in Millbrook, the meeting place 
was finally transferred to this village and services were held in the old 
schoolhouse, which was built by Calvin Lawrence and formerly stood 
by the side of the brook at the foot of the hill, near the present (1906) 
schoolhouse. Rev. Solomon Parsons, when a young man, taught school 
in the old schoolhouse. "There in the beautiful valley lying below us, 
with the gentle murmur of the flowing waters of the brook as it rippled 
over the stones and pebbles, the sound of which often came gently steal- 
ing in the schoolhouse windows, mingling with the voice of prayer and 
hymns of j)raise, for several years, the Revs. John Hancock. Alexander 
Dickerson. Thomas Lovell. Isaac Winner and others labored with 
marked success." 

"In 1826. or 1827 the Rev. Thomas Lovell took up a subscrintion 
to build a church in Dover, but for want of interest the project failed 
and the society at Millbrook increasing, on or about 1831. they resolved 
to build a church on the beautiful hill overlooking the village in the 
valley. On the twenty-fifth of April, 1832, Horace S. Cooper and 
Eunice, his wife, executed a deed by which, for twenty-five dollars, they 
sold half an acre of ground to Halmah Francisco. James Morrison. 
Jacob Lawrence, Horace S. Cooper, Robert Parsons, Jr.. Elihue Mott 
and Alexander Dickerson. trustees of the First Methodist Episcopal 
Church, in the township of Randolph, County of Morris * * * land for 
the new church. 

The timber for the frame of the new building was freely donated 
by difi'erent one* living near, and Messrs. John Powers. John Carrell and 
other kind friends went in the woods and hewed out the larger timbers, 
while the smaller pieces and floor boards of oak were sawn out by Sam- 
uel Searing at his mill and given to the society. 



56 

As these timbers were not seasoned, a kiln was built in which to 
dry them and a man employed to watch the drying process. At that 
time temperance societies were almost unknown. The watchman 
imbibed too freely of the juice of Jersey apples, neglected his duties, 
and one Sabbath morning the kiln and its precious timbers were con- 
sumed by fire. In no wise discouraged, David Lindsley and Simon Sear- 
ing took their teams and heavy wagons and drove forty miles to Easton, 
the nearest lumber yards, bringing back with them suitable timber for 
immediate use. 

The building contract Avas given to James Morrison, for a building 
30 X 38 feet in size with a gallery in the west end. The seats were made 
of plain pine boards. The church was warmed in winter by a wood fire 
in a large square iron stove. Ground was broken for the foundation of 
the new church in 1832 and the public generally turned out and raised 
the frame. Among those present v/ere the late Solomon Dalrymple and 
John A. Briant, of Rockaway, who used to sing in the choir. 

A Presidential campaign was then in progress between Andrew 
Jackson, Democrat, and Henry Clay, the Whig candidate. James Mor- 
rison, the builder, was an ardent Whig, whilst David Trowbridge was a 
Jackson Democrat. As the shades of evening approached, Trowbridge 
secured a hickory bush and nailed it on top of the gable end, where it 
was discovered by Morrison in the morning and hastily pulled down. 

About September the cornerstone was laid and during the fall and 
winter the church was enclosed, completed, and on July i, 1833, was 
dedicated to the service of God by the same good man who laid the 
corner-stone. Rev. D. Kennedy, of Brooklyn, N. Y. That date was made 
historic in the family of Jacob Searing by the birth of a son, whom he 
named Martin Van Buren, in honor of the Vice-President. 

At that time the circuit or conference extended from Whippany to 
Easton. and quarterly meetings would last two days. Visiting members 
would lodge over night with friends belonging to the church where the 
conference was held. 

Among the First Preachers 

Among the first preachers here were Rev. Caleb Lippincott and Mr. 
Vliet. They preached alternately, and were succeeded by Rev. Mncent 
Shepherd and Rev. James Hudson. About that time Dover was added 
to the Rockaway and Millbrook charge. In 1838, Rev. James O. 
Rogers was appointed to Millbrook and Dover. The people of Dover 
having long worshipped in a schoolhouse, it was resolved to Iniild a 
church there, 34 x 44, at a cost of $1,400, without painting. The Dover 
church was finished and dedicated on December 27, 1838. Rev. James 
O. Rogers labored here with much success until 1839. He was succeeded 
by Rev. James M. Tuttle, who stayed two years. In the one hundredth 
anniversary year of Methodism he collected $74 for the centenary com- 
mittee of the New Jersey Conference. 

The Methodist custom of changing ministers frequently brought 
many preachers to this charge. Rev. Rodney Winans came in 1841 ; 
Rev. William E. Perry in 1842; Rev. Michael E. Ellison in 1843, R^v- 



57 

N. Vansant in 1844; Rev. Joseph E. Dobbins in 1845 > R^v, W. Burrows 
in 1846; Rev. Jacob P. Fort in 1848. 

In 1849. Halmah Francisco l>equeathed $1,000 to be placed at inter- 
est for the support of the minister having charge of the Millbrook and 
Dover station. 

In 1850 came Rev. W'ilHam W'ilHams Christine. In recording mar- 
riages he made such entries as : "For this I received the large sum of $1." 
In 1 85 1 came Rev. Edward M. Griffith. In 1852 the church was remod- 
eled and refurnished, with new seats and two aisles and other improve- 
ments at a cost of $435.75. 

In 1853 came Rev. J. Ogden Winner; in 1854, Rev. Abraham M. 
Palmer; in 1856, Rev. Garret Van Home. His salary was $500. There 
were then 115 members and twenty-six probationers in the Millbrook 
and Dover charge. Rev. Stacy W. Hilliard came in 1858, followed by 
Rev. John Scarlett, Rev. E, A. Hill, Revs. Martin Herr, John W. Seran, 
Charles S. Bolt. 

In 1872 the Millbrook Church was separated from Dover and placed 
with the Walnut Grove Church (established in 1843). I^ this charge 
Rev. Ira Wilson was succeeded by Rev. Daniel Halleron. 

On June 24, 1874, Messrs. Mahlon D. Coe, John Rodgers, Theodore 
F. Mott, Martin V. B. Searing and D. S. Morrison were appointed a 
building committee to re|>air and enlarge the church by an addition of 
ten feet in the rear. The work was done by Mahlon D. Coe, at a cost 
of about $400. The following ministers succeeded to the charge — Revs. 
J. T. Michael, Henry Bice, E. H. Conklin and Thomas Rawlings. 

During 188 1-3 Millbrook was again placed with the Dover First 
M. E. Church, in charge of Rev. H. D. Opdyke. A new organ was 
bought, the cemetery fenced, the church papered and painted, and other 
improvements made at a cost of $408.50, including labor given. 

In 1884, this charge was placed with Mt. Fern Church, recently 
built. Here John IMelroy preached for one year, succeeded by Henry 
J. Hayter, who preached at Millbrook, Walnut Grove and Mt. Fern 
until April i. 1888. After him came F. J. Tomlinson. In 1891, Nelson 
J. Brown was sent to Millbrook and Walnut Grove, followed by Jacob 
Tyndall and Andrew J. Henry, the latter from 1896 to 1900. 

Rev. Merritt C. Reed followed. The church was improved and 
made more beautiful with a new pulpit and altar railing. Mr. Reed 
died in 190 1, in the parsonage at Mt. Freedom. (The name Mt. Free- 
dom was changed to Walnut Grove by the first jDOstmaster there. After- 
wards the name was changed back to Mt. Freedom.) After Mr. Reed 
came Asa C. Covey and Samuel O. Rusby. 

The beautiful maple trees which surround the church were given 
by Robert Parsons as a living memorial of himself and wife. He died 
in 1864. His son. Rev. Solomon Par.sons, presented the bell which 
since 1893 has sounded over the surrounding hills and valleys. 

"To-day (1906) we would remember our former class leader. John 
Spargo, whose familiar question, 'How does your soul prosper to-day?' 
still lingers in our minds. And Jacob Searing, Sr., for many years 



58 

the superintendent of this Sabbath School, whose earnest voice in prayer 
those who heard it will never forget. With loving memory we recall 
the familiar faces of D. S. Morrison, John Rodgers, Mrs. Mahlon D. 
Coe, Melinda Gillen and many others. 

"To my parents I am indebted for a large part of this historical 
account. My mother, Mrs. Samuel J. Searing, who loved this church 
and served the Lord for about sixty years, died August i, 1895, in her 
eighty-fifth year. My father, Samuel J. Searing, who was a faithful 
attendant at the church services for a large majority of the time since 
its erection, took an active and loving interest in serving as its sexton 
until his death, which occurred February 24, 1890, in his eighty-first 
year." 

MILLBROOK 

We have paid our respects briefly to Rockaway and its religious 
dependencies. Let us now turn for a few moments to Millbrook, which, 
with the Quaker settlement at Randolph, once surpassed Dover in com- 
mercial prosperity and diversity of industries, besides having a meeting 
house of its own in the old Quaker Church, founded in 1748, built 1758. 

For a poetical sketch of this village we are indebted to Mr, Theodore 
F. Mott, of East Orange, whose younger days were spent at Millbrook. 
the home of his ancestors. The family of De la Motte was of French 
Huguenot extraction. When religious persecution drove many of the 
best families of France from their native land, America profited by the 
migration to her shores of these most desirable pilgrims, and some of 
them penetrated the wilds of New Jersey, mingled with the Quakers, and 
settled on the hills back of Dover. 

Mr. Mott is now about eighty-three years of age, and feels the 
weight of infirmity that comes with years. In this poem he presents to 
us his affectionate reminiscences of his native village. The village that 
he knew has indeed vanished, but Millbrook is still alive, if we may 
judge from the sixty members of the Sunday school held in the Metho- 
dist Church, a building erected in 1833. Sooner or later many of the 
young people of Millbrook find their way to the Dover High School. 

There is said to be more building going on in Millbrook than for 
twenty-five years back. This may lead to a new prosperity in place of 
the industrial supremacy that once marked the village by the brook. Mill- 
brook is already, and may become still more, a residential suburb to 
Dover's commercial center. Those salubrious hills back there, with an 
elevation of eight hundred to a thousand feet above sea, are being 
appreciated once more. The early settlers made no mistake in picking 
out a good building site when they located the Quaker Church, and the 
automobile is now making these picturesque hilltops available as never 
before for rural villas, to rebuild the waste places of "the vanished 
village." 



59 



OLD MILLBROOK 

A Vanished Village 

A letter trom Theodore F. Mott to a far-away friend 

My dear old friend :— This stormy night 
I sit alone ; the clock strikes nine. 

In reminiscent mood I write, 

As you request, of Auld Lang Syne. 

Then let us to the Jersey hills 

On fancy's ever-ready wings, 
And view the dell, once strewn with mills — 

Now vanished and forgotten things. 

"Vour memory recalls the dell 

We knew so well in other days: 

That picture bid a long farewell; 

Those scenes no longer meet our gaze. 

'Tis true, the valley still is there 

And opens, as in by-gone days, 
On meadows green and woodlands fair 

And grassy fields where cattle graze. 

The lofty, wooded southern hill 

Still casts its shadow o'er the dale ; 

The pleasant northern landscape still 
Descends to meet the lonely vale. 

The rills still run to meet the brook ; 

The brook still hastens to the river ; 
Yes, Nature wears her old-time look ; 

'Tis what Man wrought that's gone forever- 

The men of old who walked its street, 
Who did their work and said their say, 

Whose old-time ways no more we greet, 
Who lived their lives and passed away. 

The industries our fathers knew, 

The places where they toiled and spun. 

Have also vanished like a dew 
Beneath a risen summer sun. 

You say decades have come and gone 
Since last you saw the dear old spot; 



6o 



Well, then my pen shall dwell upon 

Some thines nerhaps vou've half forgot. 

Remember you the old-time bridge 

That spanned the brook from many a hill — 

The brook that skirts the mountain's edge 
To reach the pond of the old grist mill? 

Remember you the long rope walk, 

The race, the flume, the big stone mill, 

The three mill ponds where the frogs would talk 
When night fell down and the air was still? 

Remember you the cooper shop 

That stood hard by a cottage door, 
And the giant walnut tree whose top 

Towered high the shop and cottage o'er ? 

Remember you the old shoe shop 

Hard by the pond where three roads meet. 

And the little old man (whose name we'll drop) 
Who cobbled shoes for his neighbor's feet? 

Remember you the old-time forge 

Whose fires glowed far the darkest night? 

('Twas said that in that cave-like gorge 
They first made iron with anthracite.' 

All these and many other things 

That met our vision long ago 
Have vanished like the curling rings 

Of smoke when northern breezes blow. 

The old-time schoolhouse by the brook 

Stood in a landscape passing fair; 
We passed that way and pause to look — 

There's naught to show 'twas ever there. 

The old-time sawmill up the stream, 
Whose buzz we hear din days of yore, 

Shows here and there a wasting beam, 

And the ancient wheel goes 'round no more. 

The old bark mill, whose ponderous beams 
And gray sides weathered many a gale — 

Now, save in memory's transient gleams, 
There's nothing left to tell the tale. 



6i 



Beside this mill no schoolboy dreams 

That, near a hundred years ago 
A tan yard lay ! to-day it seems 

A patch of land where wild things grow. 

The old-time grist mill, down the dale. 
Still stands l>eneath the wooded hill ; 

The brook goes murmuring down the vale ; 
The old, deserted wheel stands still. 

And so from place to place we go 

As in a dream one wanders 'round ; 
We seek a home we used to know, 

And find the spot forsaken ground. 

So vanish in the shadowy past 

The old landmarks we used to see, 
And. though we're living still, at last 

The same will happen to you and me. 

"lis true, old friend, our journey's end 

Is drawing near — almost in sight; 
Old times are gone ; we journey on 

Till our day, too, is wrapped in night. 

The clock strikes twelve. The storm has passed ; 

The stars and full-orbed moon now shine, 
And o'er our vale their soft light cast 

As in the days of Auld Lang Syne. 

Mourn not of vanished things as strange; 

The wide, wide world is like our dell ; 
If men progress, there must be change; 

And now, old friend, good night, farewell ! 

P. S.— When next I write, I'll try to tell 

What old tradition says befell. 
Before our time, the busy dell. 

Again, good night, and fare thee well ! 



East Orange, N. J.. July 26, 191 5. 



62 



THE IRON ERA: "POETIC" 



The Iron Era was founded in 1870, as we read on the face of its 
successor, The Advance. It was truly an era in town history to have a 
newspaper and one with such an editor as John S. Gibson. Benjamin 
Vogt was first editor and proprietor. To give an adequate sketch of 
The Era in all its functions is beyond my present purpose and ability. 
Others could do it better. But I am prepared to say something about 
one of its features that may be regarded as of least importance, namely, 
the little space that bore the heading, "Poetic." 

Under this title — and it was no misnomer — appeared a number of 
short poems signed "Felix Danton." There was no one in Dover by 
that name, and readers of the history of the French Revolution saw in 
it a nom-de-plume, for the writer of such poems as "The Old Quaker 
Church at Millbrook," "Dover in 1879" and "An Echo from the Mine" 
was evidently interested in Dover. Considerable curiosity was aroused 
in the "iron town" to know who could be extracting poetry from its 
furnaces and smokestacks. One and another were charged with being 
"the guilty party," and the accusation was finally directed against a 
young man. a carpenter by trade, one who from boyhood had worked in 
the iron mills, well acquainted with hard labor. To him the question was 
put, plump: "Are you Felix Danton?" 

Not being skilled in the arts of evasion, such as the author of the 
Waverley Novels employed, he could not escape the imputation. It 
leaked out that the writer of those poems, printed in the local paper, was 
Uzal Newton Crane, of Crane Hill, and he was pestered not a little by 
the remarks that followed this discovery. Being a modest and sensitive 
soul (as all young poets should be), he reaped quite a harvest of misery 
(as many others have done) from this apparently capital offense. 

Mr. Gibson, the editor, encouraged the village bard to keep on writ- 
ing, and thus a small collection of verse was published in "The Poet's 
Corner" of The Era. I, as local historian and gleaner of Dover verse, 
have come into possession of a baker's dozen of these poems, and con- 
sider them worthy of the term, "poetic." 

Mr. Crane's immediate ancestors had come up from Springfield, 
near Newark. No doul)t they were a part of that great clan descended 
from the Newark Cranes, a clan that soon spread over the adjacent parts 
of New Jersey, being found in Eliza])eth. Bloomfield. Caldwell, and at 
Montclair when it was known as "Crane's Farms." They now number 
thousands, and are scattered far. The "Crane Book" is a bulky volume, 
and reaches back into European history. 

But the poet of Crane Hill, at Dover, knew nothing about such 
genealogical lore. As a little boy he attended the district school at Center 
Grove, and was a pupil of Miss Carrie A. Breese, the sister of Miss 
Harriet Breese. Their father kept a store where the Richards store now 
stands in Dover. Miss Carrie Breese was a ])oet. Her pastor, Rev. Dr. 
Halloway, collected and published a volume of her poems. In brief, 
the little schoolhouse at Center Grove is hereby credited with having 



63 

on its roll of fame one teacher who was a poet and one pupil who 
became one. The course of study at Center Grove was limited in extent, 
but good as far as it went, judging from results. Dover High School 
still draws recruits from this retired seat of the muse 

POEMS OF UZAL NEWTON CRANn 

First Published in The Iron Era 

DOVER 

January 17, 1S79 

"The gray barns, looking from" our "hazy hills" 
Stand "blind and blackening" in the bitter gales; 

They send no greeting to our silent mills, 
"On the dull thunder of alternate flails." 

Our city, soon, like Auburn, to become 
A sad, "deserted village" of the plain, 

Lulled by the echoes of departed hum, 

Spreads her dark mantle for repose again. 

No more sweet music from her mills arise, 
Where rolls the sullen Rockaway to sea ; 

O'er once bright waters swings a "bridge of sighs," 
As dark as old Venetian dungeons be. 

Spurning the frozen fetters on its breast, 

It leaves the icy arches far behind. 
And leaves our city in her gloomy rest 

To dream of greatness that she will not find. 

Oh ! must she longer in her languor lie. 

Her strong arms from all enterprise kept chained? 
"Awake. St. John!" and Dover will not die; 

She yet may be a "Paradise Regained !" 

At the time this was written the rolling mills were shut down, and 
other industries of the present (1921) were unknown. 

AN ECHO FROM THE MINE 

Ye wise and good men. ye who stand 

By old Potomac's side. 
In the high councils of a land 

That millions claim with pride. 
Let not the sul)tle words that sweep 
Like sirens' voices o'er the deep. 

Enslave our hands, by toil made brown, 

Nor throw our labor's rampart down. 



64 



The banner of bright stripes and stars 

From sea to sea that waves 
Was not defended in the wars 

To be the flag of slaves. 
Let Europe's bondman, seeking yet 
A home where those stars never set, 

Lose here his fetters and his frown ; 

Oh, take not labor's rampart down! 

The flames of furnace, forge and mills 

That night's low clouds enfold 
Are fair as those on Persian hills 

Which virgins fed of old. 
So deems the freeborn son of toil 
Who turns him homeward with a smile, 

And feels prosperity his crown ; 

Oh, take not labor's rampart down ! 

THE DAWN OF BETTER TIMES 

Behold the dawn that breaks upon 

Our fair and favored shore ! 
O'er land and sea prosperity 

Comes smiling back once more. 
A rosy ray illumes to-day 

Our lon^ dark-clouded climes ; 
The night is spent, the Orient 

Is bright with better times. 

Oh, welcome light that drives the night 

Of dull depression by ! 
Her dragon wing no more shall fling 

A shadow on our sky. 
To cheer the earth a song goes forth 

As sweet as silver chimes ; 
It is a song unsung so long — 

The hum of better times. 

The furnace blast sends up at last 

A shower of fiery spray; 
The hammers ring, for iron is king. 

And Vulcan's clans are gay. 
The farmer toils — the grocer smiles, 

Delighted with his dimes. 
For he is blest beyond the rest 

Through all the better times. 



6«> 

REMEMBRANCE 

We bring new garlands for his bed 

In all the beauty of their bloom ; 
With love that will not fade we spread 

Our sweetest tokens on his tomb. 

More than a hero sleepeth here 

Under the shading cypress green, 
Whose dauntless deeds have made him dear 

Beyond all heroes ever seen. 

No shining chaplet for his brow 
Can charm him from his glory sleep ; 

Nor words of praise awake him now, 
Though loud and like the thunder deep. 

With love, far-reaching as the sky 

We deck the soldier's bed with flowers; 

He bravely bought us victory 
And made its glad fruition ours. 

Henceforth we can but emulate 

His noble deeds, should war betide, 
Our Union to perpetuate 

And the dear flag for which he died. 

A DOVER-TO-MINE HILL RAMBLE 

One Sunday afternoon I strolled out to see where John Jackson 
had located his forge. In imagination I traced his pioneer trail along 
the brook that flows through Hurd Park and saw the log cabin that 
he built near the spring of water on the north side of the park. Then I 
went on to the probable site of the forge, near Singleton's Silk Mill. I 
was picking my way over the brook and exploring the old roadway 
when I met a fellow citizen of Dover, who was also out for a stroll. He 
seemed to be treading familiar ground, for he leaped nimbly over the 
water-courses and threaded his way through the lx)gs, never at a loss 
which way to turn next. I told him of my interest in the old landmarks, 
and he promptly entered into the spirit of my quest and volunteered to 
be my guide for further research. He became the leader and I the fol- 
lower. 

We visited the Catholic cemetery, and here we met the priest of 
St. Mary's Church. We followed the old trail west of Granny's Brook 
leading to the Dickerson Mine, and noted the houses now accessible by 
automobile where once had beeix a bridle path through the wilderness. 
Beyond Indian Falls we scrambled through the woods in search of the 



66 

hermit's hut, and finally discovered the stone walls of the cellar anc 
storeroom and the fallen chimney stones and the byre for the cow. Th( 
clearing through which we passed to reach the hut gave evidence o: 
former plowed fields and a garden spot belonging to this retired fores 
home, last occupied by Elias Millen in hermit solitude. When Georg( 
Jenkins and Pearce Rogers were boys they once were roaming in thes( 
woods with other boys, and the hermit invited them to enter his crampec 
dwelling. He asked them if they could eat any buckwheat cakes ho 
from the briddle. They expressed a readiness, so he cooked flapjack: 
for them as long as they could stow them away, adding to the mem 
from his store of hickory nuts. I was much impressed with the wik 
beauty and romantic surroundings of the hermit's hut, and felt a secre 
longing to restore the hermitage. I took note of the approach on th( 
south side, where a grapevine ran wild among the branches of a tre< 
in the line of a stone fence. Did the hermit cultivate grapes? Ther* 
were signs of apple trees here and there — now wild and forlorn. 

From this point we came out into an open pasture lot not far fron 
Mt. Fern Church, and made our way along through open fields until 
somehow or other, we found ourselves jumping this way and that, liki 
a pair of frogs, through a big lx)ggy pasture that sloped down to ; 
stream and a road that led past an old reservoir from which water onci 
descended to turn a wheel on Granny's Brook, and the wheel turned ai 
iron rod, if I remember, which was so designed that it could pum] 
water from a mine, if I am not mistaken. And if you grasped this iroi 
rod with your bare hand on a frosty morning you would have hard worl 
to tear yourself loose from it, as some boy once discovered to his cost 
learning a lesson in physics. 

We next traveled along a road that led to Tom Johnson's old home 
or the hole in the ground that used to be the cellar. Oh, yes, my com 
panion was Thomas F. Johnson, the monument man, who had led m 
through bog and briar bush to the place where he was "once a little lad,' 
years ago. But on the way — and I have not described our course witl 
the precision of a mariner — he had told me about the days when he use( 
to trudge to school through the woodland paths that he had traversed 
still dear to his heart through old associations. And so I got an intimat 
view of the life once lived out there in those rugged fastnesses wher 
the hermit, like the prophet Elisha at Cherith, once drank from th 
brook (the brook is there yet). 

As we turned toward Mine Hill Church, somewhere out there w 
came to a corner where a great iron ring was suspended. In case o 
fire this was struck by an iron hammer, thus giving the alarm in earlie 
days or even yet. And now we stumbled upon the modern world agaii 
as we reached the vicinity of the old Hartshorn Fitz Randolph mansion 
destroyed by fire in 1876, 4th of July. Hartshorn Fitz Randolph wa 
the Quaker who in 1753 bought John Jackson's tract of 527 acres. Wha 
a tale we might unfold here about the old Quaker! But the moden 
world revealed itself at this point in the form of an automobile pertain 



67 

ing to a party of Mine Hill prospectors for church subscriptions, and 
almost before we were aware, we were gliding homeward smoothly and 
swiftly in William Bassett's up-to-date car, thus reaching Dover in good 
season for supper, after our historical ramble. 

Not long after I found the following verses among my papers, relat- 
ing to the life at Mine Hill sixty years ago. I think Tom Johnson 
must have slipped them into my overcoat pocket when I was not looking. 

THE LIFE AT MINE HILL 

(About i860) 

Simple the life they lived — barefooted boys in the morning 
Trudged to school through the woods, or broke the ice with a heel-tap. 
Springtime brought the birds ; a pheasant's nest by the wayside, 
Hidden among the leaves, was not overlooked by the schoolboy. 
Jackson's Brook had its trout; arbutus bloomed in profusion. 
Hemlocks filled the glen ; and the l^rook was swelled by the waters 
Pumped from the Millen Mine when times were good and the forges 
Called for iron ore and the miner's hands were kept busy. 
Those were the days of thrift, plain fare and plenty ; each household 
Kept its cow in the big boggy pasture ; the children at evening 
Had great bowls of milk — reward for bringing the cows home. 
When the panic came and times grew hard you could scarcely 
Find a stick of wood on the forest floor; all were gathered. 
Tied in faggots and brought by the children home for the winter. 
One slight lad or lass would carry a hundredweight, staggering 
Under the load through the woodland paths, to replenish the woodpile. 
Bassett came, and the cows that once were kept by each household 
Now gave way to a herd of western cattle ; the milkman 
Called at each door betimes, and his bell, with its insistent clangor, 
Summoned the housewife, where once she heard a musical tinkle 
Telling of one home-coming cow with udder full for the milking. 

ON POETRY 
Dear Readers : 

I have invited several persons to co-operate with me in keeping up 
this column, but at the present moment I am without an article for the 
next issue of THE INDEX. However. I can always fill a column with 
poetry, if all else fails. (Call it verse if you prefer.) I can assure you 
that some serious matters are receiving attention ; but now let us turn to 
poetr}-. 

In the first place I should be pleased to know whether you regard 
poetry as a serious matter or not. For my part, I am and always have 
been a lover of Mother Goose. I have a large edition of Mother Goose 
containing all varieties of nonsense verses, many of them traced back for 
centuries l)y students of folklore. 'ihere is something about these 
rhymes and jingles and their non-chalant style of wit and humor and 



68 

sheer nonsense that is quite refreshing to the mind after reading Caesar's 
Commentaries on the GalHc War. I feel that Mother Goose is full of 
poetry and that Caesar's Commentaries are not. If Caesar had written 
the Commentaries in poetry perhaps there would have been fewer Gauls 
slaughtered and fewer sold into slavery. He might have "had a heart" 
or might have charmed the enemy into willing submission by means of 
the gentle art. 

Many of us had the pleasure last week of hearing our distinguished 
neighbor, Hudson Maxim of Lake Hopatcong, deliver a lecture on 
poetry, saying that real poetry is suffused with emotion and possesses a 
transcendent quality which lifts it above the regions of common sense 
and mathematics into the realms of figurative and imaginative speech to 
such a degree that, if judged by mere common sense, it would appear 
to be sheer nonsense. Whether it was his intention to include Mother 
Goose rhymes under this definition of poetry, I am not so sure. From 
one point of view it would seem that nonsense is not always poetry, and 
from another point of view we are told that real poetry is always non- 
sense. Paul speaks of "the foolishness of preaching," and Mr. Maxim 
declares in effect that there is likewise a "foolishness of poetry." Quite 
right. He hit the nail on the head and yet he had no hammer and nails 
on the stage. 

I have often tried to get my friends to tell me whether I wrote 
poetry or verse, but critics are inadequate to the task. Some have said 
frankly that my verse was prose, but very good prose. One should not 
take offense at sincere and kindly criticism. Malicious and spiteful 
remarks are apt to wound the feelings of sensitive persons, but that is 
another matter. We can all welcome the search for truth. And this 
topic is now receiving wide-spread attention. I acknowledge that I 
do often write verse, slightly removed from prose, and then again a 
little more removed, and I have felt like testing the critics quite as Mr. 
Maxim did by his shrewd device, but on a different line. So many 
higher critics are ready to assure us just which play Shakespeare wrote 
first and which last, v/hich epistle Paul wrote first and which last, that I 
wonder if they could pronounce judgment with equal infalbbility upon 
my writings. In my case I have dated all my manuscripts, so that my 
heirs may be able to check up the critics in their conclusions. The critics 
would have been spared much worriment if Shakespeare had been equally 
thoughtful. 

But I must not pursue this discussion too far or as far as half a 
century of research would enable me to do, with quotations from the 
Greek, the Latin, the Germans, French, modern English and Old Eng- 
lish, and dialects thrown in. This column is dedicated to "Dover Dates." 
Let me add a few poems written by Dover poets and see if anyone can 
tell whether these specimens are verse or poetry and who wrote them and 
whether written early in life or at the end or middle of a career. Inci- 
dentally they illustrate the history and the poetic art of Dover, and 
Valentine's Day is coming. 



69 

PROSE AND POETRY 

Call it music, call it magic, 

Call it what you may ; 
Be the story grim and tragic, 

Be it blithe and gay ; 
When the poet tells it. somehow. 

Words will dance along : 
"Ho!" they seem to carol, "Come now! 

Listen to our song !" 

More than plodding words, they tingle 

Now with tune and time, 
As they cunningly commingle 

Sound and sense and rhyme. 
Prose may trudge through shine or vapor 

To the journey's end; 
But the poet cuts a caper, 

I^Iakes the world his friend. 

Is it cadence, rhyme or meter — 

Fancy's imag'ry? 
Something makes a music sweeter — 

Swaying melody ! 
Miracle of art, transcending 

Common sense ; sublime. 
Inspiration mounts, ascending 

Heights prose cannot climb. 

TO MY MOTHER 

My Mother, I've been wont to dream 
An hour away, of some fair stream, 

Or tranquil sea — 
Of flowery fields, with the soft gleam 

Of stars on me: 
To-night I have a dearer theme — 

It is of thee! 

Thou hast been here as though alone, 
While I so far from thee have flown 

On Fancy's wing ! 
But not forgotten. Mother dear, 
Thou art the first whom I revere, 

While wandering. 
I'll stay to-night, thy heart to cheer, 

And tribute bring. 



70 



I have no jewels nor broad lands, 
No gold to bring thy aged hands, 

Nor laces fine. 
Had I the gem's of Afric's sands, 

They should be thine. 
I bring my heart and love's warm smile, 
And faithful hands to help thee while 

Thy days derline. 

A SONG OF DOVER 

O DOVER dear, thou art our light, 

Our hope for future days, 
And here within thy tranquil heart 

We'll always chant thy praise. 
To thee we dedicate our lives, 

O town of true delight. 
To seek the day and shun the dark 

By justice, peace, and right. 

Long may'st thou live, O Dover, fair 

With vale and verdant hill ; 
Thy charms, thy moods, thy rustic scenes, 

Our hearts with rapture thrill 
Time's fleeting hours we'll ever use 

To make a heaven on earth 
And cherish, thought we far may roam. 

Thy name of noble worth. 

So on through life, O Dover dear, 

Thou'Il still remembered be, 
And Time shall but more closely bind 

Our heart of hearts to thee. 
No storm shall turn thee from thy course 

Where dauntless virtue leads, 
For we shall e'er be by thy side 

With good and noble deeds. 

DAVIE FINKEL 

There's a lad named Davie Finkel 

And his eyes are all a-twinkle. 
As he joins the lads and lassies from Mt. ^ reedom far away, 

When they ride to school each morning. 

Eager for the bright adorning 
fhat the Dover High bestows upon its pupils blithe and gay. 



71 

While the stars are still a-twinkle, 

He must rise, this Davie Finkel, 
Feed the cattle and the chickens — snatch a bite for Davie, too ; 

Then get ready for a sleighride, 

For a jingling, tingling gay ride 
In the carry-all for Dover with its merry-hearted crew. 

You can hear the cowbells tinkle, 

As you ride with Davie Finkel 
Past the pastures and the meadows in the merry month of May. 

And the lads and lassies merry 

Vie with bloom of peach and cherry, 
As they breathe the spicy fragrance of the orchards by the way. 

Yes, when April showers sprinkle 

Fields and flowers, Davie Finkel 
Loves to hail the curtained coach that comes to carry him to town ; 

And he smiles his smile so cheery. 

Spite of breezes bleak and dreary, 
When the winter suns so early with the mercury go down. 

Who can say what Davie Finkel, 

With those snappy eyes a-twinkle, 
May become when time has added magic of the passing years ; 

Be he business man or farmer, 

He must buckle on his armor 
And sturdily stand for the right, triumphant over fears. 

And when time has added wrinkles 

To his brow, some little Finkels 
May be calling him "Dear Grandpa !" as they climb upon his knee. 

Oh, we never know what's coming, 

While the wheels of time are humming 
And the years go rolling, rolling, rolling over you and me ! 

FORD'S POND 

In our town on a warm Spring day 
The children, busy with their play, 
Flock to their favorite playmate fond. 
Dearest of all— BILLY FORD'S POND. 

BILLY FORD knows many a game — 
You may have heard of his wondrous fame — 
"Robinson Crusoe," "Digging for Pearls," 
Sailing rafts to terrify girls. 



72 



Fishing and swimming are the games BILL can play. 
And even others on a cold winter day , 
Then grown folks with hockey club vigorously skate 
And worship old BILL for a winter playmate. 

But in the summertime, sad to behold, 

Poor old BILL'S fate is sad to be told ; 

For then his vacation he takes for months always, 

And drains far away till the colder days. 

The reason is, BILL'S constitution so light 
Simply can't stand the mosquitoes' keen bite; 
But we hope sincerely that the town will endeavor 
To keep poor old BILL in their memory forever. 



TO MY MUSE 

My heart delights in freedom most 
When fettered close to thee ; 

For then it can an Eden boast 
Of true felicity. 

Then from my mind the shackles fall 
Of irksome, dull constraint; 

Then voices from my kingdom call 
And banish sad complaint. 

Then I can be myself, can feel 

Myself a living soul ; 
Then Love's sweet magic doth reveal 

The joy that makes life whole. 



73 

FROM MY PORCH 

(An Address to the Port Oram Social and Literary Club, delivered 
July 31, 1919, by Charles D. Piatt.) 

From my perch on my porch, as I lift up my eyes 
To the hills in the North, two great chimney stacks rise ; 
Above the horizon line darkly they show 
While a huge slag-heap gray stretches out just below; 
5 And off to the westward, half-hid 'mid the trees. 

Is the village of WHARTON, as snug as you please; 
Not a summer resort, but some good folks live there 
Who know how to husband their earnings with care — 
Hardworking, intelligent; that's where you'll find 

ID THE PORT ORAM SOCIAL AND LIT'RARY CLUB: 
There they meet every Thursday to tune up the mind. 
Get their thoughts off of shop and their hands from the tub. 
There their wise men and women discuss and debate 
The welfare of nations, grave problems of state, 

15 And how this old Universe ought to be run — 
Yes, all that is, has been, or yet shall be done. 
They study and ponder, with searching of hearts — 
The arts, science, statecraft, the poets, the marts. 
Believe me. good friends. I'm propounding no joke. 

20 Those chimney stacks, crowned with a halo of smoke, 

Mark the great WHARTON FURNACE, where tons upon tons 

Of iron are extracted from ore — see ! it runs 

White-hot into molds ; hear the solid bars clink, 

In the night, as they fall into cars; and then think, 

25 As you watch the hot metal from huge cauldrons pour. 
How those same little pigs helped to win the great war; 
How skyscrapers, tunnels, plows, dreadnoughts, airplanes. 
And hammers and hatchets and jackknives and nails 
Are born from iron ore by the help of man's brains 

30 And the hands, hard and grimy, that tote dinner pails. 
At night all the sky is lit up by the glare. 
The flare and the glare of the dumpheap up there. 
When the slag, glowing hot, is thrown out: years ago, 
I wondered, in Morristown, seeing that glow, 

35 At the outburst of glory, so sudden, so bright, 
That flares up and quivers and shivers and thrills 
From WHARTON, way back in the North Jersey hills. 
— Even so the bright gleam of this CLUB that meets here 
Shines forth like a beacon of hope, far and near. 

40 A pillar of cloud from these smokestacks by day 
Rises up to the sky and anon drifts away; 
And a pillar of fire from the slagheap at night 
Starts me up out of bed to behold the weird sight. 
So we people in DOVER see there in the North 



74 



45 The portents of work and of wages gleam forth; 
Bright days of Prosperity ride on the cloud 
That darkens the landscape, but brings in the crowd, 
Till our trolleys are thronged and our merchants rejoice 
And fill up their shops with all merchandise choice : 

50 Keen for the NEW ERA, with far-reaching eye, 
In vision they see it from WHARTON draw nigh. 
Such visions I see from my house on the hill, 
In DOVER, as, scanning the landscape, I muse 
On the map spread before me — the iron mine, the mill, 

55 The factory, shop, store — I cannot refuse 

My blessing upon them — the schoolhouse, the church, 
The homes of the people ; through all these I search. 
Is this fairyland here? — and you answer — "No, no!" 
But a scene full of meaning I see spread below. 

60 These homes swarm with children, young lives spring up here, 
And fill the whole landscape with hope and with cheer, 
Like ore from the mines, precious ore, soon to be 
Transformed into men, women, happy and free ; 
Into workmen, workwomen, and fathers and mothers, 

65 Into storekeepers, teachers and preachers and others, 
All made from this ore that comes out of the homes 
That you see from my porch as your eye widely roams. 
And there in the offing lies WHARTON, you know, 
And the PORT ORAM SOCIAL AND LIT'RARY CLUB 
That meets in the schoolhouse — 'tis there I must go, 

70 Getting out of my own philosophical tub. 

And talk about POETRY, POETRY, PO— 

Yes, POETRY, under the shadow, almost, 

Of those stark, sooty stacks that seem built up to roas' 

The stars in the heavens. Now what can they know 

75 Of POETRY, over in WHARTON ?— Hello ! 

A program ! Let's see ! 'Tis their twenty-third year ; 

Organized, '96; wonder how I will fit 

In with all this exhibit of culture? — See here! 

A pure feast of reason, a menu of wit 

80 And wisdom is temptingly served a la Mill; 

And current events have their place, as you will. 
(These people are adepts; this looks like high art!) 
Peace Treaty discussion by Ely, Rosevear ; 
(These men are old stagers and critics, I fear.) 

85 Art Lecture by Miiller, Hopatcong — yes, yes ! 
(The father of two of my pupils, I guess.) 
(This dish Mrs. Ely of DOVER prepared: 
Ah, so! woman's wit in this orgy has shared!) 
The World War, its lessons, by Beams, Elmer E., 

90 And Smith, Ryan, Williams (my schoolboys I see 

Among these old heads). Why, this looks rather nice! 



75 

A Scotch nifjht with Hunter — the chef. Dr. Kice; 
Del>ate, Bolshevism — Hart, Spargo & Co. 
(Surely these are the names of good people I know.) 
The Philippines — ladies' night — Totten and Ely 

'95 ( The women are getting intelligent — really ! ) 

The POETS — Walt Whitman, Lanier — here the preacher 
Is paired off with Beeman — the preacher and teacher : 
While Labor and Capital call for debate 
By Dorfman and Williams (they're right u])-to-date). 

300 American Music by Mrs. Duquette, 

Arranged a la Totten (Art. music — what next!) 
Then Poland and Slavic Republics. Serbs. Greeks, 
The Balkans, by Rosevear and Honeychurch, Fred. 
(With great fear and trembling these measures I tread, 

105 Like a Will o' the Wisp flitting 'round mountain peaks). 

Ould Oireland by Ryan, A. M. (That's our "Andy." 
There's no one in WHARTON with blarney so handy!) 
And China. Japan — how related — dear me ! 

no I never can measure my wits with those three. 

With Rosevear, and Honeychurch, Ryan — that's Andy, 
And C. Stanley Smith from Pahree, the Jim Dandy ! 
My Muse is not growing too giddy, I trust. 
As she zig-zags about in this presence august; 

115 But now she must look for a landing and try 

To come down to earth as she drops from the sky. 
We've made a wide survey — how fast the sands run 
And we all want to hear from our friend Robinson. 
(They say that he knows all our poets; was raised 

120 Right where they grew up — all the Muses be praised! 
But this time I'll stump him: he never has heard 
This poem I've read you to-night — mark my word!) 

THE PORT ORAM SOCIAL AWD LITERARY CLUB 

The Port Oram Social and Literary Club, founded by citizens of 
Wharton, formerly Port Oram, meets regularly every week in the 
schoolhouse at Wharton. While our neighbors may rightly claim the 
honor of originating and maintaining this unique institution, we of 
Dover, yielding to kindly persuasion and invitation, find ourselves mak- 
ing occasional visits, appearing as gnests on "festal nights," and even 
becoming regular members of the P. O. S. and L. C. 

And we observe, too, that members from Wharton come to Dover 
to shop or to earn their livelihood ; so we may fairly claim that the 
progress and prosi>erity of this lyceum calls for recognition in our 
"Dover Dates." The institution is part of our environment, and we are 



76 

part of its environment. You all know how much emphasis is placed 
upon "environment" by recent science. And the fact of our interdepend- 
ence was clearly shown on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the club. 

In giving brief sketches of Dover's environment we cannot do better 
than select this club to represent Wharton, a neighbor with whom we 
have been intimately associated in industrial enterprise, in trade, in edu- 
cation and social life. 

The following verses, written at the request of the P. O. S. and 
L. C. give some inkling of the scope and aims of that society. 

TO THE PORT ORAM SOCIAL AND LITERARY CLUB, ON 

THEIR TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 

DECEMBER 29, 1921 

You ask me to write, as if asking were all 

That is needed to bring forth a poem ; one Paul 

Wrote letters, in prose, to commend or to warn ; 

Words weighty with wisdom in such guise were born : 

One Horace, in verse his shrewd sentiments penned, 

Invoking the Muse due assistance to lend 

That truth might with suavity graciously blend 

And charm while it healed ; but my task is less stern ; 

No reproof is my theme ; as your guest may I learn 

On this glad festal date v/hat attractions unite 

Such various minds and vocations to-night. 

What holds you together in brotherhood kindly 

Through storms of debate and discussion? Not blindly 

For twenty-five years have you triumphed, been humbled. 

While o'er the world's problems you've vaulted and tumbled ; 

No, some inspiration of wisdom must guide you ; 

I hear of no heartburns that vex and divide you. 

You strive in sham battles and thus learn the art 

Of striving, while brotherly love rules the heart 

You cherish the Muses, you fence ofif a space 

Where mind grapples mind, where man sharpens man's face ; 

Where knowledge grows gracious and sparkles serene 

In the light of good fellowship — friendship your queen ! 

You circle and soar in the vast empyrean 

Of "whate'er is lovely" — a jaunt Cyclopean! 

You keep, 'mid life's turmoil, an hour set apart 

For things of the spirit, for joys of the heart; 

For "communion of saints" you put "converse of friends," 

A cordial that many of life's ailments mends. 

While not of your number who meet every week, 

I hear that you have a most sociable clique. 

Your latchstring is out, as I read on your card, 

And you chant the refrain of a popular bard : 

"Why don't you come over and play m our yard? 

We'll make you right welcome — no dragon on guard !" 



77 



And so you draw in, to your playground of reason, 
The parson, the doctor, and call it no treason 
To gather all parties — religious, political — 
Beneath your one tent — a commixture oft critical. 

One secret of yours I've discovered; you find 

A vent for the fads that oft weigh on the mind. 

"Out with it !" you cry ; "tell your story ! Express 

The innermost thoughts of your true inwardness ! 

The birth-pangs of genius oft cause sad distress 

When no fit occasion is found to express 

The heart's fond desire or its shy, secret leaning 

To something that gives this dull life a real meaning. 

A fancy, a bee in the bonnet, a hobby 

Demands some seance where one gets hob-a-nobby. 

True, business is business, and has the first claim, 

But shop is not all of life's various game. 

Suppressed and restricted forever, one pines 

For moments when pleasure with duty combines. 

Even saints may default, if they never give way 

To the God-given impulse that cheers work with play. 

Like the boy on an errand, who trundles a hoop. 

Forgetting to grumble — play's light-hearted dupe. 

So gladness enlivens this dark vale of tears 

When mind finds its fellow, and fellowship cheers.' 

Yes, such is the argument that you present 

To coax the wayfarer to enter your tent. 

The banker, the merchant, the teacher, all meet 

On terms of equality, each glad to greet 

His neighbor and learn how to speak out in meeting, 

Stand up, face the folks, do his bit, take a beating — 

If need be — in argument; gain savoir faire, 

An art that is useful in life everywhere. 

You canvass great questions, deep problems you probe ; 

In fancy you travel all over the globe ; 

You love wit and humor, new books you review ; 

In science you delve to learn how the world grew. 

On labor and capital topics you shed 

The light of your wisdom, without seeing red. 

You scan the horizon for signs of that age 

When Mars and his minions no longer shall rage. 

You reach for the moon — for art, music and learning; 

Infinity bafiles, conceit yields to yearning. 

But where am I wandering, chasing my rhyme. 

As the boy does his hoop, and forgetting the time ! 

I'm dazzled, perchance, by the welcoming light 



78 

That beams from each face on this rare festal night- 
But now, lest I wander too far and too long, 
Let me here make an end of my gad-about song. 

May the spirit of fellowship, letters and learnmg 
Abide with you ever, fulfill all your yearning ! 
December, 192 1. 

SCENES FROM HURDTOWN 
LEFEVRE— ARTIST 

A dark, damp day and dark, drear thoughts — 

Do you ever feel that way? 

But the mind may choose its own weather, it may. 
And defy these Juggernauts. 

So I search the sky of the realms where 1 

Resort when I rise above 
Life's petty care with its stifling air 

And think of the things I love. 

A schoolboy's name let me now acclaim, 

A Dover schoolboy, he ; 
Let me touch in rhyme one who, for a time, 

Went to school to "Miss Magie." 

For Miss Magie was a power when she 

Taught school in days gone by ; 
I can't say more, right here, friends, for 

I must stick to my text — that's why. 

My text is a lad whose heart was glad 
When he roamed the wildwood free ; 

.And this Jersey boy found hope and joy 
In the things that he could see. 

In the stony field he could see revealed 

A beauty passing fair ; 
And our rugged hills with their rippling rills 

Were enough to banish care. 

He felt the call to harvest all 

This beauty everywhere ; 
So he sketched and etched what his fancy fetched 

From scenes where all seemed bare. 



79 

His own heart chose — not the lovely rose, 

But the barnyard and the field, 
The rustic bridge and the stony ridge 

And the cowpond fast congealed. 

"A Windy Day," and the sheep astray, 
Or the cows in the pasture lot ; 
Or the old ox-team caught his fancy's gleam, 
Or a lowly rural cot 

But to Madame Low he made his bow, 

His very best bow, indeed , 
He found more cheer in her eye sincere 

Than some folks find in their creed. 

"Unvmg Home the Cows." and Cows, Cows, Cows! 

"At the Pond," "Eating Apples"— Oh ! 
He portrayed cows with their gnarly brows 

In clover and in snow. 

He schooled his heart to learn high art 

By finding close at hand 
Some glint of the gleam that makes Earth seem — 

Right here — a Holy Land. 

DOVER AND THE GREATER NEW YORK 

Once a remote mmmg hamlet on the frontier. Dover now finds itself 
within the rim of that expanding commercial wheel of which New York 
City is the hub. From the New York papers of May, iq2J, we learn 
that a far-reaching scheme for bettering New York and environs is 
being promoted by the Russell Sage Foundation. The intention is to 
guide the future construction engineering works of this densely popu- 
lated area included within a radius of fifty miles of the metropolis. 

Dover is well within this circle, being thirty miles west of the 
upper end of Manhattan Island. This fifty-mile circuit is said to contain 
9,000.000 persons now. with the prospect of having 16,000.000 in the 
next twenty-five years. The people within this area constitute one of 
the world's greatest markets, having a large per capita purchasing power 
distributed over a vast variety of products. 

Four surveys planned : 

I. Economic and industrial. Fundamental reasons for the exist- 
ence of this great center. 



So 

2. Physical. Mapping out all natural and constructed features. 

3. Legal. Three states are involved. Shore rights, under-water 
rights, city maps. 

4. Social and living conditions, housing and home conditions. 
By comprehensive planning it is hoped to avoid much of the waste 

that results from haphazard development. 

It is evident that Dover will become an active partner in this huge 
metropolitan corporation, contributing to the progressive result as well 
as receiving many advantages from her relation to this great cosmopoli- 
tan community of our Atlantic seaboard. 

DOVER AND PENNSYLVANIA 

Dover, from early times, touched the hem of William Penn's gar- 
ment, if we may so allude to his "returns" of land. And many people 
have come to Dover from Pennsylvania or Pennsylwania, as some pro- 
nounce it. There has been more or less of a flow of migration and visi- 
tation back and forth, assisted by highways, the canal, and our two 
railroads. (Some of our people, too, are conversant with Pennsylvania 
Dutch.) 

New industrial possibilities of this connection have been recently 
pointed out in the public press and in circulars of investment issued by 
the New Jersey Power and Light Company. Electric power may be 
brought, in time, from the great rivers and coal fields of Pennsylvania, 
they tell us, to be applied to railroads and industries. Such are the 
projects entertained by the Super-power Trunk Line. 

We gather from "The Newark News," of May 17, 1922, that the 
New Jersey Power and Light Company, together with the Metropolitan 
and Pennsylvania Edison Companies are subsidiaries of the General 
Gas and Electric Company under the management of the W. S. Barstow 
Management Association of New York. 

It is proposed to build a dam across the Delaware river below Eas- 
ton in the near future and construct an electric plant capable of generat- 
ing 200,000 kilowatt. Our Dover plant has a capacity of 7,000 kilowatt. 
It can be reinforced when necessary. 

Another high power plant is planned for York Haven on the Sus- 
quehanna, to be connected with Reading and Easton. 

The puffing and panting of the locomotive may cease to resound 
through our narrow valley. 

Dover is a distributing center of this new industrial force in 
Northern New Jersey. Our great industrials are already operating by 
electricity. 

Consider, then, Dover's strategic position : on the one hand the 
influx of power from Pennsylvania, equal to our future industrial 
demands; and on the other hand the great purchasing market of the 
Greater New York, not to mention the world-wide outlets of Port 
Newark and New York Harbor, so near at hand. 



PART III 
Municipal and Civic Institutions 



83 

1922 MANUAL OF THE TOWN OF DOVER 

Morris County, New Jersey 

(Incorporated, April i, 1869) 

CENSUS 

1900 National 5>938 

1910 National 7,468 

191 5 State 8,971 

1920 National 9>8i7 

MUNICIPAL BOARD 
Mayor 

Hon. William H. Hosking Jan., 1924 

Aldermen 
First Ward — 

Etta C. Searing Jan., 1923 

Arling M. MacFall Ian., 1924 

Second Ward — 

James T. Kerr Jan., 1925 

J. Willard Farrow Jan., 1924, 

Third Ward— 

Floyd S. Carling Jan., 1923 

Ralph B. Dunham Jan., 1924 

Fourth Ward — 

Samuel H. Francis Jan., 1923 

Simon C. Hume Jan., 1924 

Meets every second Monday — 8 p. m. 

STANDING COMMITTEES 

Finance 

Farrow Searing MacFall 

Streets and Highways 
Hume Kerr Dunham 

Insurance, Printing and Elections 
Carling Dunham Francis 

Fire Department and Street Lighting 
Kerr Carling Searing 

Police Department 
Dunham Farrow Hume 

Officers and Salaries 
MacFall Hume Francis 

Licenses 
Searing Carling Kerr 

Ordinances 

Francis Farrow MacFall 

District Taxes ( Advisory j 

Mayor and Board of Aldermen 



«4 

OFFICERS ; 

Clerk 

Jos. V. Baker Jan., 1925 

Chas. A. Gillen, Deputy 
Treasurer 

John Moller Jan., 1925 

Assessor of Taxes 

-Leonard Elliott July, 1925 

Collector of Taxes 

^Richard L. Maloney Jan., 1925 

Town Attorney 

Charles S. Cooper Jan., 1923 

Town Surveyor 

Raymond Sharp Jan., 1923 

Street Commissioner 

'Charles A. Nelson Jan., 1924 

Building Inspector 

^Charles A. Nelson Jan., 1923 

Police Justice 

William Gardner Jan., 1924 

Overseer of the Poor 

William Gardner Jan., 1927 

Police Surgeon 

Augustus L. L. Baker, M.D Jan., 1923 

Keeper Public Pound 

William J. Parker Jan., 1923 

Keeper Municipal Building 

L. Briant Hedden Jan., 1923 

Auditor of Accounts 

Floyd M. Diehl July, 1922 

Child Hygiene Nurse 
Mrs. Mabel E. French Jan., 1922 

DEPARTMENT OF POLICE 

Charles U. Counterman Chief 

John W. Hart Lieutenant 

.John T. Gallagher Sergeant 

Motorcycle Police 
Harry C. Fine George Youmans 

P.\TROLMEN 

James T. Hart Walter D. Burns 

DEPARTMENT OF FIRE 
Engineers 
"Geo. ~B. Carhart, Chief 

Manchus H. Hann, ist Ass't 

Charles W. White, 2nd Ass't 

Otto A. Marquard, 3rd Ass't 



85 



Operators 
Jacob Nichols, Chief J. L. Corey, Ass't 

Reliefs 
A. H. Goodale C. E. Ripley. Jr. H. VV. Squires 



DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 

Members 

George F. Steffany Jan., 1923 

Edna E. Fogarty (Mrs. T. R.) Jan., 1923 

William G. Hummel, Pres Jan., 1924 

Augustus J. Lauenstein Jan., 1924 

William F. Costello, M.D Jan., 1925 

John G. Taylor. Health Officer and Reg. V. S. 

Win. H. Tonking. Sec'y-Treas. Martin E. Alpers, Bacteriologist 

Meets every fourth Monday — 8 p. m. 



FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY 

Trustees 

Charles D. Piatt, A. M Jan., 1923 

Lucy Killgore (Mrs. Robt.) Jan., 1924 

Grace Neighbour (Mrs. E. D.) Jan., 1925 

Dennis B. O'Brien, Pres Jan., 1926 

Louis Harris Jan., ic>27 

Mayor of Dover Superintendent of Public Schools, Ex-officio 

Martha A. Burnet, Librarian (Secretary) 

Nina E. Woodhull, Ass't Librarian 

Mildred Powers, Sub. Librarian 

Meets every first Friday — 8 p. m. 



SHADE TREE COMMISSION 

Commissioners 

Charles H. ]\Iunson 

Edward D. Neighbor, Sec'y 

Peter C. Buck. President 

Meets every second Wednesday — i p. m. 



an., 1924 
an., 1925 
an., 1926 



SINKING FUND COMMISSION 

Commissioners 

Charles S. Clark Jan., 1923 

Sanford C. Gerard, Sec'y Jan., 1924 

Howard H. King, President Jan., 1925 

Mayor of Dover Ex-ofUcio 

Town Treasurer Ex-ofUcio 

Jos. V. Baker, Clerk John Moller, Treas. 

Meets first v.eek in January and on call 



86 

DEPARTMENT OF WATER 
Commissioners 

Emil Heller Jan., 1923 

Charles W. White Jan., 1924 

George F. Steffany, Pres Jan., 1925 

Jos. V. Baker, Clerk John MoUer, Treas. 

William M. Hedden, Superintendent 

Meets every second Wednesday — 8 p. m. 



BOARD OF SEWERAGE 

Commissioners 

Edward Kelly, President 

Edward M. Searing John K. Cook 

Michael F. Mullen, Secretary 

Meets on call of President 



BOARD OF EDUCATION 

Arthur W. Condict, M.D., Pres Feb., 1923 

Henry Heiman Feb., 1923 

Estella Totten (Mrs. Leo) Feb., 1923 

William L. R. Lynd Feb., 1924 

Emil G. Kattermann Feb., 1924 

Lenore D. Allen (Mrs. Jos. L.) Feb., 1924 

Coleridge H. Benedict, Dist. Clerk Feb., 1925 

William Otto Feb., 1925 

John D. B. Vreeland Feb., 1925 

Roswe.ll S. Bovvlby, Supt. of Schools 
Meets every first Tuesday — 8 p. m. 



87 

MAYORS OF DOVER, 1869-1922 

Town of Dover, Incorporated April i, 1869 

First Mayor aiid Council 

George Richards, Mayor 1869-1871 

James H. Neighbour, Recorder. . . , , 1869-1871 

Ephraim Lindsley, Alderman 1869-1871 

Mahlon H. Dickerson, Alderman 1869-1871 

Thomas J. Halsey, Common Councilman 1869-1871 

Daniel G. Wiggins, Common Councilman 1 869-1 871 

Alpheus Beemer, Common Councilman 1 869-1 871 

Martin V. B. Searing, Common Councilman 1869-1871 

William H. McDavit, Common Councilman 1869-1871 

Mayors folloitnng 

Anson G. P. Segur, Mayor 1871-1873 

George Richards, Mayor 1873-1887 

Sedgwick R. Bennett. Mayor 1887-1891 

Horace L. Dunham, Mayor 1891-1893 

George McCracken, Mayor 1893-1895 

Ferdinand V. Wolfe, Mayor 1895-1896 

Town of Dover changed to City of Dover — May 4, 1896: 

George Pierson, Mayor 1897-1899 

George A. Ray nor, City Councilman (Chairman) 

John A. Lyon, City Councilman 

John H. Stumpf, City Councilman 

George B. Carhart, City Councilman 

City of Dover and officials ousted from office March 21, 1899, the 
former government taking control, Ferdinand V. Wolfe assuming his 
office as Mayor. 

Ferdinand \'. Wolfe, Mayor 1899-1899 

Frederick H. Beach, Mayor 1899-1901 

Harry S. Peters, Mayor 1901-1903 

Isaac W. Searing, Mayor 1903-1906 

George Pierson, Mayor 1906-1910 

John Mulligan, Mayor 1910-1914 

William L. R. Lynd, Mayor 1914-1916 

Richard W. Whitham, Mayor 1916-1920 

Pursuant to an Ordinance adopted May 26, 1919, the governing 
body attained the designation of Mayor and Board of Aldermen. 

William L. R. Lynd, Mayor 1920-1922 

William H. Hosking, Mayor 1922- 

Floyd S. Carling, Alderman 

Ralph B. Dunham, Alderman 

J. Willard Farrow, Alderman 

Samuel H. Francis, Aldennan 

Simon C. Hume, Aldennan 

James T. Kerr, Alderman 

Arling M. MacFall, Alderman 

Etta C. Searling, Alderman 



88 

THE DOVER POLICE FORCE 

For the first twenty years of the twentieth century Ethelbert Byram 
was Dover's efficient Chief of Police. He is now Sheriff of Morris 
County and resides in Morristown. 

In November, 1921, Charles U. Counterman, after ten years of 
experience on the Dover police force, was appointed Chief of Police. 
Other officers of the police force are Lieutenant John Hart; Sergeant 
John Gallagher; Harry Fine and George Youmans, motorcyclists; 
James Hart and Walter Burns, patrolmen ; and forty-two special police- 
men. Special policemen are also employed by the banks. 

For three years the local police department had a one hundred 
per cent, record for efficiency. 

Among the usual duties of the police are the oversight of school 
children at street crossings at noon and at the close of the school day, 
especially at the Northside school and at the corner of Blackwell and 
Sussex streets. On holidays it is part of their duty to handle the 
crowds and keep traffic moving without accidents. 

The police office is in the municipal building on Sussex street. A 
police court is at hand and cells for persons under arrest are close by, 
where such persons may be confined for twenty-four hours. For longer 
periods of detention the law requires them to be taken to the county jail 
at Morristown. 

Across the street from the new municipal building, on the south side 
of the canal, may be seen a little old room of detention that for many 
years served as the local "jug." Even when there were no human occu- 
pants of this apartment it had numerous inhabitants, they say, who were 
always eager to welcome a new "boarder." 

For a town of its size Dover has provided very limited accommo- 
dations for law-breakers. 

Charles U. Counterman, our chief of police, has been elected a 
member of the National Police Conference, which is under Federal 
authority and maintained by Federal funds. A national police bureau 
is to be located at Washington, D. C, to receive, compile and investigate 
police information and criminal intelligence throughout the country. The 
bureau is to conduct studies and make recommendations upon the stan- 
dardization of police methods and procedure throughout the country, 
aiming also to make street and highway traffic regulations more effective. 

The safeguarding of the public upon streets and roads is becoming 
a subject that demands much of the time of a police force. The study 
of criminology is another department of their work that is being recog- 
nized as a special department of psychology and physiognomy, if not 
genealogy. Many special magazines and treatises are being published' 
upon such subjects and an up-to-date police department might be 
expected to have a library all its own, equipped with the growing litera- 
ture of the subject, from Victor Hugo's "Jean Valjean" to the latest 
study of finger-prints of men and the nose-prints of cattle. 



«9 

For the six months ending July first, 1922, the Dover Police 
Department has a record of "93 per cent, efficient." Improvements 
costing over $400 have been made in the rooms of the Department. 

THE POLICE COURT 

The jurisdiction of the Police Justice of the Municipal Court of 
the Town of Dover. New Jersey, is indicated as follows : 

To hear all criminal complaints of acts committed within the muni- 
cipality, holding offenders to bail or committing them to await the action 
of the Grand Jurj'. 

To enforce all Ordinances of the Town of Dover and local Board 
of Health. To try and determine such cases and fine or imprison upon 
conviction. 

To enforce all Motor Vehicle and Traffic violations committed with- 
in the Town of Dover. 

To solemnize marriages. 

Jurisdiction over Fish and Game Violations committed in the 
County. 

To compel persons who make threats to give sureties to keep the 
peace. 

To hear all complaints of children being incorrigible, paroling then> 
or committing them to await trial by the Juvenile Court in Morristown. 

To deal with deserters of families, vagrancy, disorderly persons,, 
cruelty to animals, and cruelty to children. 

William Gardner, Police Justice. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 

There may be a Justice of the Peace in each ward of any town 
to represent the county in criminal matters ; but offenses committed 
within the corporation are subject to the jurisdiction of the Police 
Court. The Justice of the Peace holds preliminary hearings in crim- 
inal matters of his jurisdiction and binds over the parties to appear 
before the Grand Jury. Justice of the Peace is a constitutional office, 
while the Police Court is statutory. The Justice of the Police court 
is appointed by the Council for five years. The Justices of the Peace 
are elected by the County for a term of five years. They take office 
May first, after the general election and are sworn in, giving a bond 
for $2,000. 

John H. Martin is Justice of the Peace for Dover in 1922. His 
office is in Sussex street. 

CONSTABLES 

There are now six Constables in Dover: George Youmans, 
Charles Parker, William Parker, Isador Less, A. Judson Coe, Joseph 
Voelker. They are elected by the County and can make arrests on 
the warrant of any Justice of the Peace in any part of Morris County. 



.90 

In order to follow a criminal in other counties the warrant may be 
indorsed over to Justices in such county ; but offenders must be tried 
in the county where the offense was committed. Constables must 
now give bonds for $i,ooo. 



THE DISTRICT COURT 

The Second Judicial District Court of the County of Morns was 
established by special act of the Legislature in 1918 and is controlled by 
an act of the Legislature entitled, "An Act Concerning District Courts," 
passed in 1898. The territorial jurisdiction of every district court is 
co-extensive with the limits of the county in which it is established and 
it has jurisdiction of every suit of a civil nature at law or to recover any 
penalty imposed or authorized by any law of this state where the debt, 
balance, penalty, damage or other matter in dispute does not exceed, 
exclusive of costs, the sum or value of $500. District Courts also have 
jurisdiction in proceedings between landlords and tenants and in actions 
of forcible entry and detainer, and in actions of replevin, and in attach- 
ment, as provided in the above mentioned act and in such other cases 
as are now or may hereafter be provided by law. Special jurisdiction is 
given district courts under various statutes as, for instance, Agriculture, 
Biological Products, Carriers, Cattle Pasturing, Employment of Chil- 
dren and Females, Commodity Sales, Corporations, Cruelty to Animals, 
Employment Agencies, Fish, Game and Birds, Mechanics' Liens, Milk 
and Cream, Tenement House Supervision, and various other acts. Dis- 
trict Courts are courts of record and have power to punish for contempts 
of court, the court having common law power in this respect. Wher- 
ever district courts are established. Justices of the Peace have no juris- 
diction of civil matters coming within the jurisdiction of the District 
Court as above mentioned. 

Morris County has three District Courts, known as the First, 
Second and Third Judicial District Courts. The First District Court 
is located at the Court House in Morristown ; the Second District Court 
at No. 14 W. Blackwell street, Dover; and the Third District Court, in 
the Town Hall, Boonton. Each District Court has a Clerk whose posi- 
tion is permanent under the Civil Service Act and it is the duty of the 
Clerk to issue all writs and summonses and keep the records. 

In the Second Judicial District, court is held on Wednesday of 
each week at the Court Room in Dover, except in the case of Jury trials, 
which trials are held on Friday, as the Court designates. 



9^ 

THE ASSOCIATION OF EXEMPT FIREMEN OF THE 
CITY OF DOVER, NEW JERSEY 

The Association of Exempt Firemen of the City of Dover was 
incorporated May 24, 1897, under the provisions of an Act for the Incor- 
poration of Associations of Exempt Firemen and the formation of a 
State Association of Exempt Firemen, approved February 25, 1889. 

The first officers elected were: WilHam W. Sickles, President; J. J. 
Vreeland. Vice-President ; Robert C. Vreeland, Secretary, and Guido 
C. Hinchman. Treasurer. 

The object of this Association is to provide and maintain a fund 
for the relief, support, and burial of the members and their widows and 
orphan children, to perpetuate the social relations existing among the 
members of the Dover Fire Department, and to render such assistance 
in case of fire as the officers of the association may deem proper to 
direct, by the advice and consent of the constituted authorities of the 
city. 

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF DOVER 

Mr. I. W. Searing's Story 

Elliott's Foundry stood, in 1873, where Birch and Bassett's Coal 
and Automobile Office stands now. In the second story of the foundry 
was Palmer and Allen's carpenter shop. This was an unhappy combina- 
tion — shavings above and sparks below. In some way the carpenter shop 
took fire at noon one December day, when the snow was on the ground. 
The fire started when everylx)dy was out of the building at dinner time. 
The town then had no organization for fighting fires. But people scur- 
ried around and brought what ladders and pails they could. No houses 
were very near, and the fire was confined to the carpenter shop. This 
was quickly consumed by the flames. Everybody began to talk about 
the necessity of taking measures to fight such fires in future. Dover 
was helpless. There had only been two fires in Dover from 1856 to 
1873. 0"6 was a building on Orchard street, adjacent to the cemetery. 
The other was a building on William Ford's lot, near the pond. 

A meeting of citizens was called to meet in Whitlock & Lewis's 
store, corner of Morris and Blackwell streets, now Lehman's. Few 
came to this meeting. The following were present: J. H. Neighbour, 
Titus Berry, William L. Young, George McCracken, I. W. Searing, 
M. C. Whitlock and Jas. B. Lewis. It was decided to call a second 
meeting and try to bring out a larger attendance. Col. Stites, of Mor- 
ristown, was invited to come over and address the meeting, telling how 
to organize a town fire department. They had a well-attended meeting. 
Col. Stites, an engineer, spoke. The need of a water supply was seen 
and it was decided to build cisterns in different parts of town that were 
remote from the water supply aflForded by the river and the canal. Only 
two such cisterns were actually constructed, one at the corner of Chest- 
nut and Prospect streets and one on Gold street near Prospect. It was 
also decided at this meeting to build catch-basins along the river, so as 
to have a depth of water where the suction pipe would work when the 
river was low. 



92 

But in the town charter of 1869 there was no provision made for 
taxing the town to maintain a fire department. It became necessary to 
obtain from the Legislature an enabhng act to permit the town to raise 
the funds for the purpose. A committee called on George Richards, 
the mayor, to discuss this point and he recommended that the business 
men assume the immediate responsibility for this expense until it could 
be formally provided for by vote of the people and act of Legislature. 
Mr. George McCracken took around a subscription paper which v^as 
signed and generously supported by the business men of the town. 

A fire ordinance was passed and organization effected as told in the 
First Annual Report, quoted elsewhere. 

As to the period previous to the organization of 1873. there is one 
old relic in evidence, still kept on the premises of the Dover Lumber 
Company and exhibited on parade on rare occasions. This old Engine 
No. I, which Mr. McFarlan had in earlier days for the protection of the 
Iron Works, he finally presented to the town — a reminder of the days 
when pumping was done by man power and not by steam. There was 
but one such engine here, but in other towns they sometimes had several 
and placed them in line so that one engine would pump from the river 
into the next engine and number two would pump the water along to 
number three and so on until the last engine discharged the stream into 
the fire. 

In February, 1874-5, a supplement to Dover's charter was passed 
by Legislature authorizing the issue of fire bonds to the amount of 
$12,000 at seven per cent, interest to be refunded in twelve years. 

William Sickles, in conversation with me, has briefly alluded to 
the following fires : 

(i) Gage's Saw Mill, (2) Maze's Saw Mill, (3) Searing's Lumber 
Yard, (4) The Skating Rink and Force's barns, (5) Birch and Bas- 
sett's Garage, in the building that was once the Old Academy, (6) Rich- 
ardson & Boynton's. The dates of these fires may be found in your 
fire records. (7) The Lindsley block. 

At the Richardson & Boynton fire there was trouble in getting 
enough water, until the engine got to the river and took v/ater from that. 

At the skating rink fire they got the engine going just in time to 
save the houses east of the fire. The wind was blowing to the east. 
These barns and the rink were between the canal and the present Index 
building. 

At the Birch & Bassett fire the men had to fight burning gasoline, 
as the garage contained many automobiles. Some of these automobiles 
were saved and many were wrecked by fire as they stood in the building. 
After this fire Birch & Bassett secured the brick building next to the 
Index Office, formerly used by the Electric Company. On the day of 
the Birch & Bassett fire the firemen were out of town on a fire parade, 
but fortunately the apparatus was left in Dover. 

Mr. Sickles spoke in some detail of the Lindsley block fire. In 
this he helped save the Mansion House by getting inside the building 
with the hose and working to extinguish the flames that had penetrated 



93 

between the ceilings and the rafters and in the cornices of the roof, 
threatening to jump across Sussex street and reach Kilgore & White's 
store. The Bennett house, next to the Lackawanna Restaurant was 
also saved by covering it with old carpets and keeping it wet. 

Mr. Sickles was a member of the first company formed in 1874. 

The First Annual Report of the Chief Engineer of the Dover Fire 
Department, for the year ending March i, 1873, gives the story of the 
founding of this department. The following is the list of Department 
Officers for that year: Chief Engineer, William H. McDavit; Assistant 
Engineer, William H. Worthen; Fire Committee, F. H. Lindsley, 
Thomas J. Halsey, Thomas B. Jarvis ; Board of Fire Wardens, C. H. 
Munson. foreman; William T. Allen, assistant foreman; Jas. H. 
Neighbour, clerk; T. J. Halsey, M. C. Whitlock, A. Taylor, H. C. 
Byram. C. B, Gage, I. W. Searing. 

PALMER AND ALLEN 

In 1873, Stephen J. Palmer had a carpenter shop near the present 
Birch and Bassett Coal and Automobile office between the canal and the 
Central Railroad. This carpenter shop caught fire about noon and 
burned down. This fire made such an impression on the community 
that a meeting was called that same evening to consider measures of 
safety for the future. In December, 1873, a committee of the Common 
Council, consisting of Messrs. Frank H. Lindsley, James H. Neighbour, 
and William H. McDavit, were instructed to visit manufacturers of 
fire apparatus and also the fire departments of neighboring cities and 
report upon the subject of purchasing a fire apparatus for Dover. The 
result of that Committee's work was the signing of a contract, June 20, 
1874, with Messrs. Harrel & Hayes, of Paterson, N. J., for the con- 
struction and delivery to Dover one fourth size Steam Fire Engine, 100 
feet of Rubber Hose, one Hook and Ladder Truck, one Hose Tender, 
one Hose Jumper. 



During the month of February following the "Fire Ordinance" was 
passed, the Board of Engineers and Fire Wardens appointed, the three 
companies of firemen organized and accepted by the Common Council, 
and the apparatus delivered, submitted to trial, and accepted. 

From the arrival of the apparatus until February, 1875. it was 
housed temporarily in Tabernacle Hall. On the evening of February 
20th the entire apparatus was removed to its present admirable and com- 
modious quarters on Sussex street. During the year the department has 
been thoroughly drilled, twicq in each month in the summer, and once 
in each month in the winter. As a result we have three most efficient 
and active companies, thoroughly understanding the working and han- 
dling of their respective apparatuses. 

During the year 1874 there have been seven fires. Uninsured losses, 
$13,150. Insured losses, $3,035. Total, $16,185. 

I would also recommend the building of at least five fire cisterns — 
two on Morris street, one on Gold street, one on Prospect street, and 



94 

one on Mt. Hope avenue. The estimated cost of these cisterns ten feet 
square by ten feet deep, built of brick, including all the necessary excava- 
tion, is $225 each 

There should also be set in the river bank at the foot of each street 
leading down to the river a wooden box, four feet wide by six feet long. 
By sinking the bottom of the box to the lower part of the river bed we 
can have abundant water supply in the dryest season. The estimated 
cost of boxes, including setting, is $25. 

Wm. H. McDavit, Chief Engineer. 

The above extracts from Chief McDavit's report indicate how the 
Fire Department of Dover was started. 

The department was then organized in five divisions : 

1. City of Dover Engine Company No. i. 

2. Vigilant Hose Company No. i. 

3. Protection Hook and Ladder Company No. i. 

4. Board of Fire Wardens. 

5. Board of Engineers. 

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF DOVER, N. J. 

Narrative of George B. Carhart, April 20, 1920 
The following is an account of the most important fires that have 
taken place in Dover in the last forty years. 

1. The Lindsley Fire on Blackwell street where now stands what 
is known as the Brick Block, east of the Mansion House, occurred about 
October first, 1880. 

2. Following that in February, 1881, was the burning of the Car 
Shops on a very cold night. This fire was fought with one steamer, 
City of Dover, known as Number One. The night was very cold and 
the water was taken from a brook on the Oram property by building a 
dam to hold enough to supply the pump. After the fire was out and we 
went to take up the hose it was found frozen. It was considerable 
trouble to handle it. A member by the name of Dr. Rossi made the 
remark that we might as well try to wind up the stove pipe. 

3. Then came the Dover Lumber Company Fire. That was a bitter 
cold night. The clothes froze on the men fighting the fire. The late 
J. B. Jolly of the Mansion House sent the men hot coffee, much to 
their relief. 

4. Following that fire came the Baker Corner, where now stands 
the Brick Building, corner of Blackwell and Warren streets. This fire 
started at about six o'clock P. M., in a clothing store about where the 
Insurance Ofiice of D. R. Hummer is now. This turned out to be one 
of those terrible nights in winter with rain falling and freezing until 
the traveling was almost impossible, because of the ice underfoot. The 
engine was placed at the end of Warren Street next to the canal and 
things went well at first. The fire was well under way and five minutes 
more would have ended it ; but unfortunately the hose burst and we had 
to stop the engine. When the hose was replaced and ready to start again 
the pump refused to work and when it did start the wind had fanned 



95 

the flames so that they spread through the building. It was impossible 
to stop the fire until it reached the Brick Building of W. H. Goodale on 
Blackwell street and the open alley on Warren street, when it practically 
burnt out. 

These fires seem to have occurred within a few years of each other. 
I forgot to mention the calling of a steamer company from Morristown 
to assist at the Lindsley fire. Had it not been for this assistance the 
loss would have been much greater. These fires have l^een the most 
destructive. The town decided to relieve the danger in 1885 by purchas- 
ing the steamer known as Number Two, made by Capp and Jones, I 
think, at Hudson, New York. 

Following this, George Richards, then Mayor of the town, advocated 
a Water Plant, which is now a part of our present system. That gave 
us a water pressure of 74 pounds at the Alansion House Corners, 90 
pounds at Point of the Mountain, 45 pounds on School House Hill, 
35 pounds on Morris Street Hill. The system was completed and on 
the tenth day of December, 1887, the water was let in for service. I 
think the first hose connection was at the Baker Corner and the hose 
burst, causing a fountain in the street. The late James P. Kelly had a 
device similar to a pair of tongs to fit around the hose, having the same 
circular measurement as the hose when filled with water. This proved 
to be very good at the time for shutting off the water. This was made 
previous to the day when used. 

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF DOVER IN 1922 

The officiary of the Dover Fire Department in June, 1922, is as 
follows : 

Board of Engineers: Chief, George B. Carhart; First Assistant, 
Manchus H. Hann ; Second Assistant, Charles W. White ; Third Assis- 
tant, Otto A. Marquard. 

Dover Engine Company Number One: President, A. B. Van 
Syckle; Foreman, Alex Ackerman, Jr.; Assistant, George A. Parker; 
Qerk, Frank S. Hill ; Steward, A, Russell Baum. 

Vigilant Engine Company Number Two : President, Dr. A. L. L. 
Baker; Foreman, John M. Dehler; Clerk, Ernest L. Mortimore; Assis- 
tant Foreman, Charles E. Ripley; Steward, Daniel M. Dehler. 

Protection Hook and Ladder Company, Inc. : Foreman, Dr. Lewis 
R. Fritts ; Assistant Foreman, Thomas Baker ; Clerk, Charles K. Ely ; 
Steward, Jacob Nichols. 

Board of Fire Wardens: President, Charles P. Cook; Foreman, 
Archibald Percy; Assistant Foreman, Sigvard M. Larson; Clerk, Arthur 
H. Goodale. 



96 

EQUIPMENT 

The equipment of the Dover Fire Department consists of the fol- 
lowing : 

The Gamewell Fire Alarm and Telegraph System is installed in 
the town. 

We have two hundred hydrants within the town limits, with a 
water pressure varying from 176 pounds at low point, to 40 pounds per 
square inch at high point, capable of taking care of a very dangerous 
fire should such visit the town. 

We have 5,100 feet of 25^-inch hose over three-quarters of a mile 
in length. Then comes the steamer that has stood ready for action for 
many years. We have chemical and hose car to carry our hose company 
to and from the fire. We have a Mack Fire Truck, plenty of ladders 
and pike poles and other necessary tools for the Truck Company's use. 

We also have placed in different parts of the town hose carts pro- 
vided with 400 feet of hose. Should a fire occur in such parts the citi- 
zens have access to the hose. 

A lire patrol autocar, carrying rubber blankets to protect goods in a 
burning building, has recently been added to our equipment. It belongs 
to the Board of Fire Wardens, who thus form a salvage corps. 

George B. Carhart, Chief Engineer. 

RECENT FIRES 

In reviewing the fires of the past two years it can be said Dover has 
"been very fortunate. There have been a large number of calls, both 
general and still alarm, but not of such a serious nature as the one of 
February tenth at the National Union Bank, where the firemen found 
the bank officials had made such thorough protection in regard to burg- 
lars that we had considerable difficulty in gaining entrance. 

The fire at the Eagle Barber Shop, located in the Baker Building 
at the corner of Warren and Blackwell streets bid fair to be serious but 
for the fact that the metal ceiling held it down from above, giving the 
firemen a better chance to hold it where it started. 

THE BICENTENNIAL 

In relation to the two-hundredth anniversary of the town the 
firemen as a whole are trying to put forth every effort in promoting, 
conducting and directing the success of this historic event. 



97 

DOVER WATER DEPARTMENT 

This year commemorates the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the 
Town of Dover. 

There is no doubt but Dover ranked well among towns of its size 
two hundred years ago. for it is located in one of the most peaceful and 
beautiful natural valleys to l>e found the world over. 

As the progress marked in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries 
brought in comforts, such as are experienced by the introduction of 
canal transportation, steam railroads, gas for cooking and lighting, elec- 
tricity, with its manifold uses, telephones, phonographs and radio, so the 
people of Dover, sticking to the true principle of progress, set out. in the 
year 1887, to promote and use a water works system and procure a 
potable water supply from the springs located on the George Richards, 
Brotherton and Bryant tracts, located to the South of Prospect street. 
A water company was formed, known as the Dover Water Company, 
and two three-million gallon steel reservoirs were built by the said 
water company on the property of George Richards. The springs were 
piped down to these reservoirs as the supply and the discharge was 
carried down into the town. For years this served its purpose, supplying 
potable water and fire protection to the homes of our prospering town. 

It was ever the aim to deliver the most excellent water supply, but, 
as the outskirts of the town grew, the possibility of pollution to the 
springs was constantly feared, and in some cases actually met; so it 
became necessary from time to time to cut oflf some of the springs from 
the source. 

The Dover Water Company could not be considered in the full 
sense as a money-maker for the original investors, and the Town 
Council, realizing the desirability of many improvements and the exten- 
sion of the water system, very wisely, in the year 1902, took over the 
Dover Water Company by purchase, issuing bonds to the extent of 
$200,000 to cover the purchase price and to allow of extending the 
system and adding necessary improvements thereto. 

A Water Commission was then formed by the Town Council to 
operate the said water department. Mr. Leopold C. Bierwirth was 
president of the first Board of Water Commissioners. 

For the purpose of increasing the water supply two six-inch wells 
were driven, one on George Richards' property and the other on the 
Bryant tract. It was the hope that in driving a well 80 or 90 feet a 
good and strong flow of pure water would l)e secured. This, however, 
did not develop as favorably as hoped for, the well on the Richards 
lot flowing but 10 gallons of water per minute and the one on the Bryant 
tract developing but one gallon per minute. 

To protect their remaining springs, the Dover Water Commission 
bought the Bryant tract of forty acres of woodland for $2,000.00 in the 
year 19 12. 



98 

The natural growth of the town made it necessary that additional 
water be procured and a Board of Water Commissioners, of which 
Mr. Martin V. B. Searing was president, in the year 1902, developed 
wells in the flat lands lying between the Rockaway river and the D., L. 
& W. Railroad. They found water at this point in good quantity, and 
purchased a tract of land consisting of about 6/^ acres. 

A pumping house, well-designed and well-built, was then erected 
and a 450-gallon per minute triplex plunger pump was installed, together 
with a gas engine as a motor power. 

Two new reservoirs of approximately one million gallons each were 
erected on the hillside south of West Blackwell street, the lower one of 
which was erected at a height equal to the six million gallon reservoirs 
on the George Richards property, and by means of cast iron pipe tied 
into the new million-gallon reservoir, the levels of the Richards reser- 
voirs and the new one being equal and tied together, it was possible to 
store up a reserve of seven million gallons. 

As the town kept growing, the town's people realized that perhaps 
the best building sites for homes Vv^ere located in the upper hill section, 
and many homes were located on these elevations. The water pressure 
from the Richards reservoirs and the new million-gallon reservoir were 
not equal to supply the higher pressure. Therefore, the second million- 
gallon reservoir above mentioned was built at the high point of the moun- 
tain (900 feet above sea level), and supplied from the same 450-gallon 
per minute pump located in the flats and the same lo-inch pipe line feed- 
ing the new reservoir. With this high pressure system supplying water 
to the hilltop section of the town considerable activity was shown in the 
building of additional homes at the most prominent and desirable high 
points to such an extent that it became necessary in the year 191 3 to 
further increase our water supply and two additional pumps were then 
installed in the pump house, one of 315-gallon capacity per minute and 
the other 285-gallon capacity per minute. These were driven by an oil 
engine, giving a total available pumping capacity of 1,050 gallons of 
water per minute from the three pumps, which, however, were not 
needed ; but the consumption of water was so great as to make it essential 
that a factor of safety be preserved and the over supply of pumping 
capacity per minute be maintained, so that any break of machinery in 
one pumping station might not cripple the water works system. 

The Water Works, being a municipally owned and operated depart- 
ment, was never intended to be a money-making proposition, but simply 
a self-maintained department of the Town and the water has always been 
sold at a very low rate. 

Nine-tenths of the water used to-day in Dover is pumped from 
the low level, which item of expense is considerable. 

Water meters were installed in service pipes where it was generally 
thought the amount of water consumed was greater than the water 
allowable under the minimum charge, but by only partly metering the 
service pipes, waste was allowed, due to carelessness or lack of attention 
on the part of the consumer. So it was concluded to 100 per cent, meter 
the town, and this became an accomplished fact in 1921. 



9^ 

The fjas engine, our first motor power in the pumping station, hav- 
ing served several years of useful work, finally became worn out. This 
was replaced with a 75-horse j:)0wer electric motor. 

The oil engine, having worked laboriously and well for years, being 
greatly in need of repair, was taken apart, repaired, set aside as an 
emergency factor and the two pumps which it had driven are now driven 
with two electric motors, the gas engine being held in reserve with the 
possible fear of some mishap at the electric power station, which might 
deprive us of our motor force. 

Our present consumption of water is about 600.000 gallons per day. 

It is generally felt that with the introduction of sewers in Dover a 
great building boom of general advance will occur and a much heavier 
demand will be made on the water system than even now exists. 

The replacement value of water works system as to-day existing is 
approximately $ i ,000.000.00. 

Due credit should be given to the Honorable Mayor and Council 
who. in years gone by. had the foresight to see the desirability of pur- 
chasing the Dover Water Company's property, for it has greatly 
advanced in value, and in the meantime the citizens of Dover have been 
enjoying water at a very low rate, v/hich is cheaper than is usually 
charged by privately-owned public service corporations. 

George F. Steffany. 

ODE TO HYGEIA 

Hygeia, well-beloved Muse, 
Who would to thee a place refuse 
Among the mythologic powers 
That regulate this life of ours? 

To thee we would pay honor due ; 
To thee we would for favor sue. 
Hygeia, comrade of our youth. 
Help us elude Time's envious tooth ! 

Not length of days alone we seek, 
But health and strength, the vim to wreak 
Our finest powers upon our work, 
To toe the line and not to shirk. 

But if the burdens grow too great. 
At least attend and cheer our late, 
Our lingering years, if such there be. 
With memories sweet, from grievance free. 

Hygeia, well-beloved Muse. 

Old Friend, insjiirer — who renews 

Our youth, as thou, when years increase ? 

May such good fellowship ne'er cease ! 



lOO 



HEALTH, PERSONAL AND PUBLIC 

The health of an individual depends upon many causes, some of 
which may be within his control, and some not. He is launched upon 
his career by heredity and the care provided by the home, but must 
gradually assume a dependence upon his own powers of self-determina- 
tion as applied to personal habits, self-control, morals. He is aided by 
instinct, good setise, intelligence, conscience. 

But the individual who lives in a community cannot wholly deter- 
mine by personal hygiene all the factors which affect his health. Some 
of these factors, such as contagious diseases and public nuisances, have 
him at their mercy unless he can devise some way of protecting himself. 
Hence arise laws and regulations emanating from the National Gov- 
ernment, the State, the community. The local Board of Health is 
granted a legal authority and the means of exercising and applying that 
power which the individual needs when he comes to the end of his 
personal power over fellow citizens who endanger his health. The 
public Board of Health is a specialized arm of civic government. Dover 
has such a lx)ard. Its history began in 1882, consequent upon an act 
of Legislature dated April i, 1880, "An act concerning the protection of 
the public health and the record of vital facts and statistics; relating 
thereto." Sections i and 2, "enacted by the Senate and General 
Assembly of the State of New Jersey," provide for the establishment of 
a Board of Health in every city, town and lx)rough ; said board to con- 
sist of five, six or seven members, including a keeper of vital statistics, 
a city physician and city health inspector ; said board to be nominated by 
the Mayor and approved by the Common Council or other governing 
body, and to serve for not less than three years. Not more than three 
of the members shall go out of office at any one time, unless in case of 
removal by death or change of residence. A health officer is required 
in all cities having more than ten thousand inhabitants. And more 
inspectors may be appointed as needed. 

In townships outside of city limits the township committee, together 
with the assessor and township physician, shall constitute the Board of 
Health. The local board is required to prepare an annual report of the 
district and to forward a copy to the State Board of Health at Trenton. 
The following is a schedule of some of the subjects to be included in 
such reports : 

A — Location, population, climate. 
B — Geology, topography, contour. 
C — Water supply. 
D — Drainage and sewerage. 
E — Street and public grounds. 
F — Houses and their tenancy. 
G — Modes of lighting. 
H — Refuse, excreta (how managed). 
I — Markets. 



lOI 

J — Diseases of animals. 
K — Slaughter houses, abattoirs. 
L — Manufactories, trades. 

M — Schools, school buildings, other public buildings. 
N — Almshouse, hospitals, other charities. 
O — Police, prisons. 
P — Fire guards. 
Q — Cemeteries, burials. 
R — Pul)lic health laws, regulations. 
S — Registration, vital statistics. 
T — Quarantine, contagious diseases. 
U — Sanitary expenses. 
\' — Heat and ventilation for dwellings. 

This outline indicates a wide field of activity for public P>oards of 
Health working under the direction of the State. Other details are 
provided for relating to finances, vaccination, public nuisances, authority 
to enforce the law. epidemics, schools. Specific ordinances are passed 
from time to time. 

DOVER'S BOARD OF HEALTH 

The history and working of the Dover Board of Health is recorded 
in their minutes and in their annual reports. The first meeting was 
held May i8. 1882. in the office of the Dover Printing Company; ])res- 
ent. Messrs. Crittenden. Whitlock. Covert. Gibson and Lambert. Dr. T. 
R. Crittenden was elected chairman, and William H. Lambert secretary 
and recorder. Meetings were to l)e held monthly in the council room at 
the engine house. 

Meetings proved to be quite irregular up to 1893. I" April, 1893, ^ 
"Sanitary Code of the Town of Dover" was published, John S. Abel 
being then president, and Joseph V. Baker secretary. Various details 
were therein specified in print for the instruction of the community. 

March 31. 1887, an ordinance was passed making Dover's Board of 
Health consist of five memliers serving four years. Horace L. Dunham 
being then Mayor, the members to be appointed and elected by ballot by 
the Mayor. Recorder, Aldermen and Common Council at their regular 
meeting in May. Two hundred and twenty-five dollars was appropriated 
to pay salaries and expenses. April i, 1894. the annual report was pul)- 
lished in the local paper. Meetings were held freciuentlv, and annual 
reports i)uljlished, as shown in the minute book which ends January 2^, 
1909. 

At a later date the terms of service of members of the board was 
changed to three years. 

July 26, 1897, an ordinance was passed relating to the adulteration 
of food or drink and to prevent the sale of articles unfit for food ; also 
an ordinance to prevent epidemics from spreading; also an ordinance to 
compel the return of all births, deaths and marriages by physicians, mid- 
wives, nurses, clergymen, magistrates and others professionally officiat- 
ing. 



102 

July 17, 1899. John G. Taylor was elected health inspector, Eugene 
Buchanan being then president, and G. C. Hinchman, secretary. July 
31, 1899, the by-laws for the regulation of the Board are spread upon 
the minutes in full in the clear handwriting of G. C. Hinchman, secre- 
tary. 

In 1912, John G. Taylor passed the required examinations and was 
licensed a health officer. This cjualifies him to act in this capacity in any 
city to which he may be appointed in New Jersey. 

Many details are given in the minutes of the board relating to the 
■application of the law to individual cases, showing the gradual growth of 
the Board's activity in protecting the health of the community by abat- 
ing nuisances and fighting epidemics. The Board of Health has been a 
veritable guardian angel of Dover. 

Some extracts from the report of 1921 will indicate the scope of 
their work for the year ending December 31, William G. Hummel, 
president. 

General health, good. Cases of communicable diseases, 423, of 
whom sixteen died. More diphtheria and scarlet fever than in any year 
since 1905. (Note. — Diphtheria was more prevalent in every State in 
the Union.) Five deaths from diphtheria, and none from scarlet fever. 
Death rate lowest since 1914, viz : (10.5 per 1,000 of population. Infant 
tnortality low, being 67.3 per 1,000 living births, as compared with 102 
per 1,000 in 1920. Mrs. French has helped to bring about this improve- 
ment by her work in behalf of the babies. 

The construction of sev/ers is imperative. (Action on this matter 
is hoped for this year.) 

A new milk ordinance requires pasteurization of milk unless 
obtained from tuberculin-tested cows. IVIilk to be graded according to 
bacteria count and dairy /cores, and labeled. This is in accordance with 
the most modern ideas of preventive medicine. 

Our food stores compare favorably with any in the State. 

The disposal of garbage requires to be better provided for. 

Estimated population of Dover, 10,200. 

Marriage rate, 9.4 per 1,000. 

Birth rate, 21.8 per 1,000. 

Death rate, 10.5 per 1,000. 

A tabulated view shows the precise number of inspections relating 
to quarantine, cesspools, chicken coops, streets, dumps, stables, ice houses, 
nuisances, violations of code, communicable diseases, being a total of 
.1,455 inspections. 

THE LABORATORY OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH 
By Martin E. Alpers, Bacteriologist 

The laboratory of the Board of Health was started about 191 1, 
in the rooms the Board occupied in the National Union Bank Building. 
The quarters were so limited and the equipment so small that very little 
actual work could be done. When the old fire house was remodeled so 
that it would house all the various departments of the town, the Board 



103 

obtained two rooms, one of which was fitted out as a laboratory with 
wood and stone-covered benches, running water, gas outlets, inculjators, 
glassware and a good microscope. 

The actual work that the laboratory started with was mainly the 
examination of the milk supply of Dover. This was gone over thor- 
oughly. The chemical analysis consisted of taking the specific gravity, 
the amount of dirt present, the estimation of the fats, total solids and 
solids not fat, taste, odor and temperature. The bacteriological analysis 
consisted of the total bacteria count per c.c. 

The analysis of the water supply is now one of its chief functions. 
The analysis consists of a microscopical and a bacteriological examina- 
tion. The microscopical analysis consists of the enumeration of the 
actual number of species of the various algae, desmids. diatoms and 
animalcules that affect the odor or taste of a water supply. The chief 
cause of a noticeable taste in our supply is due to the growth of the 
diatom Asterionella. Its most active period of growth is about the 
first of March. Often the trouble can be remedied by flushing the mains, 
as large numbers may be pocketed in some parts of the system. As far 
as known, none of these various algae or animalcules have any effect on 
a water in regard to health except being slightly offensive to taste or 
smell. 

The bacteriological examination consists of testing the water for 
the presence of the bacillus Coli Communis, commonly called the B. 
Coli. These bacteria are normal inhabitants of the intestines of human 
beings and animals. The presence of these bacteria in a water supply is 
presumptive evidence that the supj)Iy is being contaminated by sewer- 
age. B. Coli found in a water supply in a smaller amount than 5 c.c. of 
water indicates danger not in the B. Coli itself, but as showing that 
typhoid fever may be in the water, as both bacteria come from the 
same source, the excreta of humans or animals. 

The clinical work of the laboratory consists mainly of the examina- 
tion of sputum for the finding of the tuberculosis bacilli, the making of 
cultures from swabs taken by physicians from the throats of their 
patients for the finding of the diphtheria bacillus, and the examination 
of slides of gonorrheal smears sent in by the physician for the finding of 
the gonococci. 

The making of these analyses is very important. Often tubercu- 
losis can be recognized l)y the presence of the T. B. in the sputum before 
the physical signs are too apparent and the sufferer can and will go to 
some place where he will receive ])roper treatment. The finding of the 
T. B. is as conclusive evidence as can be that the patient has tul)erculosis. 
The not finding of the T. B. does not mean that the patient has not the 
disease, as often they are deep-seated and easily absent in the sample 
of sputum. 

The diphtheria analysis is also of great importance. In the early 
stages, if found positive, it calls for the giving of the diiihtheria anti- 
toxin, which so absorbs the disease as to almost remove the fear and 
dread that this disease once caused. Also, in the final stages, the making 



104 

of cultures is of the utmost importance, as after the patient seems to be 
entirely recovered the diphtheria bacilli are sometimes harbored in the 
throat for months. If persons so affected were released from quarantine, 
they might easily inoculate a great many others with diphtheria. 

OTHER PROMOTERS OF HEALTH 

To the above summary of the history of our local Board of Health 
we add a few statements in regard to other agencies working for the 
public health of the community. 

Our local Red Cross is still active in promoting community health. 

The history of our Woman's Club shows that they have been able 
allies of the Board of Health. 

A special chapter could be written about the influenza year. Con- 
sult the report of the Red Cross and the Woman's Club, given elsewhere. 
The historian who tries to record all the good deeds done in Dover has 
his hands full. 

The State Board of Education has emphasized instruction and drill 
in health and hygiene, and the teachers in the public schools have done 
much special work in this regard during recent years. Dr. Emma 
Clark is retained as the school physician. 

Our public magazines and published books contain a vast amount 
of literature disseminating information upon countless details of private 
and civic life. 

Hospitals and the profession of nursing and specialization in clinical 
practice, together with improved instruments and methods of work, have 
added much to the alleviation of sickness and the prevention of death. 
Life Extension Bureaus make it their special study to examine and safe- 
guard those who by advancing age are more liable to the attacks of 
disease and sudden death. The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company 
employs nurses, gives physical examinations, and disseminates valuable 
information upon matters of hygiene among its members. A mere list 
of titles and some of its "slogans" is suggestive of the extent of their 
influence, and statistics support the claim that much good is being done 
in the way of prevention. The following is a list of titles in the Dover 
office of this company : 

Statement to Legislature. State of New York, upon a Constructive 
Plan for Health Conservation, issued by the National Civic Federation 
through its Social Insurance Department. 

Health Campaign : Six Principles : Clean Homes. Clean Milk, No 
Flies, No Mosquitoes, Well Babies, No Tuberculosis, Pure Food. The 
best weapons against Tuberculosis are Sunshine, Cleanliness and Good 
Food. 

The Child : Directions for the care and feeding of babies. 

Care of the Teeth. 

The "Flu" and You. 

The Metropolitan Mother Goose for Children. Beautifully illus- 
trated. 

The Health of the Worker. Danger to health in shop and factory 
and how to avoid them. 



105 

All About Milk. Illustrated. 

How to Live Long. By Irving Fisher, Yale University. 

The Prevention of Pneumonia. 

Child Health Alphabet. Illustrated. 

Food Facts. 

Fake Consumption Cures. 

Tuberculosis is Preventable. 

Your Friend — the Nurse. 

Diphtheria. 

Stamp Out Smallpox. 

Clean Up. 

The Metropolitan, a magazine published in various languages, relat- 
ing to health topics. 

Some results of these efforts to deal with disease and promote good 
health are shown by the vital statistics of the year 1921 for the United 
States and Canada, for insured members. 

From the "New York World," February 26, 1922: "Mortality 
8.54 per i.ooo (31.9 per cent, lower than 1911). If the death rate of 
191 1 had prevailed in 1922 there would have been 54.942 more deaths." 

This reduction took place largely in the death rates for tuberculosis, 
pneumonia and influenza. 

But diphtheria is on the increase. To contend against this a new 
method is in use. consisting of the use of the Schick test and the admin- 
istration of antitoxin to those who are found by this test to be most sus- 
ceptible to this disease. New York State is inaugurating special meas- 
ures to combat this disease. ("New York Herald," March 19, 1922.) 

Deaths from alcoholism showed an increase of over fifty per cent, 
among Metropolitan industrial policyholders in 1921, as compared with 
1920. 

The Board of Health receives an appropriation from the town, now 
amounting to $4,000. In case of an epidemic or a pandemic the neces- 
sary funds are provided. The members of the board serve without pay. 
The Attorney-General of the State recently made a ruling that a paid 
employee of the Board could not at the same time be a member of the 
Board. In consequence of this ruling, W. H. Tonking resigned as a 
member of the Board in order to continue his work as secretary, a posi- 
tion which he has filled since 1910. Martin E. Alpers also resigned in 
order to continue his work as bacteriologist. 

The care of community health is a far-reaching problem, depending 
in part upon the co-ordinated efforts of contiguous communities. 

The authority and work of the Board of Health extends to animals 
as well as human beings, as shown by their inspections of dairy herds. 
Human life and health depend in part upon the healthy conditions of 
domestic animals. 

As a community becomes more populous and more thickly settled 
the work of a Board of Health becomes more necessary and should be 
more strictly exercised. Since 1910 the Dover Board of Health has 



io6 

greatly increased its vigilant and scientific regulation of public health. 
There is always a disposition on the part of some individuals to resist 
or to speak lightly of such increasing vigilance, assuming that the cus- 
toms of a century ago are good enough for the present day. But it 
should be remembered that many factors in the health problem have 
changed. The watchword of the Dover Board of Health reads as fol- 
lows : "Eternal vigilance is the price of public health." The public 
should appreciate their earnest efforts to conserve the health of the 
town and to maintain the high record shown in the vital statistics report. 
The time to relax such vigilance has not yet arrived. 

RECENT PRESIDENTS OF BOARD OF HEALTH 

1910 and 19TI — Arthur P. Van Gelder. 
1912 and 1913 — Dr. A. J. Carroll. 
1913, 1915 and 1916 — Emil J. Riederer. 
191 7 and 1918 — Martin E. Alpers. 
1919 and 1920 — George F. Steffany. 
192 1 — William G. Hummel. 

CHILD HYGIENE IN DOVER 
By Mrs. Mabel E. French, R. N. 
Much is being done to improve the health and well-being of our 
mothers, babies and children. 

After a two-year demonstration of the work by the State Depart- 
ment of Health as to what a great help a baby keep-well station would 
be for our town, Dover decided to support this good work for the good 
and well-being of its mothers and children. 

The function of this v/ork and clinic is to stimulate interest and 
induce the right methods and, with healthful, systematic care, make 
life more vigorous, disease less frequent, decay less rapid, death more 
remote. 

It is preventive hygiene and its accomplishments that is measured 
not by reduced mortality alone but by increased health rates. 

Effective hygiene work consists of teaching the expectant mothers 
before babies are born and then supervising these babies up to adolesc- 
ence, that is the infant through two years, then the pre-school child, 
two to five years, and in some localities where there is no school nurse, 
the school child. 

So much of the school work done for the child would be unneces- 
sary if all babies were looked after during the first two years, as it is 
known by experience that this is the time when the foundation is laid 
for a sound, healthy physique for our future women and men. 

The child hygiene bureau feels their work is not only life saving, 
but is the means of establishing good citizenship, which means self-con- 
trol and self-denial, which after all are most important factors. 

The hygiene nurses teach expectant mothers personal hygiene that 
babies may have their birthright maternal nursing. 

Through the medium of birth records, mothers and babies are vis- 
ited before (if possible) the baby is two weeks old, so as to encourage 
and insure maternal nursing. 



I07 

This is tlic solution of infant mortality, as twenty-seven bottle-fed 
babies become sick with diarrhea to one that is breast-fed. Ten babies 
bottle-fed die to one breast-fed. 

\'isits to babies and mothers are made as often and as long as 
necessary in most cases once a week until baby is one month, then once 
a month for one year. 

It is estimated ninety per cent, of the best work is done in the home 
visits. 

But the proof of the results and proper growth and development is 
through the clinics at the Baby Station, where baliies are weighed and 
measured and records systematically kept of each baby. 

The proper feeding of the infant during the second year must not be 
minimized by the stress of the first year. 

During first year's visits the nurse will have illustrated the value of 
proper care and administration of food, the control of rest and play, so 
that after one year and before if possible mothers will seek advice at 
the station, releasing the nurse to younger babies and expectant mothers. 

Then comes the "dark no man's land" of childhood. 

The children are watched carefully for defects, that they may be 
corrected early before they become permanent. 

In many instances defective sight and hearing, impaired speech, 
curvatures of limb and spine have been corrected which might have 
become permanent if not corrected in time. 

In 1921 there were 75.6 deaths of infants under one year of age 
per 1,000 living births, while there were only 34.2 per i.ooo living 
births of the bal)ies supervised, making the birthrate of the State more 
than twice that of the supervised babies. 

At present 177 communities are carrying on State Child Hygiene 
programs under State supervision. 

Twenty-two of these are supported by their own municipalities or 
private organizations. 

We are more than proud to say Dover is among these twenty-two 
stations, which means Dover cares and is providing a means whereby 
mothers and babies can be helped, be healthy mothers and babies. 

Dover mothers should avail themselves of this great privilege and 
derive the benefit of the hygiene work your town is offering you. 

Clinics every Wednesday 9:30 to 11:30 A. I\I. Dr. Costello in 
charge, July. Northside School. 



io8 

THE DOVER G£:NERAL HOSPITAL 

The idea of a Hospital in Dover was first conceived by the late 
W. W. Halloway, D.D., who in calHng on the members of his parish 
very frequently would find the members of the Nos Ipsae Club, a social 
organization, assembled. He was always delighted to meet them and 
invariably left with these words : "Why don't you ladies start a Hos- 
pital for Dover?" 

The little seed sown finally began to sprout. The ladies began to 
think and talk about it. Why not do something worth while for Dover ? 
The decision was made and with the co-operation of Dr. Halloway and 
other influential citizens of the town, the Hospital project was first 
brought to the attention of the people of Dover, on September lo, 1907. 
. A public meeting was held in Library Hall for the purpose of per- 
fecting an organization with the view of establishing a Hospital in 
Dover. The Committee chosen for this purpose was: L W. Searing, 
Chairman ; Dr. Emma Clark, Max Heller, and Dr. J. W. Farrow. 

In the initial stage of the development of the Hospital movement 
the greatest enthusiasm was manifested. The organization was about 
completed. A certificate of incorporation was presented for adoption 
and many of the representative and influential men of Dover and vicin- 
ity were named as incorporators. The articles of incorporation set 
forth that the institution should be called The Dover General Hospital. 

It was at this period of growth that opposition undreamed of arose 
and as a consequence most of the men named as incorporators declined 
to act and the most influential men of the organization withdrew their 
support. 

After due deliberation at a public meeting, held November 13, 1907, 
a committee of five was appointed to wait on the Nos Ipsae Club and 
ask them to form the desired incorporation. Discouraged, but still hope- 
ful, the ladies did complete the organization and the certificate of incor- 
poration was filed with the Secretary of the State, January 2nd, 1909. 

A Hospital fund was started and a Woman's Auxiliary was organ- 
ized. 

The incorporators, who constituted the first Board of Trustees 
were : Mary Augusta Searing, Mary Waer, Nellie Cook, Bertha McDavit. 
Anna Hairhouse, Lena Dott Allen, N. Eleanor Hulsart. Dr. W. W. 
Halloway, George Pierson, J. H. Hulsart, and Wm. H. Baker were 
selected as the Advisory Board. 

For seven years the establishment of a Hospital was agitated and 
money was slowly, but steadily added to the fund by collections, dona- 
tions and various other means. 

In May, 1914, a part of the large estate of the late Richard George 
was purchased by the Board of Trustees for $7,000. With the purchase 
of the property came new inspiration, renewed interest and new friends 
for the cause. The Board was re-organized and the number increased 
to thirty members. 



109 

Work on the huildiiiij was started at once and by the co-operation 
of the physicians and the Woman's Auxiliary with the Board of Trus- 
tees and by the generous s])irit of the people of Dover and vicinity the 
building was completely remodeled and equipped. 

Gratitude is due the following organizations and individuals who 
took a room in its original condition, and fitted it up for occupancy : 
Dover Fire Wardens, Knitters' Union and German Turn Verein, Mt. 
Fern Social Club, Mrs. Caroline Smith and daughters, Mrs. E. M. Bell, 
and Mrs. John Taylor. Harry L. Schwarz and Mark H. Schwarz. 

The Nos Ipsae Club of Dover and the King's Daughters of Rock- 
away each donated a bed in the Woman's Ward. 

The Hospital was dedicated January 9, 1916. The dedicatory 
address was delivered by W. L. R. Lynd and the main address was 
given by Dr. F. D. Gray, President of the State Medical Society. 

The first patient admitted to the Hospital was a man ill with pneu- 
monia, sent from Port Morris, January 13, 1916, by Dr. Miller, of 
Netcong. 

i\Iiss Annie Wiley, of Paterson acted as Superintendent until 
Miss Elizabeth Miller of the Presbyterian Hospital of Newark, was 
engaged. Seventeen patients were received during the first month of 
the Hospital's existence. 

The Hospital was dedicated with Mrs. Munson Searing, the 
"Mother of the Hospital," as President, and A. P. Van Gelder, acting 
president. During his two terms of service Mr. Van Gelder had visions 
of a new modern hospital and before leaving he donated a complete set 
of plans for a new building. 

In 1918, Mr. Max Pieller was elected president and has proved a 
most efficient and worthy official. Mr. Heller inaugurated the annual 
subscribing membership plan, resulting in thousands of dollars being 
added to the Hospital's treasury. During his administration the mort- 
gage of $5,000 on the property was cancelled and to-day the Dover 
General Hospital stands free and clear of any incumbrance. 

The first paid endowment was received in 1920 from the estate of 
the late Ruth C. Webb, amounting to $2,615.06. 

The first bed was endowed by David Misel, of New York City, 
in memory of his brother, Henry J. Misel, of Dover. One thousand 
dollars was received.' 

The Dover General Plospital to-day has twenty-four beds, eight 
regular nurses, an efficient corps of administrative officers, a well 
equipped operating room, a pathological laboratory and an X-ray room. 
Great credit is due Miss Miller, the present Superintendent, who by 
her untiring efl^orts has built up the Hospital to the high standard it now 
attains. 

During the year 1921 there were five hundred and six patients 
treated in the Hospital. 

N. Eleanor Huls.\rt. 



no 

THE WOMAN'S AUXILIARY OF THE DOVER GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 

As has been stated in the Hospital article, the Nos Ipsae Club was 
the nucleus of the Woman's Auxiliary of the Dover General Hospital. 

After the Hospital was incorporated in the year 1909, the women 
formed an Auxiliary to work in co-operation with the Board of Trustees 
and help them wherever possible, either morally or financially. 

At first their work consisted chiefly of collecting money by various 
means, but after a time they began to find other avenues of usefulness 
and the membership steadily increased until it now has about 375 
members. 

The dues have always been one dollar a year, as it has been the aim 
of the organization to get the interest, good will, and co-operation of as 
many people as possible. 

Three units of the Auxiliary have been formed : One at Wharton ; 
one at Flanders ; and the Roxbury Unit, which includes the territory 
from Lake Hopatcong to Kenvil. 

Monthly meetings are held from September to June, inclusive. 
Besides transacting the regular business of the organization we have 
many prominent speakers, v/ho come to us with messages of interest and 
instruction. 

The Hospital was really purchased with money collected by the 
Auxiliary, and various sums have been given for repairs and fixtures 
during the past years. 

It has been found that a Nurses' Home is a necessity. It is a 
very great expense to have most of the nursing staff graduate nurses 
and by having a Home it is possiljle to have a training school, the pupils 
of which will supplement the graduate nurses, thereby raising the stand- 
ing of the Hospital and lowering the cost of maintenance. The Aux- 
iliary has taken the responsibility of raising the money for such a build- 
ing and at the present time has nearly $3,000 in the fund. 

Each year a donation week is held by the Av:xiliary, when the citi- 
zens of Dover and all the surrounding communities are asked to con- 
tribute something to the Hospital. The response to that call is always 
very generous and eatables of all kinds are given ; also a considerable 
amount of money. This lowers the cost of living at the institution to a 
great extent and is sincerely appreciated. 

The work of the Auxiliary is organized under the following com- 
mittees : the Sewing Committee, which makes Plospital garments, bed 
sheets, draw sheets, etc., as needed ; the Linen Committee, which col- 
lects old linen wherever possible, to be used in the Hospital ; the Visiting 
Committee, whose members frequently call upon the patients at the 
Hospital and carry them messages of comfort and cheer which are greatly 
enjoyed; the Program Committee, which arranges for all speakers and 
entertainment ; and the Membership Committee, whose duty it is to 
attend to the renewal of memberships and solicit new members. 



Ill 

The staff of physicians and the administrative officers of the Hos- 
pital feel that they could not carry on their splendid work without the 
aid of the Auxiliary, which expects to continue its activities and hopes 
to be able to help realize the ambition of the staff and of all public- 
minded citizens for a modern, well-equipped Hospital and Nurses' 
Home in an ideal location. 

]\Iks. Fletcher Fritts. 

AMERICAN RED CROSS 

West Morris County Chapter, Dover, New Jersey 

Note: — The History Committee of our local Red Cross has con- 
tributed by request the following facts and fij^^ures pertaining to its work 
— an impressive record of the response made by Dover and neighbor- 
ing communities to the call for service that reached us in April, 19 17. 
But figures fail to express the full meaning of the loyalty, devotion and 
helpfulness to which they point. 

"Dover Dates" takes on new meaning when such facts and figures 
as these are added to the story. And the work of our Red Cross Chapter 
is a "continued story." 

I. IXTRODUCTION. 

A local newspaper gives the following account of the formation of 
the chapter : 

"Dover is to have a part in the great work now being carried on by 
the American Red Cross. A meeting of patriotic citizens was held in 
St. John's parish house last week (March 20, 1917) to consider a plan 
by which Dover might do its part to aid in the great national crisis. After 
much discussion it was decided to ask for a charter to form a chapter of 
the American Red Cross, to be known as Dover Chapter. It will be the 
purpose of the chapter to give instruction in first aid. home care of the 
sick, field nursing, and prepare liandages and surgical dressings and 
comfort bags for the use of soldiers. The Rev. Walter E. Howe was 
elected temporary chairman, and Miss Martha Burnet temporary secre- 
tary. 

"As soon as authority has been received from national headquarters, 
a public meeting will be called to formally organize the chapter and begin 
work. The use of St. John's parish house has been tendered for a head- 
quarters for its operation. 

"A hearty response, made with the suggestion that Dover take up 
this work, indicates that there is no real lack of patriotism here and 
that, should war break out. our town is ready to give of its best support 
to the government." 

On April 10, 1917. a mass meeting was held at Elite Hall, at which 
West Morris County Chapter, A. R. C, was formally organized with 
the following officers : 



112 

Chairman — Rev. Walter E. Howe. 
Vice-Chairman — Mrs. James T. Lowe. 
Secretary — Miss Martha A. Burnet. 
Treasurer — J. D. B. Vreeland. 

And the name "West Morris County Chapter" adopted at the 
requests of the Atlantic Division. 

The geographical limits of the chapter were defined as follows : 
Morris County, except that part covered by Madison Chapter, and the 
Town of Morristown, which was assigned to Morristown Chapter, and 
the Town of Stanhope, in Sussex County. At a later date the Atlantic 
Division found that Mendham was included in the territory of Morris- 
town Chapter. Still later, after Morristown Chapter had taken over, 
without our consent, an auxiliary organized at German (now Long) 
Valley, this town was relinquished to Morristown Chapter. In 191 8, by 
agreement with Sussex Chapter, Byram Township was added to our 
territory. 

Morristown Chapter has invaded the territory of West Morris 
Countv Chapter at Mt. Freedom, and has collected funds at Rockaway 
and Mt. Tabor. 

By April 14 the membership of the local Red Cross had increased to 
250, permanent headquarters had been established in the parish house 
of St. John's Church, through the courtesy of the vestry, and the follow- 
ing committees were organized : Extension, Canteen, Educational, 
Finance, Headquarters and Enrollment. 

Branches and auxiliaries were organized as follows : 
Branches — 

Wharton, April 23, 1917. 

Boonton, April 29, 1917. 

Rockaway, May 8, 191 7. 

Musconetcong, June 11, 1917 (including Stanhope, Netcong, Budd 
Lake), 
Auxiliaries — 

Denville, May 3, 191 7. 

Roxbury, May, 1917 (including Succasunna, Ledgewood, Flanders) 

Mountain Lakes, May, 191 7. 

Towaca, June 12, 1917. 

Parsippany, June i, 191 7. 

Hopatcong, July 11, 1917. 

Rockaway Valley, September 7, 191 7. 

Port Morris. October 12, 1917. (Disbanded January 6, 1918. 
Merged with Musconetcong.) 

Mine Hill. February 9, 1918. (Disbanded February, 1919.) 

Mount Hope, May 20, 191 8. 

Teabo, July, 191 8. 
IL Personnel. 

Chairman — 

Rev. W. E. Howe, Rector St. John's Church. April 10, 1917- 
November 28, 191 7. 



113 

Warren C. Van Benschoten, Deceml)er 12, 1917-November 
27, 1918. 

Robert Richards, Alderman, Town of Dover, November 27, 
1918- 
Vice-Chairman — 

Mrs. James T. Lowe. April 10, 1917-October 24, 1917. 

Robert Richards, October 24, 1917-August 28, 1918. 

W. H. Hosking, November 27, 1918-January 8, 1919. 

Charles B. Boyd, January 8, 1919- 
Secretary — 

Miss Martha A. Burnet, April 10, 1917- 

Miss Minerva Freeman, October 24, 1917- 
Assistant Secretary — 

Miss Mary Sutton, May 20, 1918- 
Treasurer — 

J. D. B. Vreeland, April 10, 1917-November 28, 1917. 

Samuel Male, December 12, 191 7- January 30, 1918. 

Harry A. Armitage, February 27, 1918-November 27, 1918. 

Fletcher L. Fritts. November 27, 1918-July i, 1919. 

Mrs. Edu^ard G. Lewis, July 25, 1919-August 13, 1919. 

Miss Mabel Herrick, August, 19 19- 
Committee Chairmen — 
Membership — 

Miss Ada Chandler, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. 

Mrs. S. C. Hume, November 27, 1918- 
Surgical Dressings — 

Dr. Julia Mutchler, October 24, 1917-August 7, 1918. 
Assistant — 

Mrs. F. F. Hummel, March, 1918-September, 19 18. 

Mrs. Peter MacMillan, August 7, 1918-November 27, 1918. 
Hospital Supplies — 

Mrs. Louise Fanning, April 10, 1917-August 7, 1918. 

Mrs. T. B. Fogarty, August 7, 1918-November 27, 1918. 
Supplies — 

Mrs. Emil Kattermann, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. 
Assistant — 

Mrs. James Govern, Octol^er 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. 

Mrs. Peter MacMillan, Novemljer 27, 1918- 
Finance — 

Harry R. Gill, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. 

James V. Laughlin, November 27, 1918- 
Chapter Production — 

Miss Mary F. Rose, November 27, 1918-July 2, 1918. 
Extension — 

Rev. W. E. Howe, October 24, 1917- 
Junior Work — 

Mrs. Max Heller, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. 

Miss Minerva Freeman, November 2"], 191 8- 



114 

Civilian Relief — 

Capen A. Fleming, November 28, 1917-November 2"], 1918. 

Mrs. J. W. Estler, September, 191 7- 

Mrs. T. B. Fogarty, November 27, 191 8- 
Influenza Epidemic — 

Mrs. Peter MacMillan. 
Publicity — 

Mrs. Rae M. Silberg, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. 

Miss Martha A. Burnet, November 27, 191 8- 

III, Organization. 

April 10, 1917, according to A. D. No. 149. 

Reorganized October 24, 191 7. 

Reorganized November 27, 1918, in accordance with latest instruc- 
tions from the Atlantic Division embodied in pamphlets entitled "Chapter 
Organization" and "By-Laws." 

IV, Method of Work. 

Methods of work were those prescribed by the Atlantic Division. 
The chairman of hospital supplies and of surgical dressings frequently 
visited Atlantic Division headquarters in New York for conference with 
the head of those departments, 

V, Record of Work. 

1. Drives — 

First Red Cross War Fund $639.84 

Second Red Cross War Fund. . . 45,723.29 

Christmas Roll Call, 1917 5,643.24 

Christmas Roll Call, 1918 8,779.00 

2. Supplies Manufactured — 

Three hundred and six cases containing surgical dressings, knitted 
articles, hospital garments, refugee garments and comfort kits. 

3. Surgical Dressings Classes and Work Rooms — 

During the first months of 1918, classes in surgical dressings were 
held by Dr. Julia Mutchler and Miss Killgore at different places, so that 
there were many trained workers throughout the chapter. An advanced 
or normal course was held at Mountain Lakes and Boonton. Early in 
the spring these classes were discontinued by order of the Atlantic Divi- 
sion. Fifteen work rooms were maintained until August, 19 18, when 
the curtailment of surgical dressings was ordered. For many months 
six rooms were maintained for work on the allotments ordered by the 
Atlantic Division. In addition each branch and auxiliary did local work 
in connection with the influenza epidemic, each supplying its own com- 
munity with pneumonia jackets, face masks and hospital supplies. Pica- 
tinny Arsenal was also furnished with similar supplies from the work 
rooms in Dover. 

4. First-Aid Classes — 

Dover 3 

Rockaway i 

Succasunna i 

Wharton i 

■ . Mountain Lakes ... i 



"5 

Instructor Enrolled Graduated 

Dr. W. F. Costello 41 27 

Dr. G. H. Foster 12 8 

Dr. C. A. riume 10 9 

Dr. H. W. Kice 34 H 

Dr. Bernstein 20 14 

Most of the other places ignored the chapter and sent lists directly 
to Washington. 

5. Junior Activities^ 

Junior auxiliaries, 13; membership, 3,402, as follows: 

(139 
Boonton (one organization, three schools) . . ( 184. 

( 468 ; 

Denville 106 

Dover Northside School 1.150 

Dover Southside School 329 

]\Iarcella 48 

Mine Hill 42 

Mount Hope Avenue, Rockaway Township. . 42 

Mountain Lakes 132 

Morris County Children's Home 25 

Rockaway (one organization, two schools) . ( 251 

( 341 

Towaco 100 

St. John's School, Boonton 45 

Total 3.402 

Their work consisted of 1,255 sewed and 681 knitted articles, also 
poultrv raising and gardening ; funds contributed to National Children's 
Fund,' $280.6 1. 

6. Belgian Relief — 

Used clothing. Mrs. Luther Tompkins and Mrs. Edward G. Lewis. 
First drive, September 23-30, 1918, 8,450 ix)unds ; second drive, March 
24-31, 1919, 5,241 pounds. 

7. Military Relief — 

Knitted garments (sweaters, caps, helmets, scarfs) furnished to 
soldiers at Picatinny .\rsenal and marines and sailors at Naval Ammu- 
nition Depot, Lake Denmark. N. J., in accordance with directions 
received from John Magee, director, Military Relief. Atlantic Division. 

8. Civilian Relief. 

In addition to the cases that came under the care of the home 
service committee, this chapter co-operated with the town authorities in 
furnishing and maintaining an emergency hospital containing twenty 
l)eds and seventy patients in St. John's parish house during the Si)anish 
influenza ei)idemic. October-November, 1918. Musconetcong branch 
organized and maintained an emergency hospital at Stanhope. New 
Jersey. In other branches and auxiliaries persons who had taken first- 
aid courses rendered valuable aid in caring for the sick in their homes. 



ii6 

9. Publicity — 

The chairman has received all communications from the Atlantic 
Division, intended for publication, through the local chapter ; has taken 
extracts therefrom and had same published in the local newspapers 
weekly and sometimes semi-weekly. The public has been given detailed 
monthly reports of all meetings of the executive committe, also items of 
interest to local Red Cross activities. 

10. Membership — 9,011. 

11. Celebration for "boys," supper and parade, July 16-17, 1919. 
The chairman of the luncheon committee, Mrs. Louise Fanning, 

reported that on July 16 a supper was served in Arcanum Hall to the 
soldiers and sailors of the Second District of Morris County, by the 
members of West Morris County Chapter. In addition to contributions 
of money from the various branches and auxiliaries, one hundred quarts 
of ice cream were donated by W. C. Van Benschoten, and one hundred 
cakes were donated by members of the Red Cross. After the supper a 
sale of ice cream and cake was held, netting $36.55, and the remainder 
of the cakes were donated to Dover General Hospital, the local Salva- 
tion Army, and the Children's Home, at Parsippany. The treasurer. 
Miss Mary Sutton, reported receipts amounting to $194.65, and expenses 
$107.23, leaving a balance of $87.42, which, plus 75 cents, was donated 
to the World War veterans. 

Chapter History Committee, 
Walter Edwin Howe, Mary Sutton, 

Louise Fanning, Minerva Freeman, Chairman. 

HONOR TO WHOM HONOR IS DUE 
Robert Richards, Chairman, West Morris County Chapter. 

The month of February, 1922, has come and gone, with its patriotic 
holidays in honor of Lincoln and Washington, long celebrated in our 
schools by special exercises commemorative of these great Americans 
•and the principles for which they stand. We now face a new day with 
its international conferences consequent upon a greater struggle than 
Lincoln or Washington knew. May their noble example still be potent 
in leading us forward to a world peace founded upon true principles of 
world statesmanship. America means mojje to the world than it did 
fifty years ago. 

We incorporate in our "Dover Dates" the history of the American 
Legion and the report of the West Morris Chapter of the American Red 
Cross as one means of commemorating the patriotic services of men and 
women in Dover and vicinity. And we should remember that many not 
prominent in these orgajiizations contributed in other ways to the sup- 
port of those who were at the front. 

The plain facts and figures of the Red Cross report should be read 
•with sympathetic interest by thinking men and women. Those facts 
and figures are illuminated by the following verses contributed by Miss 
Freeman, suggesting in other terms than statistics the spirit in which the 
West Morris Chapter did its part. The committee expressed their 
appreciation of Miss Freeman's efficiency as secretary by presenting her 
with a Red Cross service medal. 



11/ 



WOMAN'S WORK IN THE RED CROSS 
While the men of our nation do battle 

In the l)lood-drenched fields of France, 
And with Briton and Gaul and F"leming 

Are checking the Hun's advance, 



'Tis the ancient lot of us women 
To practice each homely art. 

To wait at the rear and the sidelines. 
And loyally do our part. 

So. under the banner of service 
We, too. enlist for the fight. 

And never our hearts shall falter 
Until the great triumph of Right. 

In city and town and in hamlet 
And places remote from our ken 

We women have answered the summons 
And we follow the steps of our men. 

In humble cot and in mansion. 
From dawn until late at night. 

In the hands of women and maidens 
The needles are flashing bright. 

And under our busy fingers 
The piles of garments grow — 

Sweaters and caps and mufflers, 
In cases, row upon row ; 

Comfort kits for our soldiers. 
Surgical dressings, supplies. 

And millions of "refugee garments," 
For the needs of our brave Allies. 

Beneath the red cross of our banner, 
W'ith its field of snowy white, 

Eager, devoted, untiring, 

We women toil on, day and night. 

And though our bodies be wearv. 
Our labors shall never cease 

Till the jangling tocsin of warfare 
Gives way to the joy-bells of peace. 



ii8 

THE FIRST DECADE OF THE WOMAN'S CLUB OF 

DOVER 
By Minerva Freeman 

One of the undertakings of the Woman's Ckib which involved a 
great amount of labor, with a corresponding amount of satisfaction, was 
its share in checking up the 1917-1918 birth record. The State register 
of vital statistics for that year was known to l^e incorrect, and the 
woman's committee of tiie State Council of National Defense requested 
the Woman's Clubs throughout the State to make a house-to-house 
canvass in their districts, examine baptismal records in the churches, 
and check up their findings with the local registrar of vital statistics. 
The district allotted to the Dover Woman's Club included Dover, Whar- 
ton, Mine Hill, Shongum. Millbrook. Center Grove, Mt. Freedom and 
every house along the roads leading to these tovv^ns and villages. The 
civics committee organized the town into districts, and with the aid of 
residents in the other communities a thorough canvass was made. A 
list of more than 240 babies was made, including names of babies whose 
births had not been recorded and which were added to the State register 
of vital statistics. The Woman's Club takes pleasure in acknowledging 
the splendid co-operation of John G. Taylor, local health inspector and 
registrar of vital statistics. For this work the Woman's Club received 
special commendation from the State chairman of the woman's com- 
mittee. New Jersey State Council of Defense, at a social gathering of 
all the "workers" held at the home of the club president when the work 
was completed. 

The Woman's Club has always co-operated with the public library 
in every possible way, and has accumulated a small sum of money to be 
contributed some time toward the construction of a permanent library 
building. 

For several years the Woman's Club has been a member of the 
Travelers' Aid Association, and the club's representative, Mrs. Walter 
E. Howe, has on many occasions rendered valuable assistance to inexpe- 
rienced travelers, young children who were traveling alone, etc. 

The entire time of the club members has not been spent at "hard 
labor," as might be imagined. Once a month a program meeting has 
been held, and some of these meetings have been addressed by very 
distinguished speakers. 

A partial list includes : 

May Riley Smith, former president of Sorosis. 

Jessie B. Rittenhouse, Poetess. 

Mrs. Beatrice Stern, of Newark. "Woman and Labor." 

Mrs. Alice Jaynes, secretary of Consumers' League. 

Dr. J. J. Savitz, principal State Normal School, Trenton, on "The 
Relation of the Home to the School." 

Colonel Edwin A. Stevens, of Hoboken. State road commissioner. 

Mrs. William T. Ropes, president, New Jersey State Federation of 
Woman's Clubs. 



119 

Mrs. John R. Schermerhorn, president. 

Mrs. Charles W. Stockton, president. 

Miss Sarah Askew. State Hbrarian. Trenton. 

Mrs. Julia Heath, founder of the National Housewives' League. 

Dr. Katherine Bement Davis, former police commissioner, New 
York City. 

Dr. Mary Gordon, of England, relief work with Serbian army. 

Sergeant Ruth Farnham, officer of Serbian army. 

Mrs. E. F. Feikert, State Republican vice-chairman for women 
voters. 

Mrs. Otto Wittpenn, State Democratic vice-chairman for women 
voters. 

Hon. William N. Runyon, Senator and ex-Governor of New Jersey. 

C. L. Stonaker, secretary State Charities Aid and Prison Reform 
Association of New Jersey. 

The following is a list of the presidents of the cIuIj during the first 
decade of its existence: 

Mrs. R. A. Bennett, Mrs. S. J. Palmer, Mrs. T. J. Winslade, Mrs. 
Seth Ely. 

A series of informal lawn and porch parties are usually held at 
homes of members during the summer, as well as the annual whist and 
dance which is given each winter. 

The Woman's Club celebrates its birthday each year by an annual 
birthday party, at which a special entertainment is provided for the 
members and a donation presented to the Salvation Army to be used for 
the children's Christmas celebration. For several years the little Belgian 
Christmas stocking has received a generous contribution for the little 
children overseas. 

The directors of the music department have always utilized the 
talent of the club members and their friends by presenting delightful 
vocal and instrumental selections at every meeting, and for several years 
the Woman's Club had a splendid orchestra, under the efficient direction 
of Miss Alice Rogers. One pleasant feature of each meeting in recent 
years has been ten or fifteen minutes devoted to community singing. 

The dramatic talent of many club meml)ers was discovered and 
developed by Miss Ruth Beth Watts, and several noteworthy productions 
have been given. In addition to the annual high-class vaudeville given 
by the club members for several years, the club gave finished and artistic 
presentations of Tennyson's "Princess"; "The Taming of the Shrew"; 
"The W^orsted Man," by John Kendrick Bangs. The Shakespearean 
tercentenary was celebated by presenting scences from "As You Like It," 
"Romeo and Juliet" and "The Taming of the Shrew." In recent years 
Miss Jane Lynd has arranged a number of very charming little plavs 
and folk dances by children, and a beautiful old English Christmas 
pageant for the club's seventh anniversary. 



,120 

The Woman's Club of Dover boasts three daughter clubs, at Long 
Valley, Chester and Succasunna. It has always maintained most cor- 
dial and intimate relations with these clubs, as well as the Boonton and 
Mountain Lakes clubs, and many delightful friendships have grown out 
of these club visits. 

While the Woman's Club is proud of its achievements during the 
past decade, the members realize that they are deeply indebted to the 
kindness of the men who have so generously co-operated with them and 
aided them in every undertaking, viz. : 

S. J. Palmer, for the use of Palmer Hall without charge. 

Board of Education, for the high school auditorium. 

Vestry of St. John's Church, for the parish house. 

Mayor and Councils, for co-operation in many enterprises. 

Charles Munson, host of club at Pine Terrace Inn. 

Dover merchants, for financial support. 

Editors of local papers, for many courtesies. 

The club has reached the stage where it feels the need of a perma- 
nent home, and members are devoting their energies to accumulating a 
fund to be used eventually for the purchase of a club house, which shall 
also serve the town as a much-needed community house. 

"Woman has found a joy in all her work. 
Because through it she may express herself, 
Her longings, aspirations and desires. 
She feels herself a part within the plan 
Of all the universe. With lonely heart 
No longer does she stand, but. joining hands 
With all the hosts of women through the world, 
Works with them for a common goal at last, 
And sees attainment, where before there was 
Much drudgery and weariness and doubt. 
In magic uniform she now keeps step. 
Obeys, commands, accomplishes ; and Hope, 
Resplendent, crowns her efforts day by day." 

THE RHYME OF THE WOMAN'S CLUB OF DOVER 

NEW JERSEY 

1912-1919 

By Minerva Freeman, Sometime Secretary 
Dear friends, we give you greeting fair on this our festal day ; 
We bid you in our gladness share, with spirits light and gay. 
As one who, having reached a height, surveys the scene below, 
Obstacles vanishing from sight, only the beauties show, 
So, having climbed for seven years, we look back o'er our past — 
Vanished the ridicule and jeers; only the pleasures last. 
To tell you all the aims we've sought would be an endless task ; 
To mention some achievements wrought, permission we will ask. 
The civics group found dirt a foe to proper sanitation ; 



121 

Whate'er is done they do it well ; they always draw a throng. 
Straightway they set to work, and so soon changed the situation. 
They purchased rubbish cans galore, and "Clean-Up Week" they founded 
Where weeds had flourished rank before, fair flowers now abounded. 

Each opportunity they seize the town to beautify ; 

A row of splenclid maple trees to Hurd Park they supply. 

This year, in August's scorching heat, the State requested aid ; 

Its tale of births was not complete ; a survey must be made. 

So, not alone in Dover, but in the county 'round 

They traveled, tireless, up and down, and every infant found. 

The Housewives' League lagged not behind ; they made sharp-eyed 

inspections 
Of every dairy they could find, searching in all directions. 
The stores and shops, the bakeries too — no place they missed or slighted ; 
Painstakingly they brought to view all things that germs invited. 
No hidden spot escaped their glance if microbes there might lurk; 
Unceasing was their viligance; untiring was their work. 

Next, in associative bands, they home and school united ; 

The welfare of our land demands that youth should not be slighted. 

The club donated many seeds to children of the schools ; 

Fiercely the}; battled with the weeds ; they followed all the rules. 

Till stalwart stalks of Indian corn, asters of varied hue. 

Were proudly to the club rooms borne when harvest time was due. 

Later a Christmas party came ; 'twas filled with glad surprises ; 
With laughter sweet and hearty joy they all received their prizes. 
And many other things we've done, well worthy your attention, 
But since the time is speeding on, none but a few we'll mention. 

To make our town a healthful place we strive with might and main ; 
We've sent our nurse, with heart of grace, to ease the pangs of pain. 
We instituted "Baby Week," with weight and measure test ; 
The mothers were not far to seek — they came at our behest. 

Each worthy cause we help along ; we aid the best we can ; 
We labor hard to right each wrong with money, work or plan. 
When war was taking toll of lives, unceasing was our toil; 
We helped "put over" all the drives — faithful we were and loyal. 
For the Red Cross we served with zeal, our fingers flying fast ; 
We gave our time to others' weal ; ourselves considered last. 

Not all our energies we spent in public enterprise. 

For in this club is no intent all pleasure to despise. 

In the dramatic art we found performers not a few ; 

Plays over all the world renowned they placed before our view. 

In vaudeville our girls excel in both the dance and song ; 



1 22 • 

The charms of music always thrill our hearts to ecstasies ; 
Our orchestra with rarest skill makes sweetest melodies. 

In wisdom's way our pathway lies. Eager to know each thing, 

We humbly hear the message wise that learned speakers bring. 

And now, before we separate to go our various ways. 

Our friends we wish to celebrate with their due meed of praise. 

The ofificers, who guided us with wisdom, tact and skill, 

Faithful, whate'er betided us, their duties to fulfill; 

Our members, too, leal women all, who strive with all their might 

Always to answer duty's call, strong to uphold the right ; 

The host of men, who., year by year, their aid and counsel give — 

We owe to them our thanks sincere ; they help our club to live. 

Much happiness the past contained ; the future holds still more ; 
For us the goal is not attained ; our prizes lie before. 
Now let us take to-day, dear friends, our motto tried and true, 
"By noblest means the noblest ends" we strive our work to do. 
Then will be heard a glad refrain, acclaimed the whole town over ; 
Thousands will rise to bless our name — the Woman's Club of Dover. 

HURD PARK 
Donated by John W. Hurd and Dedicated, October 12th, 191 1 
I lived a neighbor to Mr. Hurd for thirty-one years and knew his 
mother and sister, wife and two daughters, who all lived together. We 
visited back and forth and they were among our best friends. After a 
few years' acquaintance, his mother and sister died, next his oldest 
daughter, then his wife, and last his youngest daughter passed away and 
left him all alone. 

About two years before he died, knowing he had no immediate rela- 
tives to leave his property to, I spoke to him about leaving the meadow 
(as we used to call it) to the Town for a park. He was a good-natured, 
jolly, unassuming old man, but was very slow in committing himself ; 
so he smiled and passed it off and there was no use pressing the matter 
and so it went on for some time. Nearly every time I would call on 
him I would ask him to consider the matter and finally I said to him one 
night, "Your family was one of the earliest settlers of Dover and among 
the prominent families of the town and you are the last one of the 
family. A short time after you are gone, the family name will be 
forgotten. Leave this land across the street to the town and we will 
call it Hurd Park, and it will be a monument to you and your family 
forever." He smiled and said he would think it over. I repeated the 
above to him from time to time and at the end of two years he sent for 
me to come down to his house. He said to me, "Mr. Buck, I have 
thought the matter over and decided to give the town the land for a 
park." A deed was made out the following day. 



123 

At the next Council meetinfj, I presented to the town, on l)ehalf of 
Mr. John W. Hurd. the deed for the land, consisting of ahout nine 
acres to be used for a park and for no other purpose. I consider the 
property at this writins^^ worth about $100,000.00. He was criticized by 
people for unloading it on the town, that it was not worth paying taxes 
on and so forth. Same old story, God himself could not please every- 
body. 

The Council then appointed Mr. Emil Katterman, D. R. Hummer 
and myself Park Commissioners and about the first thing we did was 
to put our hands in our pocket for money to buy an iron flag pole, and 
the Hoagland Guards presented the flag. 

On October 12th, 191 1, the Hurd Park was dedicated. There was 
a great procession of the fire department, lodges, school children and 
soldiers from the Arsenal and it was one of the biggest days in the 
history of Dover up to that time. Mr. Hurd sat upon his porch and 
enjoyed it all and it was one of the happiest days of his life. He died 
on December thirty-first following the dedication. 

A short time after the dedication, the Park Commission was changed 
by the Common Council to a Shade Tree Commission and we came 
under the State Law of Shade Tree Commissions, with an income of 
one-tenth of a mill per dollar on the total assessment of the town. In 
other words, when the total assessment is $5,000,000.00 the Shade Tree 
Commission, under the law, receives for working capital $500.00 a year. 
One or two years it took all our income to spray the elm trees of the 
town. Once in a while the Town Council would appro])riate an extra 
$500.00 a year, which we applied to do a little work in the park, princi- 
pally in cutting the grass and filling it in. Then the World War broke 
out and labor was so high, it was impossible to think of develo])ing the 
park at such prices, so things lay dormant until the matter of a Soldiers' 
Monument came up in 1921 and it happened in this way. I had noticed 
in driving through the country in my car that several towns had secured 
a couple of cannons from the Government and I wrote to the Secretary 
of War for two cannons to place in Hurd Park, and I succeeded in 
securing them, but it was necessary to have Mayor Lynd sign the appli- 
cation, so I attended the following meeting of the Council and stated 
my case and they all seemed pleased that we had secured something for 
the Park. Then it occurred to me and I told the Council, I had seen a 
number of towns where they had brought in a large rock from the moun- 
tains and put a bronze tablet on it, with an inscription like this, 'Tn 
memory of the \^eterans of the World War," put a flower bed around it 
and a cannon on each side, and why not do the same thing for Dover? 
The Mayor and Council thought it would be a fine idea, just what was 
needed and asked me if I would try and get up something and place it 
in the park. I replied. "I would .see what could be done and report 
later." 

The next day I thought the matter over and decided that such a 
monument was on entirely too small a scale for a town like Dover. I 
then thought of three or four stones. I went out in the woods and 
secured half a dozen, but that was a failure, so I went again for more 



124 

stones and repeated it a number of times and built up a mound of 
stones in my office. Then the idea of a stone for each man, with a 
bronze plate — with his name on it, struck me and I pasted a small piece 
of paper on them to represented the bronze plates and then came the idea 
of planting flowers in between the stones and I went home and had Mrs. 
Buck get out some of her old hats and give me the flowers that were on 
them to put between the stones and then I had a miniature of the present 
monument. 

Mayor Lynd came along and I showed it to him and he was so 
favorably impressed with it that he asked me to set it up in the Council 
room for their next meeting, the following Monday evening. I did as 
he requested and they all thought so well of it that they passed a resolu- 
tion adopting the model as a plan for a Soldiers' Monument and instruct- 
ed me to place it anywhere in the Hurd Park I thought was suitable, and 
before I left the Council Room I had $100.00 subscribed to it. Had I 
not gone to the Council meeting to get Mayor Lynd's signature I would 
never have built the monument. 

Then our newspapers, the "Dover Advance" and the "Dover Index," 
took the matter up and boosted it and subscriptions began to come in and 
grow and started the foundation, which is eighteen feet in diameter 
and four feet deep and had to build fires around it to keep the concrete 
from freezing till we got it finished. Winter set in and stopped any 
further work until Spring. 

As soon as the snow disappeared in March, we started to look for 
native stone that had lain in the weather for thousands of years and 
were still sound and without any flaws in them and it was like going up 
Broadway in New York looking for a perfect man — ninety-nine out of 
a hundred had a flaw in them and we scoured the country, east and west, 
from Hibernia almost to Andover and north and south the same in order 
to find enough to build the monument. 

Then the loading and sorting was very expensive. Many of them 
weigh from one to three and a half tons; some a little smaller, that were 
easier to handle. Next came the placing of them in the monument. 
Take a stone weighing two tons and place it here. "No, turn it over." 
"That will not do." "Try it over there." "Well, that won't fit; here is 
an opening; try it over here." "Let it rest there for the present and we 
will find a place later." And so it was all the way from the bottom to 
the top. It is much harder to lay stones as they are in the monument 
than to build a solid stone wall, and very slow and expensive to handle 
such large stones. Then began the criticisms and faultfinders, who 
never gave a cent towards it ; but subscriptions kept growing without my 
asking for a dollar. 

A few of my best friends, who could well afford it, never mentioned 
monument to me or I to them, and they never gave one cent towards it, 
but we got along without them. We will not have to write their names 
on the list to be framed and hung up in the Council Room. And people 
who could the least afi'ord it. came forward and gave liberally and really 
more than their share. One man said to me. when the monument was 
nearly completed. "Here is $5.00, Mr. Buck; all I can afford; but I 



125 

feel I would be ashamed of myself hereafter if I did not contribute 
something to such a memorial as you are building for our heroes and 
veterans, and which will be a credit to our town. 

The Soldiers' Monument of the Second Selective District of Morris 
County was dedicated at the Hurd Park on Memorial Day, 1922, with 
the following program : 

Capt. J. W. Farrow, Chairman 
OPEXIXG Mr. Peter C. Buck 

President Dover Shade Tree Commission 

CHORUS — "America'' Arcanum Band 

School Children and Assemblage 

ADDRESS OF WELCOME Hon. W. H. Hosking 

Mayor of Dover 

CHORUS — "Memorial Day Song" School Children 

INVOCATION Rev. J. F. Bindenberger, 

Pastor First M. E. Church, Dover 

One minute of silence will be observed by the assemblage in honor 
of deceased soldiers and sailors of wars of the United States and the 
bravest of the brave, their mothers, wives and sisters, who gave their 
loved ones for their country. 

REMARKS Adjutant Alonzo B. Searing 

James McDavit Post, No. 54, G. A. R. 

READING ROLL OF HONOR Capt. J. W. Farrow 

REMARKS — Spanish War Sergeant Warren Sumburger 

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS Miss Ruth Meyer 

LIST OF HONORED DEAD in whose memory the monument is 
erected, by F. F. Apgar, Commander, W. H. Baker Post, 
American Legion. 

ORATION Hon. William N. Runyon 

DEDICATION by Edward A. McGrath 

State Adjutant, American Legion 

UNVEILING by Miss Florence Baker 

"STAR SPANGLED BANNER" Arcanum Band 

Assemblage Standing at Attention 

RIFLE SALUTE U. S. MARINES 

TAPS 

EXIT MARCH— "Over There" Arcanum Band 

The monument was unveiled by Miss Florence Baker, daughter of 
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Baker and sister of William Hedges Baker, for 
whom the Dover Post of the American Legion is named. 

It is to be regretted that Hon. William N, Runyon could not attend, 
having a previous engagement. 



126 

All credit for raising the money to build the monument is due to our 
newspapers, the "Dover Advance" and the "Dover Index," who kept in 
touch with me and kindly published items from week to week, free of 
charge, from start to finish, and the "Rockaway Record" also assisted 
us, which if we had to pay for it all would place them among our largest 
subscribers. Thanks to our newspapers. 

The bronze statue is entitled "The Spirit of the American Dough- 
boy," and was recommended by the National Memorial Committee to 
the National Executive Committee of the American Legion, as one 
hundred per cent, perfect, in the selection of a National Memorial 
Statue in Centralia, Washington. It was designed by the American 
Doughboy Company of Americus, Georgia, and made in Chicago. 

The large bronze tablet was donated by Charles N. Polasky and has 
the following inscription on it: 

"In Memory of the Veterans of the World War and the Men who 
gave their lives for their Country from this District, whose names 
appear on the stones below." Erected 1922. 

There were thirty-eight men who died, from the Second District of 
Morris County, and there is a stone for each man, with a bronze tablet 
with his name on as follows : 



Harry B. Anderson 

Herbert Atkins 
William H. Baker 
John R. Booth 
Charles C. Buck 
W. Joseph Bickert 
Thomas A. Cannon 
John Castimore 
Bertram Chamberlain 

Samuel Chiarella 
Bertram F. Cox 
James A. Donaldson 
Frank Feeley 
William H. Flatt 
Ernest J. Harner 
Michael J. Hartford 
James C. Hennessey 
William J. Hocking 
Peter V. Farley 



John Thomas 
Stephen Huested 
Anthony Kepler 
Michael Kedzuf 
William W. Lewis 
Vincent Manning 
George E. AIcKenna 
Alward W. Meeker 
Henry F. Meeker 
N. Leslie Mulligan 
Richard S. Parke 
LeRoy Quail 
John J. Reiley 
Frank E. Reynolds 
Edgar B. Rogers 
Herbert Smith 
Henry Stark 
George T. Swackhammer 
Anthony Sylvester 



127 

The following is one copy of many letters received from families 
of the soldiers, who gave their lives for their country, showing their 
appreciation of the Soldiers' Monument, huilt in memory of the World 
War. 

June /th, 1922. 
Mr. P. C. Buck, 

Dover, New Jersey. 
My dear Mr. Buck : 

Enclosed is a check to be added to the monument fund. 
Those of my family who have had opportunity to see the 
monument consider it not only an appropriate memorial, but 
also a lasting work of rugged beauty. The appreciation of 
the whole community is due you for bringing about the erection 
of it. 

To some of us that monument is more than just an orna- 
ment of public interest and your efforts go beyond those of a 
public-spirited citizen. 

Cordially yours. 

It was estimated that there were about six thousand people attend- 
ing the dedication exercises. It was a beautiful day, but quite warm, and 
was a day long to be rememberd by everyl)ody. 

During the Winter, the Mayor and Council appropriated $10,000 
for permanent improvements in Hurd Park and we hope in a few years 
to complete the park, which will be a big asset to our town, and we hope 
in the future that others will do like Mr. Hurd, leave the town a little 
something to remember them by and to beautify and make Dover a 
better place to live in. 

P. C. Buck. 

DOVER POST OFFICE FACTS 
Note: — In Munsell's History of Morris County (1882) we find 
that Col. Joseph Jackson was appointed by George Washington as the 
first postmaster at Rockaway in 1791. Dover people made that their 
post office until Jacob Losey was made postmaster here, which may have 
been in 1820 or earlier; probably earlier. Other postmasters of Dover 
following Jacob Losey were David Sandford. Sydney Breese, John Mar- 
shall Losey (until 1857), Maria B. Losey (until 1863), Ephraim 
Lindsley, Wilmot Thompson, Alpheus ]jeemer, Guido M. Hinchman 
(1882). Thus we have the "ai)ostolic succession" of postmasters (1791- 
[922). 

The names of John Marshall Losey and his widow. ]\raria B. 
Losey. have been interpolated from information given in a letter of 
Jieir daughter, Mrs. Livermure. Editor. 

Mrs. Charlotte S. Hurd "Jias contributed the following data : 
Names and Appointments of Postmasters from 1888 to 1922 : 



128 

James S. Melick 1888 C. H. Bennett 1908 

Capt. D. S. Allen 1892 F. F. Hummel 1916 

Wm. Pollard 1894 J. W. Hummer, Acting. . . . 1918 

Geo. McCracken 1896 C. S. Hurd, Acting 1919 

G. C. Hinchnian 1901 C. S. Hurd, appointed 1920 

(present incumbent) 
Dover was a third class office until July first, 1901, when the 
receipts of the office warranted the establishment of city delivery service, 
employing four city carriers. 

In 1914, parcel post matter not exceeding twenty pounds in weight 
was accepted for mailing, with provision made for insurance of valuable 
parcels, and a C. O. D. system was also installed. The growth of the 
business was so rapid that the weight of parcels was shortly increased 
to fifty pounds and since then to seventy pounds. 

The business of the Dover office has outgrown three buildings since 
the present incumbent has been engaged in postoffice work. Part of 
the building now occupied by the National Union Bank was used for 
postoffice quarters for a number of years until the office was classified as 
a second-class office and the establishment of city delivery in 1901, when 
the space was found inadequate and new quarters were sought in the 
building now occupied by A. M. Ryan as a shoe store and W. O. Brown, 
wholesale music dealer, a short distance east of the First Methodist 
Church. This building was occupied from 1900 to 1910, when a new 
office was built at 5 Warren street by W. H. Baker, giving much more 
room and better working facilities. At the expiration of ten years these 
quarters were found too small for the business transacted and we were 
again forced to seek new quarters, since the office had advanced to a 
first-class office. 

The W. H. Baker Estate built the present postoffice building a 
short distance south of the 1900- 1 910 building, and equipped it with 
up-to-date equipment, providing for growth of business for ten years at 
least. 

We now have a force of eight clerks, eight city carriers, two rural 
carriers, also special delivery and mail messenger. Parcel post matter 
is delivered daily by automobile, whereas in 1914 to 191 5 it was deliv- 
ered by carrier on foot. Then a horse and wagon delivery was made, 
semi-weekly, until 1920, when a motorcycle with side car was installed 
for delivery of parcel post, and in February, 1922, the postoffice depart- 
ment furnished a Ford truck to be used daily in delivery of parcels, 
since the business at the local office had outgrown former methods of 
delivery. 



129 

THE DOVER FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY 

In 1839 there was a lyceum or literary society in Dover. Jacob 
Lundy Brotherton read a poem at one of its meetings, ending with 
these hnes : 

Dover ! gem amid the hills. 

Smiling with morn's benignant face, 
Thine industry shall weave a crown 

That thou shalt wear with regnant grace. 

Possibly this society may have gathered together a few books in the 
interests of literary culture. But we do know that the Sons of Temper- 
ance, another society that was formed about this time, had a small col- 
lection of good books for circulation among the people and this was 
known as "The S. of T. Library." Among these books was a set of 
Prescott's histories. When the S. of T. could no longer provide housing 
for these books, William Young gave them a place in his bakery on 
Dickerson street and acted as librarian. 

In October of 1901 the Octagon Club of Dover decided to form a 
public library. This was a Club of ladies who met for reading, to 
"improve their minds." The club consisted of Mrs. Louise M. Whipple, 
Miss Sue H. Crittenden, Dr. Elizabeth W. Griscom, Mrs. E. D. Neigh- 
bour, Mrs. Potts and Mrs. Robert Killgore, Mrs. A. T. Van Gelder and 
Miss Marion D, Beach. 

In December they asked for the use of the study of the old Pres- 
byterian Church, opposite the present Memorial Church. This was 
granted and Rev. Dr. Halloway also loaned them his bookcases that 
remained in the old study. The ladies secured a traveling library from 
Trenton and took turns being librarian. They had no library funds, 
except as they secured private subscriptions. Miss Harriet A. Breese 
was finally appointed the first regular librarian and continued so until 
she went to California for her health and the town took over the library 
in 1904. 

This brief historic note may serve to introduce the latest report of 
the Dover Free Public Library, given herewith in the "Dover Dates" 
column, as a significant and worthy feature of the history of this com- 
munity, functioning in this bicentennial year and having possibilities of 
increasing usefulness in the future. 

Library StaflF — Miss Martha A. Burnet, librarian ; Miss Nina 
WoodhuU. first assistant; Miss Mildred Powers, second assistant. 

Library Trustees for 1922 — Mr. D. B. O'Brien, president; His 
Honor, W. H. Hosking, Mayor of Dover; Roswell S. Bowlby. super- 
intendent of schools; Mr. Charles D. Piatt, Mr. Louis Harris and two 
of the founders of the library, Mrs. Robert Killgore and Mrs. E. D. 
Neighbour. 



130 

LIBRARIAN'S REPORT FOR 1921 

The Seventeenth Annual Report of the Free PubHc Library, and 
the tenth report under the administration of your present Ubrarian, is 
herewith respectfully submitted. 

The Library has been open 301 days, being closed on Sundays and 
holidays. Number of books issued for home use 41,710, an increase of 
7,013 over 1920 and the largest circulation on the records of the Library. 
Number of books added 763 ; by purchase 710, gifts 53. These books 
had been accumulating for some time and many were worn past repair 
or even rebinding. One hundred seventy of the best were sent to the 
Summer Camp of the Rahway Reformatory. Five hundred sixty new 
borrowers were added during the year, making a total registration of 
8,875 since the opening of the Library. 

No effort has ever been made to keep a record of the number of 
persons using the library for reading and reference, but from a conserva- 
tive estimate we find that the use of the magazines and reference books 
has increased in a marked degree, a large percentage of these readers 
being men and boys. 

The new schedule of hours has been in operation for the past year 
and wider use of the library has shown the desirability of the lengthened 
hours of service. The additional space which was added to the Library 
last spring has been of great advantage. Not only is the office more con- 
venient, but the main room provides more space for the Girls' and Boys' 
Section, but even with this addition we are greatly over-crowded. 

The two book stacks made by the pupils of the Manual Training 
Department of the High School have been in constant use and add greatly 
to the attractiveness of the Library. The report of the work with the 
schools is almost a repetition of that of last year, except that it shows an 
added growth in all lines. 

The classes of instruction in the "Use of Books and Libraries" were 
held from October to April and on June 21st, no certificates were 
presented by the Library to the graduates of the Grammar School. 
Libraries have been placed in five more class rooms and at the beginning 
of the school year a library of seventy-five books was sent to the High 
School. The total number of books for school use, purchased from the 
"Special School Library Fund," is now 1,265. Statistics submitted by 
the schools show a circulation of 4,724, which represents many hours of 
reading, both for pleasure and profit. In addition to the "Class Room 
Libraries," 150 of our own books were set aside for High School 
reading, and, as usual, a large part of the reference work was in connec- 
tion with the schools. Pupils were sent to the Library each day for 
information on various subjects, as well as for debate and theme 
material. 

In view of the growth of the reference work the Library stands in 
great need of a recent edition of the International Encyclopedia to replace 
the out-of-date set now in use, and the Encyclopedia Britannica for adult 
use. 



131 

The librarian has spoken at three meetings of the Home and School 
Association and told stories to the children in several class rooms. 

Durino; "Good Book Week," a special collection of books was bor- 
rowed from Trenton and displayed in one of the show windows of the 
New Jersey Power and Light Company, and a talk on good reading was 
given to the older pupils of the North Side School. In April an exhibit 
of books on gardening was shown in the window of Berry's Hardware 
Store, with the result that, during the Spring, garden books were in 
great demand. 

As the year 192 1 was the six hundredth anniversary of the death 
of Dante, an effort was made to interest our readers by featuring the 
Dante collection, together with a few attractive pictures borrowed from 
the Newark Library. 

The Bulletin of our Dover Library has been continued and has 
served as a medium to bring to the attention of our patrons books on 
current topics as well as the new books. Book lists have also appeared 
in the local papers. 

One of the most forward steps in the interest of education in Morris 
County was the decision at the November election to establish a County 
Librarv. A long and intensive campaign had been carried on by 
municipal libraries to bring about this result. A County Library will 
be of material aid to the Dover Library, as the out-of-town borrowers 
will be transferred to the County Library and we will be on the exchange 
list. 

The Dover Library was represented at the meetings of the New 
Jersey Library Association, held at Atlantic City and East Orange, 
at a special meeting at the Morristown Library during "Good Book 
Week." also at the annual meeting of the New Jersey Congress of 
Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations held at Trenton. 

Gifts of books, pictures and periodicals have been received and are 
greatlv appreciated. The Li])rary is also indebted to the local newspapers 
for printing book lists and library news. Through the courtesy of neigh- 
boring libraries many of our patrons have been supplied with books on 
special subjects. 

The Library staff remains the same as last year and the creditable 
work accomplished is demonstrated in this report. 

The librarian attended a weekly course in Library Administration 
at the New York Library School for three months and gained many new 
ideas which have been successfully carried out during the past year. 

The librarian would acknowledge her indebtedness to the members 
of the Board of Trustees for their consideration and assistance, and 
would again emphasize the fact that no library can take its proper place 
in the life of a community, when, as for the last ten years, the work is 
carried on in inadequate rooms. The year 1922 should see steps taken 
to procure a permanent building and a branch library established in the 
northern section of the town. 

The Library met with a great loss during the past year in the death 
of Mr. Isaac W. Searing. The following memorial has been adopted by 
the Board of Trustees. 



132 

MR. ISAAC WEBB SEARING AND THE DOVER LIBRARY 

Mr. Isaac W. Searing was president of the Board of Trustees of 
the Dover Free Public Library in 1904 and 1905, and from 1907 to 
19 1 7. The Library was first started as a private enterprise and was 
taken over by the town under Mr. Searing's administration as Mayor, 
in 1904. After he ceased to be Mayor he continued to be president of 
the Library for many years, and was deeply interested in its success and 
growth, doing all in his power to devise ways and means for the main- 
tenance of the work from year to year, and studying its needs for the 
future. Under his administration the Library grew from one thousand 
to eight thousand volumes, the number of persons who resorted to it 
increased greatly, and the public came to realize more fully its usefulness 
to the community. 

Mr. Searing presided over the monthly meetings of the Trustees 
with kindly dignity and genuine interest. His business acumen was of 
great service and he took delight in discussing Library affairs with his 
associates. 

He was, himself, a library of information on local matters and his 
reminiscences have been incorporated in Dover History. By these his- 
torical recollections ancj by his long term of service as president of the 
Library he made a unique contribution to the social and cultural interests 
of his home town. 



133 

WHAT DOVER WANTS FOR CHRISTMAS 
1920-21 

Dear Santy Claus, I pen these lines 

To tell you what I want next year 
When Christmas comes ; I have designs 

Upon your purse, my Santy dear ! 

So save your dollars, don't spend all 

On poorhouse, on police and jail 
And various things I can't recall — 

Strike out upon a different trail ! 

I want a Christmas gift that makes 

No paupers ; but makes many rich ; 
That gladdens many a home and breaks 

No hearts — leaves no one in the ditch. 

I want a building fitly framed 

To be the home of noble minds, 
A house where Wisdom is proclaimed, 

Where Truth a cordial welcome finds. 

I want a temple where the shrine 

Of Freedom finds a fit abode; 
Where Muses may the heart refine 

And guide us on life's rugged road. 

In short, I want a quiet nook 

Where folks may turn aside and find 

The solace of a friendly book 

To cheer the heart, inform the mind. 

A place that I can call my own, 

A Dover Public Free Library, 
No rented cjuarters, soon outgrown — 

A home more spacious, cozy, airy. 

So. Santy, if a hint you need, 

You have it here ; you know my heart : 
Now jingle, bells! and, reindeer, speed 
To Fairyland and do your part ! 



134 

EDUCATIONAL 
DOVER SCHOOLS IN EARLY DAYS 

In the Centennial Collections of Morris County, published in 1876, 
there is an extended History of Morris County Schools, by L. W. 
Thurber, School Superintendent of Morris County. In this thorough 
and painstaking history the endeavor is made to trace out the earliest 
beginnings of education by townships. Incidentally much history of 
New Jersey is woven in with the story of the schools. This work of 
Superintendent Thurber's is well worthy of being republished as a 
valuable monograph on the history of education, preliminary to any 
account of education in Morris County after 1876. By this report Mr. 
Thurber takes high rank among the historians of Morris County. 

Superintendent Thurber had previously been the Principal of the 
.Dover schools and is still remembered by some of his old pupils, who 
•credit him with high ideals of school efficiency and with the ability to 
carry such ideals into practical execution. After his retirement from 
■active work Mr. Thurber resided for some years on Morris street, 
Dover. Later he went to Connecticut and now lives in Morris- 
town. Mr. Thurber's intellectual thoroughness and quality of 
mind is clearly shown in the history above referred to. I once 
tried to get him to write out his reminiscences of Dover for me, 
but could not persuade him to do so. 

Under the head of "Randolph" Mr. Thurber pays a fine tribute to 
the school maintained by the Society of Friends from 1758, if not earlier. 

"In its day it rendered a noble service to the cause of education ; for 
in it some of our worthiest townsmen began and completed their educa- 
tion ; and here, too, were carefully inculcated good morals and brotherly 
love — the fruit of which instruction was seen in the humanity and 
philanthropy of such men as the late excellent Richard Brotherton and 
his kindred." 

Before the public school system began there was a school at Dover, 
dating back perhaps as far as 1776, taught in the rooms used later by 
Mr. J. H. Neighbour as a law ofifice. About 1796 permission was given 
to build a school house near the foot of the "Road to Lamson's Farm" 
(on the south side of the Lackawanna R. R., where Lehman's wholesale 
■storage building is, in 1922). No deed of this grant of land was 
recorded. To quote Mr. Thurber : "A public school was maintained in 
this building for forty years, when the stone 'Academy' was built for 
the combined purposes of church and school and the old school house 
was taken possession of by the owner of the land. The matter did not 
■ end here, for the district was unwilling to give peaceable possession of 
the old building, and refused to occupy the new. The controversy 
became exciting, and the citizens were compelled to turn out with 
muskets and clubs to save the house from destruction. School was 
continued in the old house, which was repaired, and in 1843 ^^^s 
enlarged and remodeled and used until 1871, when the present building 



I 



135 

(Northside) was erected. This contains six good rooms, and will 
accommodate 400 pupils, and there are now six teachers and one prin- 
cipal employed (1876). The building and grounds cost $15,000. Five 
teachers receive $450 each, per annum, the vice-principal $700, and the 
principal $1,200, making an annual expense of $4,150 for teachers' 
salaries. 

The price of tuition before free schools were established varied 
from $2 to $3 per quarter — all pupils paying the same. Until the erec- 
tion of the new school house the seats were defective and too few; first, 
slabs on pegs, and without backs, extending around the room. These 
were removed and seats put in, each accommodating four pupils. The 
mode of instruction has also gradually improved and we find that its 
influence is seen in the advanced studies embraced in the course, for 
instead of the Three R's comprehending the studies of the school, the 
pupils are carried through U. S. History, General History, Hygiene, 
Natural History, Natural Philosophy, Algebra, Geometry, Surveying, 
Latin, Drawing, Music and Bookkeeping, with some other branches. *** 

Other notes on the Dover schools are to be found in ''Dover His- 
tory." 

REMINISCENCES OF DOVER SCHOOLS 

A narration of events and of mv personal experiences in educational 
work, as vice-principal, and later as principal of schools, including par- 
ticipation in the musical activities of Dover, while a resident, and later 
as a regular visitor, begins with a date indelibly fixed in my memory, 
that of May 26th, 1876. As yet a mere boy attending for the last year a 
country school, I presented myself at the old North Side Schoolhouse for 
examination for a teacher's certificate. My task completed, late in the 
afternoon found me walking back and forth up Blackwell street from 
Warren street to the Presbyterian Church, which was then a town block 
of surpassing beauty, large maple trees completely arching the street. 
Dr. Crittenden's residence on the left, including one or two other fine 
residences, and McFarlan Park on the right. While waiting for a long 
over-due train East on the Boonton Branch, the last broad guage train 
to run, there being at that time a third rail, I solaced myself with that 
walk and its charming vista until late in the evening. 

Three years of preparatory work as teacher then found me. through 
the good offices of ]\Ir. L. W. Thurber. county superintendent of schools, 
engaged in teaching in Dover. Mr. Thurber, in addition to his county 
work, for a nominal retainer was employed by the Board of Education 
to give, as he termed it, a rainy-day supervision over the city school. 
Progressive in his tendencies, Mr. Thurber was what might be called 
a patron of the arts as well, and at his suggestion, weekly instruction 
in all the grades was added to the daily musical work in my own class. 

A few years prior to this, Mr. Thurl)er was himself the efficient 
principal of the Dover school, and the excellent results that he obtained 



136 

attracted the attention of Mr. J. R. Runyon, of Morristown, then super- 
intendent of Morris County schools, and later postmaster of Morristown. 
Mr. Thurber was a disciplinarian of the first rank, and though always 
holding to the truism that "Order is Heaven's first law," nevertheless, 
through his original methods, he made the work of his school so attractive 
to teachers and pupils alike, that Mr. Runyon desired that he should 
become his successor as Superintendent of Schools. Thus it can be easily 
understood why the Dover Board of Education wished Mr. Thurber to 
have a guiding hand in the school management during the time of which 
I am writing. 

A period of weak discipline, and rather high-handed maneuvers on 
the part of pupils, subsequent to Mr. Thurber's occupancy of the prin- 
cipal's chair, caused Mr. Wm. H. Lambert, familiarly known as "Boss 
Lambert," President of the Board, to appeal to Mr. Thurber to assist 
in finding a suital^le principal. This Mr. Thurber succeeded in doing 
in the person of Mr. John E. D. Naughright, whom he discovered teach- 
ing at Parsippany, N. J. Mr. Naughright was physically a stalwart, mild 
in manner, but firm and determined in his method of management, and 
one day's tout with a few refractory leaders among the boys convinced 
the attending pupils that it was he and not they who was going to run 
the school. It was an interesting sight to see the boys at the close of 
school sessions, passing all the way from the upper floor to the street 
with arms folded behind them, keeping step with the music of the piano 
until the lower floor was reached, where the drum (which I often beat 
myself, having charge at that time of the lower floor) gave them the 
time for marching until they reached the sidewalk. The boys enjoyed it 
more than being permitted to run, helter-skelter, through the halls, yell- 
ing and pushing one another, as is sometimes the case, even in schools 
of the present day. I succeeded Mr. Naughright as principal in the 
spring of 1883. returning to Boston in the fall to continue my musical 
studies in the New England Conservatory, from which I graduated in 
1886. 

During the winters of '79, '80, and '81, I was an active participant 
in the work of the various church choirs, which included those of the 
Presbyterian, First Methodist, and Episcopal Churches. It was in the 
Episcopal choir where I first learned the Episcopal service and found it 
a valuable asset, when shortly afterward I was initiated into the choir 
loft of Dr. Phillip Brook's church in Boston. 

I recall with pleasure a men's chorus in Dover that was drilled 
under the baton of one Reuben Rowe, and at a concert given by the 
club during the winter of '79 and '80, in the old Whitlock Hall, I accom- 
panied at the organ a baritone solo rendered by Mr. Emil Rossi, a civil 
engineer by profession, and son of Dr. Rossi, organist of the Catholic 
church at Port Oram, now Wharton, who was a practicing physician in 
Dover and vicinity at the time. The Rossis were doubtless the most 
capable musicians at that time in Dover, and many a time they attracted 
eager listeners beneath the windows of their residence on Sussex street,, 
while they discoursed music of the classic order. 



137 

Dover, in those days, was not without its band, and at times. I was 
an interested Hstener at rehearsals where Mr. Frank Kenstler showed 
that he could justly claim, in addition to his tonsorial artistry, skill in that 
other art of playing the brass wind instruments and tellinjj; the various 
band members vehemently where to get on and off in their attempts to 
master their parts. The baritone horn was a favorite with Mr. Kenstler, 
and I recall a concert given in the old Presbyterian Church at which he 
rendered several solos to my accompaniment at the piano. Other partici- 
pants at this concert were Miss Abbie Condict. a lady much admired, 
Ijoth for her personal charm and her ability as a reader, and Miss Bertha 
Gage, later Mrs. Dr. Flagge. 

Miss Gage was accomplished both in vocal and instrumental music, 
and the Dover schools, for many years, profited through the exercise of 
her talents. 

Dover, in those days, was visited periodically by some eminent musi- 
cians who taught and gave musicales. Among them was a Prof. Watson, 
an accomplished violinist, a long time friend, I believe, of Mr. Horace 
Dunham, a well-known Doverite and a connoisseur in that line. 

I also met a visitor at that time, Mr. A. N. Johnson, the author of 
a well known text-book on harmony. 

The occurrences of those years and the succeeding decades give evi- 
dence that Dover has kept pace with other communities, and to-day finds 
the citizens with an adequate equipment of church organs, auditoriums, 
and musical talent capable of worthily using these facilities. 

Three-part and four-part singing was a common occurrence in the 
Dover school during those eventful years, and while there are doubtless 
many residing in Dover at the present time who could testify to the 
accuracy of that which is herein recorded. I recall the names of two 
well-known citizens, whom Dover still delights to honor. Alderman Etta 
C. Searing, and Mr. William Otto, cashier of the National Union Bank, 
both of whom laid the foundation of their future usefulness, as did 
many others, in those "unforgotten days." 

Edward M. Young. 

THIRTY YEARS' GROWTH AND PROGRESS OF THE 

DOVER SCHOOLS 

1892 — 1922 

In September, 1891. I began my administration as Supervising 
Principal of the Dover Schools. During the preceding four years there 
had been three dififerent principals and the schools were in a rather 
chaotic condition. The Board of Education at that time was composed 
of five members : Capt. Sedgewick R. Bennett. President ; Rev. Fred 
Bloom, District Clerk ; and Messrs. Isaac W. Searing, Martin V. B. 
Searing and Russell S. Penniman. 

At the annual election the following spring there were three vacan- 
cies to fill, caused by the expiration of the terms of Mr. Isaac Searing 
and Mr. Penniman and by the resignation of Mr. Bloom. These three 
vacancies were filled by the election of Messrs. Fred H. Beach, Edwin 



138 

J. Ross and Henry W. Crabbe. The Board then organized with Mr. 
Beach as President and Mr. Crabbe as District Clerk. This organization 
remained until the Township Law went into effect and the Board was 
increased to nine members. The Board has continuously consisted of 
nine members since that time with the exception of two years, during 
which Dover was under city government, when four members, one 
elected from each ward, constituted the City Board of Education. 

When I took charge of the schools there were fourteen teachers — 
ten in the old North Side Building, two on the first floor of Odd Fel- 
lows Hall and two in a private house on Pequannock street. The 
South Side School was then under construction. It was occupied the 
following spring — April, 1892 — with Mr. Albert J. Titman as principal 
teacher. The annexes were then abandoned, two additional teachers 
engaged and six rooms opened in the new school. This enlarged faculty 
of sixteen teachers in 1892 appears surprisingly small when compared 
with the present corps of 65 day school teachers in the Dover schools. 

When the schools re-opened in September, 1893, all eight rooms of 
the South Side School were occupied, and two years later rented annexes 
were again resorted to. The number of teachers in annexes grew until 
before the opening of the East Side School in 1901 there were eight 
teachers with their classes thus housed — six in the old Iron Era building 
at the foot of Morris street and two in what had been a blacksmith shop 
on Pequannock street. The more recent school constructions in Dover 
have been the erection of the new North Side Building in 1908, with 
more than double the capacity of the old North Side Building, and the 
new High School in 1918. 

During the school year ending in June, 1892, the statistics of enroll- 
ment and attendance were as follows : 

Total Enrollment 945 

Average Attendance 595 

Percentage of Attendance 89.8 

Pupils Present Every Day 23 

Tardy Marks 820 

In 1901 the following growth and improvement may be noted: 

Total Enrollment 1,31 1 

Average Attendance 997 

Percentage of Attendance 93.7 

Pupils Present Every Day 116 

Tardy Marks 400 

For the year 1921-22 the statistics are as follows: 

Total Enrollment 2,283 

Average Attendance 1,906 

Percentage of Attendance 93-3* 

Pupils Present Every Day 167 

Tardy Marks 908 



I 



139 

* The former method of estimating percentage of attendance would 
make this percentage considerably higher. 

When I took charge of the Dover schools there were a number of 
studies being carried on of a more advanced character than those belong- 
ing to elementary grades. These, with some additional subjects, were 
promptly arranged into a two-year English high school course. This 
course was approved by Dr. J. I\I. Green, Principal of the Trenton State 
Normal School, which allowed the graduates to enter that institution 
without further examination. 

Two years later — 1893 — an optional three-year high school course 
was arranged, which included all of the shorter course with the addition 
of three years of Latin. The first class to complete this advanced course 
was graduated in June, 1896. At the time of its graduation this class 
was composed of six girls, who were graduated with eleven others who 
had completed the shorter or two-year course. 

The six young women who were the first graduates from the three- 
year course were Bessie Coe, America Davis, Augusta Howell, Bertha 
Richards, Grace Richards and Jennie Sayre. They were not only excel- 
lent students, as their choice of the advanced course would indicate, but 
they were allboth present and early every day during their entire Senior 
Year. This is the only class that I have ever known to be absolutely 
perfect in attendance as a class during an entire year. 

In 1898 the high school courses were rearranged and enlarged. The 
optional two-year and three-year courses were extended to those of 
three years and four years. The first class taking the four-year course 
was graduated in June, 1901, together with fourteen students of the 
shorter or three-year course. At the time of its graduation this first 
four-year high school class was composed of six students, as follows : 
Robert C. Baker, Belle Champion, C. Raymond Hulsart, Raymond C. 
Matthews, Marion Richards and Luella B. Sands. The three-year course 
was later abandoned and for graduation from the Dover High School the 
completion of a full four-year high school course was required of all 
students. 

Manual Training, Domestic Science, Physical Training and Modern 
Health Instruction have been more recent additions to curricula of the 
Dover schools. In comparison with the various curricula now offered 
to its students by the Dover High School our modest two-year course of 
thirty years ago appears meager indeed. 

The foregoing sets forth briefly the growth and development of the 
Dover schools during the past thirty years. What may we expect in the 
line of educational development during the thirty years to come? 

J. PIowARD Hulsart. 
.Superintendent of Schools in Morris County. 



I40 

DOVER SCHOOLS IN 1922 
Roswell S. Bowlby 

The schools are directed by a Board of Education of nine members 
elected by the people, and administered by a staff consisting of a super- 
intendent, four principals, and sixty-one teachers. There are four 
schools, McFarlan street, with an enrollment of 798; Academy street, 
373 ; Belmont avenue, 478 ; and Myrtle avenue, 634 ; making a total 
enrollment of 2,283 pupils. Work as far as the Fifth and Sixth Grades- 
is carried on in the Academy street and Belmont avenue schools respect- 
ively. All Seventh Grade work is done on the departmental plan in the 
McFarlan street school. The Eighth Grade, also on the departmental 
plan, and all High School classes are housed in the Myrtle avenue build- 
ing. This is known as the High School building and is a fine structure 
of which Dover may justly be proud. It is fireproof and modern, being 
splendidly adapted to meet the needs of the community as well as of the 
High School. It contains chemistry and physics laboratories, manual 
training shops, cooking and sewing rooms, a large gymnasium and an 
attractive auditorium. Many concerts and civic meetings are held here. 

Dover is one of the very few towns in the State which have half- 
yearly promotions. This form of organization was introduced years ago 
by Dr. J. Howard Hulsart. Pupils who fail in the v/ork of any particu- 
lar grade are required to repeat the work of one-half year instead of one 
full year. It is possible for the bright pupils to skip a half-year's work, 
when they might find it extremely dilBcult to skip a full year's work. 

Two forms of classroom procedure much stressed by educators in 
recent years are the socialized recitation and the project method. These 
were introduced by former superintendent W. V. Singer. They are 
widely used in our schools to-day. 

Nearly all of the elementary teachers are graduates of an approved 
Normal School and many of the high school teachers hold college degrees. 
The work of the High School is approved by the State Department and 
its graduates are able to enter most colleges without entrance examina- 
tions. Both boys and girls have entered some of the colleges of highest 
standing, where, with few exceptions, they have done very creditable 
work. Many have reached high places in business and professions. 

The High School has made an excellent record in almost every 
kind of activity that is found in a modern school. In debating it has 
won several championships. In athletics, its best records were made in 
football and baseball. It has numl^ered among its defeated opponents 
some of the largest high schools in the State. Many excellent plays and 
operettas have been presented and several prizes have been won in 
literary competition. 

Besides the day school, there are two other types of schools — eve- 
ning and continuation. The former runs during the winter and its chief 
feature is the work of teaching English to foreigners. The continua- 
tion school was established two years ago for all boys and girls between 
the ages of 14 and 16 who have regular employment. They are required 
to attend school six hours each week. The enrollment is about 100. 



141 

Under Dr. Emma C. Clark, the medical inspection of the schools 
lias l)ecome very efficient. A full-time nurse is employed. Miss Lucy 
D. Coe. the attendance officer, maintains a hii^h standard of attendance, 
the percentage this year heing 93.35. The emphasis hy Dr. Hulsart upon 
punctuality and attendance created a community attitude which still 
persists. 

One of the outstanding features of present-day school interest is 
the Home and School Association movement. Several years ago, under 
Mr. Singer's regime, an association was organized in each school. These 
have grown in size and importance and have proved to be very helpful. 
The forms of service which these associations are rendering are num- 
erous. Clothing, shoes, and surgical operations for some of the unfor- 
tunate ones have been ])rovided. Playground equipment, Christmas 
parties, and hot cocoa at lunch time are some of the things which are 
making the modern school pleasanter and more healthful. But perhaps 
the greatest benefits come from the closer relations between teachers 
and parents. \'isits to the schools are more frequent and parents and 
teachers are helped to appreciate each other's problems and difficulties. 
This tends to produce symj^athetic co-operation and results in more 
■effective school work. 

Members — Board of Education — 

Emil G. Kattermann, President 

William Otto. Vice-President 

Coleridge H. Benedict, Secretary 

William L. R. Lynd 

Arthur W. Condict 

Henry Heiman 

Estelle F. Totten 

Lena Dott Allen 

John D. B. Vreeland 
Superintendent of Schools — 

Roswell S. Bowlby 
Ofificers — Home and School Associations — 

Academy Street School — 

Mrs. Chas. E. Powers, President 
Mrs. William Herridge, Vice-President 
Mrs. Harry Mulroy, Vice-President 
Mrs. Eskel Danielson, Vice-President 
Mrs. Benj, Cleve, Vice-President 
Mrs. John By ram, Secretary 
Mrs. Arthur Longcor, Treasurer 
Belmont Avenue School — 

Mrs. W. A. Sellers, President 
Mrs. R. Bruland, Vice-President 
Mrs. Chas. MacFall, Vice-President 
Mrs. Wilson Davis, Vice-President 



142 



Mrs. Henry Wills, Vice-President 

Mrs. Edward Jensen, Secretary 

Mrs. Edward Northey, Treasurer 
Central — 

Mr. Harry Armitage, President 

Mrs. Max Heller, Vice-President 

Mrs. Lawrence K. Diffenderfer, Vice-President 

Mrs. James T. Lowe, Vice-President 

Miss Minerva Freeman, Vice-President 

Mrs. R. F. Woodhull, Secretary 

Mr. Seth H. Ely, Treasurer 
McFarlan Street — 

Mrs. Richard Washburn, President 

Mrs. Edw. Ackerman, Hon. President 

Mrs. Clarence Hance, Vice-President 

Mrs. Clarence Petty, Vice-President 

Mrs. R. Liftman, Vice-President 

Mrs. Allen J. Hahn, Vice-President 

Mrs. C. H. Williston, Vice-President 

Mrs. J. H. Tillyer, Vice-President 

Mrs. John Cook, Jr., Vice-President 

Mrs. Walter E. Howe, Secretary 

Mrs. John Drake, Treasurer 

PRESIDENTS OF THE DOVER BOARD OF EDUCATION 

1909 — 1922 
J. Willard Farrow, M.D., 1909-1915 
Coleridge H. Benedict, 1915-1917 

Arthur W. Condict, M.D., 19 17- 192 1 
Emil G. Kattermann, 1921- 

DOVER HIGH 

Air: Sweet Genevieve 
O Dover High, dear Dover High ! 
We come to thee from far and nigh ; 
Mt. Freedom, Wharton, Mine Hill vie 
To fill thy halls, dear Dover High ! 

O Dover High, dear Dover High! 
Thy lads and lassies charm the eye ; 
But when their genius burns — O my ! 
The sun's eclipsed by Dover High ! 

O Dover High, dear Dover High ! 
We love thee as the years go by. 
And when we come to say goodbye ! 
We love thee more, dear Dover High ! 



143 

ELKS' PRIZE ESSAYS 
DOVER STUDENTS TELL WHAT FLAG MEANS TO THEM 

To stimulate patriotism and encourage greater interest in Flag Day 
each year, Dover Lodge of Elks has awarded prizes to two D. H. S. 
students in an essay contest open to all high schools, within the juris- 
diction of the local lodge, including schools at Newton, Hackettstown, 
Wharton, Rockaway, Roxbury Township and Franklin. All of the 
essays were gathered from the three counties participating, Warren, 
Sussex and Morris, and carefully inspected by competent judges, result- 
ing in Miss Ruth Meyer being awarded first prize of $15, and Stewart 
Hunter second prize, $10. 

Members of the Elks' Committee in charge of the essay contest 
were W. V. Singer, J. J. Vreeland and Andrew M. Ryan. A final 
report will be made at special Flag Day services in the lodge room. 

WHAT THE FLAG MEANS TO ME 

By Ruth Meyer, Dover High School, Class of 1922 

"Have you ever stopped to consider what the American flag really 
means? Most Americans regard it merely as their flag, to be saluted, 
respected and loved. But the flag is more; to me it enfolds volumes of 
history, a depth of meaning. 

"The American flag is symbolic of the greatest country on earth, 
of the most democratic population existing and of the most sacred prin- 
ciples of mankind. 

"When first the American flag was unfurled, the birth of the nation 
was proclaimed ; a new nation, a land of forests and fields, undeveloped, 
unprogressed, in its infancy. Since then, at each step in its progress, at 
each great development, the flag became more significant. At each war, 
when the flag was floated, it proclaimed that the American people were 
joined into one in every battle ; it meant that this country was lined up 
against its enemies, behind that flag, united powerful and determined. 

"The flag has always meant a great deal to the people of America, 
but to the coming generation its greatest meaning was revealed during 
the World War. We lived while that great historic conflict was raging. 
History was being made by us, by our generation. To me, at that time, 
the American flag attained its greatest glory and its meaning was por- 
trayed in its fullest sense. First, just before our entrance into the war, 
when international law was being ignored, when our neutrality was 
being disregarded, when our ships were threatened with destruction and 
the threats were being carried out by an aggressive and militaristic 
nation, our flag was being disrespected, and therefore our honor as a 
nation. Would America tolerate such a condition? Indeed not, but in 
defense of that flag and that honor, America's name was added to those 
already lined up against autocracy. Immediately, every dollar, every 
industry, every conceivable resource was set to work to be utilized in 



144 

the great cause ; every person gave willingly of his time, his money and 
his energy. For it is agreed by everyone that either victory or defeat, 
either restoration or destruction, either freedom or despotism, depended 
upon whether or not America entered the war. 

"While our money was rendering priceless aid to our comrades, our 
army was being trained and all the machinery of war being prepared. 
At the end of nearly a year, our boys were sent three thousand miles 
across the ocean, to an unknown land, to horror, to suffering and to 
death to defend that flag. That is what it meant to me and to every 
American in the land. When our soldiers arrived and the American 
flag was planted on French soil, signifying that American soldiers 
were in the battlefield, it meant victory to us and our friends and 
defeat to our enemies. Of course, this was not accomplished all 
at once, but from the time the American flag and all that was there 
to back it appeared on the scene, the tables were turned. 

"With the aid and leadership of our well-equipped army, with their 
unequalled perseverance and grit that all the world admired, yards were 
gained, and miles, the enemy was forced back and victory was achieved. 
The nations of the world looked up to our flag with prayerful thanks 
for its great and human work. The flag, and all that it meant, was 
proclaimed anew, more glorious, powerful, inspiring and everlasting 
than ever before. For that flag, our gallant youth, the flowers of the 
great garden of America, were given. For that flag, they left their 
homes, their happiness and their loved ones and went to answer their 
country's call, the call of the flag. And for that flag, they fought, 
they suffered and they died. America will never forget the tribute paid 
by this incalculable loss. It will ever remain a memory, and a glorious 
one, in the hearts and minds of humanity. 

"To-day, perhaps in the busy whirl of commerce, in the hustle and 
rush of our daily tasks, we Americans do not think of the value of this 
flag, but lest we forget, let us turn our eyes for a moment towards the 
thousands and thousands of little iron crosses in the cemeteries of both 
Flanders and America — mute testimony of the tribute paid for that flag. 
This is the most sacred meaning of the American flag to me. 

"The country behind that flag is to-day the greatest nation on this 
earth — in riches, yes, but more important and by all means more worthy, 
she is the moral leader of the world. That, in my mind, is America's 
most commendable achievement and in that leadership lies the true basis 
of her magnanimity and that of her emblem. 

"All this is what the flag means to me, and in concluding, may that 
flag, representative of our country, ever be loved and reverenced by 
mankind, may it be a glorious monument of freedom, protection and 
justice, in the eyes of all nations, all people, throughout all the ages." 



PART IV 

•anks, Newspapers, Real Estate 
Churches and Cemeteries 



I 



147 

THE NATIONAL UNION BANK, DOVER^, N. J. 
By James B. Tonking 

On the ninth day of March. 1871, George Richards made an 
application to the U. S. Banking Department at Washington, D. C, to 
open a National Bank at Dover, N. J. This was made through U. S, 
Senator F. F. Frelinghuysen. After considerable correspondence, 
which took up some time, the matter progressed to the point where, 
on October 17, 1872, the necessary papers were received from Wash- 
ington to be executed for organization and, on November 21, 1872, 
permission was received from the Comptroller to organize with a 
capital of $150,000. 

On December 19, 1872, the first meeting of the Stockholders was 
held and the following Directors were elected. Columbus Beach,. 
George Richards, I. B. Jolley, Isaac W. Searing, Ephraim Lindsley,. 
Jas. H. Neighbour, Hudson Hoagland, Albert R. Riggs, Alpheus Bee- 
mer. Richard George. John W. Jackson. The newly elected Directors, 
then selected Columbus Beach as the first President of the National 
Union Bank of Dover, N. J. On December 26, 1872, the Comptroller'^ 
approval of the organization was received. On December 27, 1872,. 
Jay S. Treat of Newark, N. J., was elected as the first cashier. 

The Bank liuilding is located at 7 and 9 W'est Blackwell street,. 
Dover, N. J., in the heart of the business section of the town of Dover 
and is conveniently located to care for the interests of a large sur- 
rounding territory, including the iron mines, arsenals, furnaces, mills 
and factories, not/ only of the home town, but of adjacent towns of 
Wharton. Mt. Hope, Succasunna, Kenvil, Chester and other places 
having large industrial plants, probably representing, all told, a popula- 
tion of 30,000 people. On January 15, 1873, this building was secured 
from the Segur Banking interests and possession was given February 
IS- 1873. 

While the bank was authorized to start with a capital of $150,000, 
the same has been changed from time to time to meet the new condi- 
tions which presented themselves. On June 28th, 1892, it was voted to 
make the capital stock $125000, which has obtained up to the present 
time. The present capital stock has behind it $250,000 surplus, besides 
about $60,000 undivided profits. 

Tlie growth of the bank has been steady and, on referring to 
records, we find that, April 15th, 1878, the deposits were $97,599.20 
and, on May 11, 1922, $4,041,004.13. 

During the year 1907 it was found that facilities for carrying 
on the business were inadequate, and plans were commenced for a 
complete remodeling of the inside of the bank building. In the vears 
1908-9, the rooms on the third floor and officer on the second floor 
were renewed and brou.i^ht up to modern practice; the main banking 
room was marie up-to-date with laminated steel vault, circular floor, 
safe deposit boxes and outside cover of 15-inch concrete walls around 
the entire vault. 



•148 

It can with confidence be stated that no better faciHties for the 
■transaction of business can be afforded the people of this section of 
our County and State, the bank being prepared at all times to negoti- 
ate the purchase or sale of marketable securities, such as Government, 
Railroad or Municipal Bonds, to collect foreign or domestic bills, 
drafts, or letters of credit, and to transact such business for the 
accommodation of the public as any well managed institution of this 
character can undertake. 

It is a well recognized fact that this bank from its inception has 
been conservatively managed ; in fact, some of its best friends claim 
ior it that it is ultra conservative and, for a Banking Institution, 
"this is one of the best things that can be said of it, as depositors and 
•all people doing business with a bank are interested in having it safe- 
guarded and protected to the limit. Courtesy to its clients and careful 
attention to every business transaction for them is the aim of the 
•directors, officers and employees. 

The selection of employees of this bank is largely made from 
•Dover High School graduates and our local business college. Only 
'those of good family and with best recommendation from, teachers and 
principal are considered. These young men are carefully trained in 
the work and, with proper initiative on their part, should be fitted to 
fill at a later date high official positions as bankers at home and abroad, 
if called. 

It is with pride that the bank refers to the list of splendid, sub- 
stantial men who have served on this Board of Directors and whose 
services continued up to the close of their lives, except a few who, for 
business reasons, decided to sever their connection, owing to removal 
from this vicinity and press of their private business : Columbus 
Beach, George Richards, Isaac B. Jolley, Isaac W. Searing, P^phraim 
Lindsley, James H. Neighbour, Hudson Hoagland, Albert R. Riggs, 
Alpheus Beemer. Richard George, Henry McFarlan, Josiah Meeker, 
James W. Brotherton, John W. Jackson. John H. Pierson, Wm. H. 
Lambert, Thomas Anderson, Samuel Tippett, Fred H. Beach, Leopold 
C. Bierwirth, Mahlon Hoagland, Jr., Cadwallader R. Mulligan, Rus- 
sell T. Penniman, Robert Killgore. Elbert H. Baldwin, Emil M. 
Lowenthal, John H. Bonsall. 

The men who so ably filled the position of President of this bank 

■since its organization, whose valuable services are reflected in the 

: success of the institution are : Columbus Beach, George Richards, 

-Hudson Hoagland, Cadwallader R. Mulligan, Thomas H. Hoagland. 

The men who served the bank as Cashiers, so ably and efficiently 

giving the best that was in them, are Jay S. Treat. George D. Meeker, 

Elbert H. Baldwin, Charles Applegate. William Otto. The men who 

are guiding the destinies of the bank at the present time and who are 

doing their best for depositors, stockholders and all interested parties 

are as follov/s : 

Directors — Peter C. Buck, Thomas H. Hoagland, DeWitt R. 
Hummer, James B. Tonking, John Mulligan, Paul Guenther, William 
F. Birch, lames N. Goodale. 



149 

Officers — Thomas IT. Hoagland, President; Peter C. Buck, Vice- 
President; William Otto, Cashier; Sanford C. Gerard, Asst. Cashier. 

Tn Conclusion, it is proper to state that this bank, like all others, 
stood by the U. S. Government in the World War. receiving subscrip- 
tions for Liberty and \*ictory Loans, made deliveries to the proper 
owners and acted as safekeepers for the owners of these bonds, alt 
without charge to the owners and subscribers or to the Government. 

THE DOVER TRUST CO:\IPANY 
The Dover Trust Company commenced business January ist, 1902^ 

with a cai)ital of $100,000, succeeding the People's National Bank, 

which began business 1898 with a capital of $50,000. Mr. James H. 

Simpson was its first President and was succeeded by Mr. L W. 

Searing. 

Its present officers are Edward Kelly, President ; James L. Hurd,, 

\'ice-President ; E. W. Rosevear, Secretary-Treasurer; C. S. Clark^ 

Assistant Secretary-Treasurer. 

The following is a list of its Directors: 

John S. Dickerson E. J. Neighbour 

Max Heller Rob^ p. Oram 

t^"^.fV^-.?^"^^ E. W. Rosevear 

Lmil G. Kattermann 

Edward Kelly ^^Y ^- ^ynd 

Elmer King Reinhard Huettig 

T. O. Bassett Howard H. King 

Its present resources are in excess of $3,000,000. 

This institution has been remarkably successful in the develop- 
ment of thrift and saving. It has aided in the erection of homes and 
the general prosperity of Dover and vicinity. It safeguards financial 
interest, provides adequate security for valuables, advises as ta 
investments by its patrons and friends, furnishing information free 
of cost to them. It encourages all efforts for the advancement of the 
general good and recommends accounts by the young. 

The chief asset of a bank clerk is honest_\', courtesy, and willing- 
ness to serve the public. Studiousness and a desire for greater effi- 
ciency, a requisite of great value to them. The higher the education 
attained the better fitted to fill whatever position may be open to them. 

It is difficult to measure a bank's influence. Absolute integrity is 
required. Confidence of the public must be maintained. The per- 
sonnel of directors, officers and employees must be unciuostioned. All 
this the Dover Trust Company has, and sets the highest standard of 
moral and financial integrity in all dealings with the people and public 
interest. 



J50 

A trust company has for its depositors, individuals, firms, corpora- 
tions. It can act as Executor, Administrator and Trustee under wills 
or by appointment of the Court. It is under strict control and con- 
stant supervision by the State Department of Banking and Insurance. 



WASTE NOT, WANT NOT 
"'WASTE NOT, WANT NOT"— how shall we mortals marry 

These words to action in our little sphere? 
How gather in the wealth they seem to carry. 

How heed the voice of thrift, the summons clear? 

Each man, each child may be an engineer 
Of fortune, as Poor Richard taught of old ; 

The banks were filled with savings in a year. 
When thrifty Ben this open secret told. 

"'Waste not your substance," said our frugal Bennie ; 

"Don't pay too much for whistles, but put by 
-From day to day a dollar or a penny 

And so win independence ; do not cry 

And shout aloud, 'We're freemen, free!' — the lie 
Sticks in your throats when you are slaves to debt ; 

For freedom must be earned, and this is why 
Some folks, freeborn, have not found freedom yet.'' 

And so the printer's lad became our Moses, 

Our prophet, leading to the Promised Land; 

While others heavenward gazed with upturned noses, 
He saved his pennies, firmly took his stand 
Upon this text — "Waste not, want not" ; no grand 

Ideal of the Future made him blind 

To common sense, to dollars in the hand, 

To nearby fortunes that the thrifty find. 

BEN, we have canonized you lately ; many 

Are making pilgrimages to your shrine ; 
Your shrewd, plain preaching holds its own with any 

Taught by rapt seer or eloquent divine. 

For January 17, the birthday of Ben Franklin. 



iSi 



THE NEWSPAPERS OF DOVER 
By Harry R. Gill 

We have been told that "a man is known by the company he keeps," 
and in a great measure, we have come to learn that a town is judged 
by the newspapers it supports. 

Since 1869 Dover has not been w'ithout a newspaper, On April 
1st, 1869, The Dover Enterprise came out as the town's first paper, 
publislied by Edward L. Dickerson and Frank N. Lindsley. The 
type was set in a small shop over the present Dickerson store in East 
Blackwell street and the forms taken to New York for printing. The 
Enterprise was a weekly and this farming-out process continued until 
June I, 1870, when the paper was taken over by W. J. Bruce, a prac- 
tical printer, who put in a plant and changed the name to The Dover 
Mail, not a ver\- large sheet, but surely large enough to carry the 
events as they happened way back in the seventies. In those days 
the advertisements were more or less in the nature of reading notices 
and it is more than likely that Editor Bruce gathered his own news, 
set his own type from the case, and "got out" the newspaper himself. 
We are also reasonably sure that Dover's pioneer publisher had very 
little trouble with the "newsies" and that he knew nothing of the 
blessings of the telephone as the newspaper's greatest friend in the 
gathering of news. It took a genius to publish a paper in those days — 
nowadays a fat bank account is the greatest asset. In those days the 
typesetting machine was only a dream — but those were the days when 
the versatile printers were made. Now they are specialists, each doing 
his part in the great organism that groans for lack of time in which 
to do more and to do it more quickly. To ' .niss the mail" in Bruce's 
time perhaps gave him little concern. The coming of plate and type- 
setting machines was to the newspaper office what a copious shower 
is to the parched soil. 

In 1870 The Iron Era, founded by Benjamin Vogt, also came 
into the journalistic life of the community. As a paying newspaper 
proposition The Era was perhaps the most successful until more recent 
years. During the regime of the late George Richards, who was 
recognized as one of the leading political factors of Northern Jersey. 
The Dover Printing Company was able to pay what was considered 
in those days a handsome dividend. At that time the late John S. 
Gibson was its editor, and it has been conceded that Editor Gibson 
was the ablest newspaper man of whom North Jersey can boast. 
Editor Gibson went from The Era office to The Netvark Commercial- 
Advertiser and from that time on the career of Dover's strongest paper 
became more or less checkered. In the meantime Mr. Richards passed 
away in 1900, with some of those whose political patronage was neces- 
sarily withdrawn. 

In 1875 The Dover Index was founded by Francis F. Hummel 
and Lorenzo D. Tillyer, upon the discontinuance of The Dover Mail. 
Mr. Hummel came to Dover from Mauch Chunk in 1874 as foreman 



152 

of The Mail, under Mr. Bruce. Both Mr. Hummel and Mr. Tillyer 
are now deceased, but, like Tennyson's brook, The Index goes on for- 
ever. William G. ?Iummel, brother of the founder, is the present 
publisher. 

In the earlier days of journalism, newspapers had an ambition — 
for the most part political — more so than now, when profits are more 
to be desired than a principle fought for. The Era was the Republican 
mouthpiece and The Index the Democratic. So, on the assumption 
that temperance or prohibition was a burning issue in the breasts of 
many, a number of local enthusiasts, known then as "prohibition 
cranks," formed a stock company, and The Morris County Journal 
blossomed forth as the noonday sun — one of the very few prohibition 
papers in New Jersey. Its first editor was James S. Bradbrook, a 
Free Methodist preacher, who got out its first number in 1890. The 
publication office was on the top floor of the Alexander Wighton Build- 
ing, now owned and occupied by James T. Lowe. Of course its 
income was restricted and consequently its existence was not the 
smoothest. Editors came and went. Bradbrook was succeeded by 
Edward Jones, another Free Methodist preacher, who remained at 
the helm the longest of any of its editors. He was a widower and 
practically lived in the office, hence a little salary went a long way 
with him, for he was working for the sake of principle and stuck 
to the ship as long as he could. Jones was extremely bitter in his 
writings, but none too strong for some of those on his board of direct- 
ors. However, he finally came into disfavor and stepped out "on his 
own hook," equipping a small printing plant in a residence in Sanford 
street, where he continued to publish his literature in tract form and 
offered it for public distribution. During this period he was maintained 
by a few of his friends, who still had confidence in him and the work 
he was trying to accomplish. Jones was succeeded by Norton Wagner, 
who came from Scranton. In a short time Wilton R. Capps. now a 
resident of Newark, succeeded Wagner, but only for a brief period. 
During his time, however, Mr. Capps attempted for the first time in 
the history of the town to publish a daily paper. He made a noble 
struggle — but he was only a pioneer. The Journ-al appeared as a daily 
but for a few weeks. It was a money-loser as a weekly, but more 
so as a daily. 

Then along came Rev. David Spencer, a Baptist minister, who 
had the Ledgewood church as his pastorate. He came from Racine, 
Wis. Through his forcefulness he was able to form a stock company 
of such representative business men as William H. and Andrew K. 
Baker, Martin V. B. Searing, Isaac W. Searing, Charles E. Clark, 
David S. Allen, Jacob J. Vreeland. Sr., Alex Kanouse and others. 
The paper was reorganized as The Morris Journal and the company 
known as The Morris Publishing Company. During this regime Dover 
was given its newsiest and best printed newspaper. It was all hand- 
set but, although its patronage was generous, its income was not suffi- 



153 

cient and it went into the hands of a receiver. At the sale the paper 
was taken over by George Richards and absorbed into 7 he Iron Era. 
The plant was dismantled and taken to Morristown and used for sev- 
eral months by Morey Bros, in publishing The Daily Record, and later 
the Morris County Standard, edited by John \V. Williams. The 
Standard was absorbed by the the Morris County Chronicle, and The 
Standard and Chronicle, in time, were absorbed by The Jerseynian. 
Editor Gill, of The Advance, got out the first issue of The Daily Record 
with the old Morris Journal plant, in a shop at the rear of a building 
in Morris street near the yards of the Mills Wood Working Company. 
He still has in his possession the first copy of The Record off the press. 

On March 9, 1903, The Dover Advance first saw the light of 
day. Harry R. Gill, the present owner and publisher, conceived the 
idea of a twice-a-week paper while employed as foreman of The Daily 
Record in Morristown. Before starting the paper, however, because 
of limited financial means, he took in partnership with him Oron P. 
Cole, who was then employed as a compositor on The Dover Index. 
Together they worked diligently for months building up their already 
small business, for they had made a new start. Their competitors, 
The Index and The Iron Era, had been in existence for years. Tlie 
novelty of a semi-weekly paper seemed to meet with popular approval 
and the business took on a healthy growth from its inception. Shortly 
after The Advance appeared. The Index came out as a daily, the 
second attempt for Dover, and it proved as disastrous as the first, 
except that its publishers had stronger backing and greater prestige 
in the community than The Daily Journal had when Mr. Capps 
attempted it. It was a disagreement over the continuance or the dis- 
continuance of The Index as a daily that led to the dissolution of part- 
nership between Hummel and Tillyer, the latter of whom retired 
from the business and built the Fair Building in East Blackwell street, 
now occupied by F. A. Rinehart. Failing in this enterprise as a novelty 
store, he engaged in the newspaper business at Hightstown, where 
he conducted for several years The Highstown Gazette. The Index 
was published as a daily for about seven months. 

In May, 1905, Mr. Cole sold his interest in The Adi'ance to the 
present owner, who has since operated it personally. In May, 1914, 
at a chattel mortgage foreclosure sale. The Iron Era and its ]:)lant 
was bought in by Harry R. Gill and absorbed into The Dover Advance. 

Older residents in the town will rememiber the names of some 
of the former editors of The Iron Era : Benjamin H. Vogt, John S. 
Gibson. Frank Everett, Frank J. McDeede (now a surgeon in Pater- 
son), A. E. C. Mindermann, James E. Williams and Frank E. Porter. 



154 

DOVER REAL ESTATE 

I never intended to become a real estate agent, but I find that I 
have been accumulating material that might easily form a history of the 
growth of Dover real estate. We are sometimes told that there can be 
no sound where there is no ear to perceive it, no music except as it is 
performed and heard. Real estate appears to belong in the same class 
of phenomena. Land becomes real estate when it gets related to human 
use. Real estate grows or develops as it becomes more intimately or 
extensively related to the service of man. Hence its historical changes 
in value as indicated by prices paid at successive periods of time, illus- 
trated in the case of Dover. 

The late James H. Neighbour allowed me to have access to his old 
deeds, maps, and his copy of McFarlan's Descriptions of Dover real 
estate from 1827 to 1849, ""^ which a methodical account was given of 
each lot on the principal streets, with area, date of sale and selling price 
and purchaser. Much of this information may be found in "Dover 
History," together with the full text of the available deed concerned 
with John Jackson's real estate transactions, 1722 and 1753, briefly 
noted in "Dover Dates." Mr. Neighbour told me that Silas Dell is 
thought to have originated the first detailed map of this region in his 
endeavors to locate bits of land yet unappropriated. He showed me Silas 
Dell's map. 

THE SHOTWELL RETURN 

From Edward Howell, Civil Engineer, Morristown, I have obtained 
the following memorandum of the Shotv/ell Return, which he took from 
the original record at Perth Amboy. 

"JOSEPH SHOTWELL. S-2-98. May 30, 1745. Martin Ryer- 
son. Deputy Surveyor. A tract (in Morris County) at the place called 
'Quaker Iron Works.' Beginning at a Hickory Sapling marked on four 
sides, standing in the line of a former survey made for Joseph Latham 
at the west side of a rocky hill. 

"First: — i) N 44d E 30.00 2) S 46d E 3.00 3) S 44d W 29.00 4) 
N 7od W 3.00 to beginning, containing 9 acres strict. Second : — x\lso 
that tract of land lying on both sides of the Rockaway River, beginning 
at a Black Oak tree standing by the south side of said Rockaway River 
by a point of Rocks distant from the N E corner of the above mentioned 
lot upon a S 69d E course 99c & >^ from thence N 5id E 40, S 43d E 29, 
S 13d W i^yi, N 78d W 49 to beginning, containing 91 acres and both 
tracts together contain 100 acres strict." 

Note that the first place was called Quaker Iron Works previous to 
1745. This may mean that the Schooleys. had a forge here at an earlier 
date. Was John Jackson a Quaker? William Schooley took up land 
at Millbrook, 171 3. Also note that Joseph Latham had a tract within 
Dover's present limits, in addition to the tract of 527 acres which he 
sold to John Jackson in 1722. Possibly John Jackson acquired the land 



155 

Tor his forge and dwelling from the same Latham, but we find no 
record of the deed, as is common for that time. 

This Shotwell return took in the business center of Dover. 
The late Frederick H. Beach gave me access to the original books, 
maps, and surveys of the McFarlan estate, going back to the land pur- 
chases of Israel Canfield, made with a view to mineral rights. These 
documents were then kept at Morristown in the law office of John Bon- 
sall, nephew of Mr. Beach. They are important records of Dover 
history, and of a still wider territory. 

Alexander Mott of Rockaway informed me that the entire tract 
from Turner's Corner (Sussex street) eastward to the first Blackwell 
street bridge over the Rockaway river (formerly known as "the wading 
place") was once otTered to a certain individual for $500. The man to 
whom it was offered declined to sink his money in such a swamp as the 
property then appeared, and said he would buy land where it was worth 
something. So he bought a farm in Milll)rook, which was then the flour- 
ishing industrial section of this region. No doubt he made a wise choice 
for his time. Real estate values are made by other considerations than 
the number of acres in a tract. The canal came. The railroad came. 
The trolley came. Industries came. Building lots in the rejected tract 
are now sold at $5,000. 

Harry L. Schwarz, who has made a lifelong study of Dover real 
estate, has greatly assisted me in securing accurate data that illustrate 
the changing real estate values of the past fifty years. 

But before we take up these later details let us take a brief historical 
survey, gathering from our "Dover Dates" certain real estate facts, for 
this book goes to show how New Jersey ever became "real estate." 
1497 — The Cabots claimed North America for England by discovery. 

(This included Dover, of course.) 
1607 — Henry Hudson claims New Jersey for the Dutch, by discovery. 
1664 — England asserts her prior claim and Charles II grants New 

Jersey to his brother, the Duke of York. The Duke conveys New 

Jersey to Berkeley and Carteret. 
1674 — Berkeley sold West Jersey to Quakers for £1,000. 
1682 — Lady Carteret sold East Jersey to \Vm. Penn and others for 

£3400. 
1713 — Wm. Schooley took up 600 acres at Millbrook. 
1722 — John Jackson bought 527 acres at Mine Hill for £5. (about $25). 
1745 — The Shotwell Return includes 100 acres of Dover. No price. 
1753 — Fitz Randolph bought at Sheriff's sale Jackson's 527 acres, for 

^555- Values have risen. 
1817 — Blackwell & McFarlan introduce a new era in village real estate, 

making the map of 1825 and laying off streets and selling many 

building lots. 

The storv of the corners all along I^lackwcll street is particularly 



156 

significant. The four corners of Blackwell and Sussex streets may be 
indicated as NW, NE, SW, SE. 

1827 SW sold to Minton 2,500 sq. ft. $400. Now Killgore. 

1827 SE sold to Hurd 5,000 sq. ft. $475. Mansion House. 

1835 NW sold to McDavit 7,500 sq. ft. $500. Richards. 

1836 NE sold to Hinchman 5,000 sq. ft. $750. Turner. 

Real estate values progress by epochs marked by certain great 
causes, such as transportation facilities, industries, growth of popu- 
lation, cost of labor and building materials, market value of commer- 
cial products (which depend on how other people are prospering in 
other parts of the world). Dover's land values, therefore, were 
successively affected by the changes in modes of travel, and trans- 
portation from teams and stage coaches to canal (1831), D. L. & W. 
Railroad (1848), Central R. R. (1880), trolley (1904)' and trucks 
and automobiles ; and by the coming of new industries, as suggested 
by the following table: 

1874 Birch Boiler Works. 

1881 Singleton's Silk Mill. 

1884 E. J. Ross, Silk. 

1890 Kattermann, Swiss Knitting Mill. 

1893 Laundry, Clark-Cook. 

1894 Peters' Overall Factory. 

1896 Richardson & Boynton Stove Works. 

1897 Guenther's Silk Hosiery. 
1900 McKiernan Drill Works. 

191 2 Lackawanna Switch & Frog Works. 

1914 Artificial Ice Hygeia — Crystal. 

1915 N. J. Power & Light Company. 

1916 Downs & Slater's Foundry. 
1918 MacFall's Factory. 

Outside industries have aided the prosperity of the town, such as, 
1871, Hercules Powder Company, 1880 Picatinny Arsenal, 1883 
Atlas Powder Co., 1891 U. S. Navy Depot, 1907 Wharton Steel Co. — 
Replogle, Inc. 

The McFarlan land boom can be traced street by street and 
corner by corner, and the later industries have left their impress upon 
the expanding map of Dover, with new streets and new residential 
tracts. To trace in detail the real estate reaction to each change in 
transportation and industry would be an extended but illuminating 
study. 

The McFarlan regime lasted about half a century. Then it 
ceased. McFarlan Park, the pride of the village, was sold and soon 
all traces of the old gardens on both sides of Blackwell street gave 
way to the show windows of thrifty storekeepers, the billboards of the 
Baker Theatre, the Hoagland Memorial Church. 

Before quoting the sales which converted McFarlan's Park into- 
marketable real estate, let us note that Mrs. Losey, further down the 
street, sold her vegtable garden to W. H. Goodale for $r,ooo in 1850, 



157 

and he built on it the first brick building in Dover — Goodale's Drug 
Store of to-day. When Mr. Goodale asked the little son of Mrs. 
Losey to tell his mother that $i,ooo was offered for her garden plot 
she thought the child was "kidding" her and paid no more attention 
to it — who would pay such a fabulous sum? Mr. Goodale had to 
explain later that he really meant it. 

And in 1872 Leopold D. Schwarz bought the Steel Furnace lot 
on Sussex street for $2,500 and erected the Central Hotel from the old 
bricks of the Steel Furnace, this being the second brick building in 
Dover. 

To secure a right of way through this Sussex street property in 
1880, for the Central Railroad of New Jersey, George Richards made 
a bargain with Leopold Schwarz, giving him the Old Stone Store 
(now Friedman's) near the National L'nion Bank, in exchange for 
said right of way. Llence said store on Blackwell street was rated as 
worth a fraction of $2,500 in 1880. 

To resume the story of McFarlan's Park: — the portion from the 
corner of Blackwell and Warren streets to the Woolworth store near 
the r>akcr Theatre was sold to Mayor Pierson for $5,500 about 1885. 
W. II. Baker bought the rest of it for $8,000. From the Baker 
purch.ase 125 feet was sold to the Hoagland Memorial Church for 
$15,000 in 1899. 

F.very street has its real estate story and of these Blackwell street 
is the most startling". The Business Men's Association might 
well devote an evening to swapping real estate stories about 
Do^•er's main street. Old Dickerson street, once the Fifth ave- 
nue of the village, also has a tale to tell. Our new Americans 
from classic Greece and Italy now delight in the mansions of 
Dover's "old families." 

In 191 2. the Presbyterian Church (the original name for the 
Hoagland Memorial) sold its old building and lot on the south side 
of Blackwell street and opposite its present edifice for $6,500. 

In 191 1, Edward Jenkins and Price, the photographer, bought a 
lot (50x120) from Miss Mary Rose for $15,000. In 1922 the lot 
known as the "White property" (50x100), opposite the Jenkins & 
Price purchase, was sold for $30,000. 

It is said that the Killgore corner (25x50) which sold in 1827 
(2,500 square feet) for $400, was sold in 1922 for something between 
$40,000 and $50,000. 

Another Blackwell street corner worth noting is that at the nortii- 
west corner of Essex street. The late Robert F. Oram had a mort- 
gage on this lot (50x100) and a small strip (18x50) in the rear, with 
River street between the two lots. The mortgages were for $3,261.72 
and $526.47. At public vendue in 1889 the two lots sold for $3,100. 
In 1919 this property was sold for $30,000 to Pasqual Nazzaro, who 
has since sold it at a profit. 

Ihe property at southeast corner of IMackwell and Warren streets. 



158 

opposite the Trust Company, was recently sold to Wm. S. White- 
The price was said to be $75,000. The corner is occupied by a brick 
building, three stories high. There are six stores on the first floor. 
Lot 35 X105V2. This makes a price of $6.77 a square foot. 

Lehman's comer (Morris and Blackwell street), was bought irt 
1902-3 for $19,000 (75x100). Two years before that date it could' 
have been bought for $12,000. All taxes on this property, when 
bought, amounted to $166. The property was formerly occupied by- 
Sovereign's Mercantile and Savings Association, and by the residence 
of Sidney Breese. 

The lot on which Pierson's Clothing Store long stood, sold in 1872- 
for $6,000 with no building on it. 

In some such way a table or chart of real estate transactions could 
be made out and the rise in value of each city lot recorded in chrono- 
logical order. Then we should have that complete guide to Dover real 
estate values which I feel myself unprepared to furnish. Besides^ 
my interest in the subject is purely academic. 

The Trust Company, by the way secured their comer (30x65) 
for $22,500 in 1912, and have since added a lot (30x35) in the rear 
for $13,500. With some incidental expenses this brings the purchase 
price of their property up to $36,000 and more. 

If we should add to these statistics of commercial real estate the 
story of the mining properties by which Dover is surrounded — farms 
and hillsides with "mineral rights" — we should have another chapter 
of thrilling interest, leading up to the recent gathering up of the old 
mining lands by Replogle, Inc. 

There is still another side to our real estate story, and that is. 
the chapter that tells of the many cozy homes for working people of 
whatever occupation, erected by their thrift and often, in great part^ 
the work of their own hands, aided perhaps by the Building and Loart 
Association, founded in 1882. This is the real crux of Dover's pros- 
perity — how can the man or woman of moderate means secure a com- 
fortable and satisfactory home? Many interesting answers to that 
question have been worked out in Dover and on all the hills surround- 
ing the town, where choice building sites become more and more- 
available through the increasing possession of automobiles. The air- 
plane may yet lead some of our good folks to "mansions in the sky" ; 
but, if you fall short of that, try the vicinity of Quaker Church or 
Mt. Fern for delightful scenery at an elevation of 800 to 1,000 feet 
above sea. Or West End Heights and Mine Hill. Low-lying plains 
beyond these toilsome heights may be found at Kenvil, with plenty 
of elbow room. Elycroft on the east is also holding out inducements. 
But I am not an agent. 

In addition to the above historic facts the following considera- 
tions may be noted. 

Real estate values in New Jersey have been notably affected by a 
»rowing appreciation of landscape beauty and picturesque scenery and 
itirroundings. There was a time when land was valued chiefly for 
ts productivity and this always holds for farming properties. 



159 

But after the Civil War and especially during the last quarter 
century, beauty of rural and suburban scenery has become a distinct 
factor in real estate values — witness the developments at Morristown, 
Summit, Short Hills, Far Hills, Peapack, Lyons Farms, Montclair 
and numerous modern residential tracts. With the application of 
landscape gardening and the erection of attractive villas many of the 
old farms have risen in market value from $60 to $1,000 an acre. 

Another potent factor in causing such values is the social charac- 
ter of the community. This may become exclusive or exaggerated ; 
but it cannot be denied that land rises or falls in value by the charac- 
ter of those who reside on it or near it. Good neighbors are an asset 
to any man who wishes to put his property on the market. 

Accessibility to daily work is another consideration. In old times 
it was a marked feature of our village life, as when Zenas Pruden 
had his shop at one end of his garden spot and his dwelling at the 
other, at the corner of Morris and Dickerson streets, N. \X. With 
the growth of a great population of commuters to our cities suburban 
real estate has acquired new value. In a local way it may be noted 
that Guenther's factor)^ has raised land values to and beyond the 
Rockaway Township line from about $150 or $200 a building lot to 
$1,000. The Richardson & Boynton Stove Works has added greatly to 
the real estate possibilities of the Baker tract and North Dover as 
well as other parts of the town. 

Architectural beauty also enters into ultimate values of residen- 
tial and even business-block properties. The architectural fitness, vari- 
ety, harmony and tout ensemble of a village, town, or city creates 
positive market value. Well designed buildings such as public schools 
and libraries, churches, banks, municipal buildings, stores and even 
factories may be so treated, grouped and harmonized as a whole that 
the general effect is a real asset to all property owners in such a 
community or neighborhood. I have even heard the remark that if a 
group of houses that may be seen at one view along a country road 
were well harmonized in their color scheme instead of seeming to 
"swear at" one another, the result would bring artistic blessings to 
humanity if not dollars and cents to the owners. In towns and cities 
a building commission may do much for the general good. Europe 
learned this lesson long ago. Our Trust Company Building marks a 
forward step in Dover. When the post-sewer building craze sets in, 
then engage a competent architect that a new Dover may rise majestic 
from the ancient foundations ! 

The completion of a sewerage system will be another great step 
forward in the history of Dover real estate. Sanitation is a founda- 
tion stone of good living and real estate value. Dover's future, in 
this respect, is bound up with that whole area which includes New 
York City and a circuit of fifty miles about it. for which the Russell 
Sage Foundation is endeavoring to raise up competent constructive 
advisors. 



i6o 

Any changes that our railroads may make in shifting their Hne 
of road building will inevitably cause some shift in real estate availa- 
bility. We are all watching to see which way the Lackawanna will 
jump when it seeks a better line of traffic through the awkward turn at 
Dover, going west. The ultimate fate of the Morris Canal is another 
factor. 

Dover's diversified and picturesque scenery makes possible build- 
ing sites in great number, beautiful for situation and outlook — situa- 
tions that would cost much more if nearer New York. We are here 
at the gateway of the Switzerland of New Jersey. Lake Hopatcong is 
eight miles west of us, and many smaller lakes and ponds dot the 
landscape of the State as one flivvers through this Schooley's-Moun- 
tain peneplain of New Jersey. 

CHURCHES 

THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 

The First Presbyterian Church of Dover was organized in 1835 
and held its first services in the Stone Academy erected on Dickerson 
street by Henry McFarlan, Sr., to serve in part for church use. Ttie 
first building erected by the Presbyterians was located on land donated 
by the executors of Henry McFarlan, Sr., on the south side of Black- 
well street, at the west corner of Prospect street. It was dedicated 
in 1842. The first building was later moved across Prospect street to 
the triangle where Totten's Garage now stands. 

The second building (now used as Arcanum Hall) was erected 
on the site of the first and dedicated in 1872. Elder J. L. Allen left 
$10,000 towards the erection of this building, and $5,000 for a parson- 
age, located on Prospect street, further up the hill. 

The third and present building, known as The Hoagland Memorial 
Church, was erected, 1899, on land purchased from Wm. H. Baker, 
opposite the former site of the old church buildings. The third build- 
ing (with the land on which it stands) was donated by Hudson Hoag- 
land as a memorial of his wife. Martha D. Bigelow. 

These gifts are recorded in recognition of the generosity of the 
donors. 

The pastors of this church have been as follows: 

Rev. James Wyckoff 1835-1838 

Rev. Robert R. Kellogg 1838- 

Rev. Burtis C. Magie,^D.D 1839-1876 

Rev. William W. Halloway, D.D 1876-1910 

Rev. Peter McMillan, D.D 1910- 

Previous to the organization of this church prayer meetings 
had been held in Dover and a Sunday School established in 1816. A 
series of special religious meetings was conducted in Dover in 1831 by 
Rev. Edwin F. Hatfield, later known as the author of Hatfield's History 
of Elizabeth, N. J. These meetings, apparently, were a prelude to 
the organization of the church in 1835. It was "set of?" from the 
Rockaway Church in 1834. 



i6i 

GRACE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 

The first organized Methodist society in Dover was an off-spring 
from Millbrook Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1838 the first Meth- 
odist Episcopal church in Dover was erected on the corner of Sussex 
and McFarlan streets. For fifty-two years this church stood as the 
pride and honor of Methodism in Dover. In 1890 this old church 
was sold to tl. P. Ilop.ler, as it had served its day and generation and 
must give place to the new. It was removed to its present site on 
Sussex street and turned into a dwelling house. It is still owned and 
occupied by its original purchaser, H. P. Hopler. 

On July 23rd, 1890, the cornerstone for the new church was laid. 
On the 28th day of January, 1891, the new church, now known as Grace 
Methodist Episcopal Church, was dedicated. With few minor changes, 
this building has been used for the glory of God for a period of 
thirty-three years, and is in good condition to-day. 

The present membership is about 150. Number on roll in Sunday 
School, 280; members in the Epworth League, 135; number in Ladies' 
Aid, 40 ; in Sisters of Bethany, 28 ; in Boys' Club, 25 ; Girls' Club, 85. 

The pastors who have served the church since 1876 are as follows : 
W. H. McBride, one year; A. M. Palmer, one year; W. I. Gill, three 
years ; W. H. McCormick, three years ; J. R. Daniels, three years ; 
Fred Bloom, five years; Thomas. Hall, one year; S. D. Decker, one 
year; \V. M. Trumbower, two years; W. J. Hampton, three years; 
J. F. Machman, one year; M. T. Gibbs, four years; S. H. Jones, four 
years; E. V. King, one year; H. P. King, one year; A. B. Fitzgerald, 
five years ; Nathaniel Brooks, seven years ; William H. Hudson, present 
pastor, one year. 

THE FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 

The First Methodist Episcopal Church, like the Grace M. E. 
Church, dates its organization from the first church building erected 
in Dover in 1838 on the corner of North Sussex street and McFarlan 
street. 

They removed from the old site and put up a stone church in 1872, 
on North ILssex street, corner of Blackwell street. In 1907 they 
erected the present large and beautiful stone building on Blackwell 
street, to which the building of 1872 becomes an annex for the use 
of the Sunday School and other purposes. 

The present pastor is the Rev. J. Fred. Bindenderfer. who suc- 
ceeded Rev. George Whitehead, who followed Rev. Christopher Von 
Glahn. 



l62 

ST. MARY'S R. C. CHURCH 
ST. MARY'S PARISH 

In the matter of church history St. Mary's has set us all an 
example by publishmg, in connection with its seventy-fifth anniversary 
a pamphlet containing a history of the parish, illustrated. In it are 
shown pictures of the church buildings, higher dignitaries of the 
church, pastors and others— 23 illustrations, such as every church 
ought to have. From this pamphlet the following data are obtained 
1774 Earliest record of missions in Morris County. Baptism by 
Rev. Father Schneider. 

1844 Rev. I. P. Howell visited Dover, stopping with Mr. and Mrs 
Wilham Phillips. Father Dominic Senez of Madison followed 
Mr. and Mrs. Phillips donated ground for a church. 

1845 Work was begun on it. Father Senez was pastor 
1847-1867 Father John Callen. Parish School established in base- 
ment of old church. 

1867-1869 Rev. Bernard Ouinn. First school building 1868 

1869 Rev. P. Byrne and Father Fitzsimmons. 

1870 Rev. Pierce McCarthy. New cemetery acquired 
1873 Cornerstone of new stone church laid. 

1878 Rev. James Hanley. 

1883 Rev. John A. Sheppard. 

1884 Rev. Nicholas Hens. 

1885 Rev. Gerard Funke. Brick school and new rectorv built 
1908 Rev. Paul T. Carew. ^ 
1914 Rev. E. J. Miskela. Sisters' Home built 

1917 Rev. P. A. Maher. 

1920 Seventy-fifth anniversary. 

I 
ST. JOHN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH 

Note:— At the time of the seventieth anniversary of St. lohn's 
Church a history of the church was published in the local papers It 
was not possible to obtain such a history in 1913 for the '^Dover His- 
tory and I now include this history in "Dover Dates" the better to 
preserve it. — Editor. 

1919. The Seventieth Anniversary. 
_ On Sunday morning there was corporate communion of the parish 
in thanksgivmg to God for His years of care. On Sunday evening the 
service was m charge of five of the former pastors, the Rev. Messrs 
Butterworth Butler Pickslay, McCleary, and Thomson. Special mus£ 

MabeT Ban'haft '^'''''^' ^^ *^' '''°'' """^^^ *' ^^^^ction of Miss 

On Monday evening there was an informal reception to former 
pastors and communicants in the parish house, to which the local clergy 
were invited. The townspeople of Dover were invited to attend the 
anniversary exercises. ullcuu uic 



i63 

PARTIAL HISTORY OF THE CHURCH 

In the month of November, 1849, the Right Rev. George Washing- 
ton Doane. D.D., LL.D., Bishop of New Jersey, placed the village of 
Dover under the charge of the Rev. Charles W. Rankin, Rector of St. 
Peter's Church of IMorristown. 

Henry McFarlan. Esq., of New York, had in years past manifested 
his interest in the establishment of the church in Dover by designating 
a commanding piece of ground as the site of a parish church and pro- 
viding a large folio Bible for the use of the minister ofliciating in that 
village. 

His son, Henry McFarlan, Esq., residing in Dover and inheriting 
his father's spirit, was the first to encourage the revival of the church's 
work and has been foremost in every labor of love to carry it forward 
to a successful end. 

The above, taken from record made by Dr. Rankin, is in brief the 
tale of the beginnings of the work of St. John's Church which is now 
keeping its seventieth anniversary. 

On the evening of the eighth of November of that year the first 
service was held in an "upper chamber" of the Academy building then 
located on what is now Dickerson street, where Snyder's restaurant now 
is. The room could hold al)0Ut a hundred people and is reported as being 
well filled. So well was this enjoyed that it was then determined to begin 
a weekly service, which has been continued ever since. 

On November 23. the sacrament of Baptism was first administered 
by the pastor. The three children of Asa M. Clark, George C, Augustus 
H., and Mary E., were presented and their names are the first entered 
upon the parish register. 

llie following January it became needful to enlarge the meeting 
place and a number of repairs were made so that the room might have 
"a neat and pleasant appearance." Shortly afterward a Sunday School 
was organized under the superintendence of Henry McFarlan. 

Because it was not possible to have the services of a clergyman irt 
the morning, no Communion service was held until January 12. 1852, 
when the P)ishop himself officiated. The service consisted of the Litany 
and Holy Communion and nine communicants were reported. 

Encouraged 1)y this visit of the Bishop, the people determined to 
effect a parish organization and this was done at the first Parish meet- 
ing, held on Febrviary 28, 1862. At this meeting Henry and Charles 
McFarlan were chosen Wardens and Asa and Henry Phillips, William 
Losey, Thomas T. Lewis and Joshua Butterworth, Vestrymen. 

Among the early members of the congregation were many whose 
names are familiar to all who have traced the history of Dover. McFar- 
lan, Blackwell, Cooke, Elliott, Richards, Munson, Tippett, Tremain, 
Stickle, Mott, Jackson, Phillips, Clark. Tonkins, and Green are names 
known and still to be found in our community. These communicants 
came from Dover, near Dover, Succasunna, Mt. Pleasant Mine, Rock- 
away. Denville, Lake Hopatcong, Mt. Hope, Mott Hollow, Mine Hill» 
Long Pond, Swede's Mine, Iron Dale, Scrub Oaks and Ferromont. 



i64 

St. John's treasures the first prayer book used at this time. This 
book was used by the first rector of St. Peter's Church in Morristown, 
Rev. Benjamin Holmes, and its services were marked for punctuation 
and emphasis by Rt. Rev. John Croes, who was one of the first bishops 
of the American Church. It was in continuous use there from 1830 to 
1849, 2.nd v/hen the services were begun in Dover, was presented to the 
new mission by the parent church. 

The Church grew and prospered and on October 18, 1866, work 
was begun upon the present stone edifice upon the plot which Mr. 
McFarlan, Sr., had promised. His son, Henry, fulfilled this promise 
by deeding the land v/nich has become so valuable to the parish, on 
December i, 1866, for the purposes of a church, rectory, and parish 
school. The work of building became burdensome to the little congrega- 
tion, and after foundations were laid the work ceased and services were 
continued in the Academy. When Rev. John F. Butterworth became 
rector the project was revived and under his energetic leadership the 
church building was completed and was consecrated by Bishop Oden- 
heimer in 1871. The total cost was $15,037.19, a large sum for those 
days. 

During the rectorship of Dr. Wm. M. Picks^ay, the present parish 
house (since enlarged) and the rectory were built. I'.luch of this work 
was superintended by Mr. Cadwallader Mulligan, who is still a member 
of the Vestry. 

St. John's has always evidenced a community spirit and co-operation 
in movements for the benefit of the town, and for some years the school 
conducted in the Academy was under its jurisdiction. Pupils are still 
living who studied under the Rev. H. C. H. Dudley, and Piatt's Dtover 
History remarks that documents from the Parish School conducted by 
Rev. James A. Upjohn constitute a report on education in Dover in 
1869. ^t may be interesting to note that the curriculum embraced Cate- 
chism, Sunday lessons, Latin, Arithmetic, Spelling, Reading, Gram- 
mar, Geography, History. Astronomy, Writing. Dictation, Composition, 
Declamation. Drawing, Vocal and Instrumental Music, and French. 
Quite a formidable list vv^hen we know that he had only one assistant, 
Miss Forgus. 

During the influenza epidemic last year (1918), the Parish House 
was used by the town as a hospital for those unable to secure medical 
attention elsewhere. 

During the years of its life St. John's has had the follovvang clergy 
as settled pastors : 

Rev. Charles W. Rankin 1849-1852 

Rev. Charles S. Little 1852-1853 

Rev. J. B. Berry 1853- 

Rev. Nathan W. Munroe 1853-1854 

Rev, Charles F. Hoffman 1S55-1856 

Rev. Francis D. Canfield 1S56-1857 

Rev. H. C. H. Dudley 1857-1860 



i65 

Rev. Thomas W. Street 1860-1S61 

Rev. Thomas Margot 1861-1862 

Rev. James A. Upjohn 1863-1869 

Rev. John F. Butterworth 1869-1871 

Rev. Kdwin E. liutler 1871-18S0 

Rev. David U. Bishop 1881-188^ 

Rev. James B. Mead 1883-1887 

Rev. WilHam M. Pickslay i8S7-i8<,)7 

Rev. C. R. D. Crittendon 1897-1898 

Rev. C. Harvey Ilartman 1898-1904 

Rev. Edgar E. Brooks 1904-1908 

Rev. James A. McCleary 1908-1912 

Rev. Robert J. Tliompson 1912-1914 

Rev. Walter E. tlowe 191 5- 

After his return from Germany, where he represented the Amer- 

can Church for a long period, Dr. Butterworth was elected Rector 

Emeritus. His death occurred May, 1921. 

Walter E. Howe. 

THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH 

Corner of Richards Avenue and Union Street 
The first meeting which led to the organization of the First Baptist 
Church of Dover was held in Bennett's Hall on Blackwell street, Feb- 
ruary 22, 1892. under the leadership of Rev. W. H. Shawger. j^astor 
at Netcong, and Wm. H. Morey of Dover. The organization of the 
church was completed on September 18, 1893, by request of thirty- 
nine members of the Netcong Baptist Church and residents of Dover 
who withdrew from Netcong, with deacons and trustees as follows r 
Deacons — ^Obadiah Parker, Sr., Charles Parker, Peter Swayze ; 
Trustees — James H. Rhone, Eugene Ayres, Thomas Headland, Wm. 
Morey. Clerk and treasurer, Wm. Morey. 

The laying of the cornerstone of the church building took place 
on Sunday, P. M., December 1, 1895, Rev. David Spencer, D.D.. giving 
the address and laying the stone. Dedication of the church edifice 
took place on Sunday afternoon, April 5. 1896. Dedication sermon was 
preached by Rev. D. De Wolf, superintendent of missions, of Newark. 
Rev. E. O. Wilson was appointed pastor in 1921. 
Pastors of the Church : 

Rev. W. H. Shawger 1^93- 

Rev. Melvin Shelford 1902-1904 

Rev. John II. Earle 1904-1906 

Rev. Robert Gordon 1906-1908 

Rev. John A. Cortright 1908-1910 

Rev. T. J. Winslade, Ph.D 1910-1918 

Rev. F. P. Bemensderfer 1918-1920 

Rev. Edwin O. Wilson 1921- 



i66 



CHRYSTAL STREET CHAPEL 



From Mrs. Stephen A. Broadwell (Rachel A.) I have obtained the 
following information about the Chrystal Street Chapel. 

On November i6, 1879, Mrs. Alexander Searing (Jane), residing 
on the top of Chrystal street, gathered children together in her parlor 
for a Sunday School. Mr. C. J. Broadwell was superintendent and 
Mr. Oliver Freeman of the First Presbyterian Church of Dover, his 
assistant. To meet a growing need Mrs. Searing later gave a lot and 
the people erected a small, one-room house (14x14), which may still 
be seen on Chrystal street, now a dwelling, but looking as if it had 
once been something else, like other discarded church buildings in 
-Dover. Mrs. Searing deeded this lot and building to the Grace M. E. 
"Church of Dover. Then it was enlarged and as Grace Church was 
m need of money they, sold it to the Presbyterians. The school grew. 
Then the Presbyterians bought from Wellington C. Casterline the 
site of the present Chapel, on the corner of Morris street and Chrystal 
street, and in 1892 built the edifice now known as Chrystal Street 
•Chapel. Mr. E. J. Ross was much interested in this. In 1908 the 
-Presbyterian Church sold the property to the people of the neighbor- 
'hood, represented by Wm. W. Sickles, J. D. Pedrick and Edward A. 
'Smith. 

Union prayer meetings and a Union Sunday School are held here. 
The people belong to various churches in Dover, but unite in these 
neighborhood meetings. They invite leaders and singers from many 
places to conduct the meetings, which are well attended and heartily 
supported by the people. 

SWEDISH TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH 

From 1872 to 1874 religious services in the Swedish language 
were held in the Presbyterian Church of Dover. These services were 
conducted by Mr. A. B. Lilja, then a young man interested in religious 
work. In 1889 the Swedish Trinity Lutheran Church was organized 
and Mr. Lilja was ordained as pastor. Since that time Mr. Lilja has 
had other charges, as at Wilkesbarre, has b.een a missionary of his 

■people in this country, and has established thirty-three congregations 

«of the Swedish church in Connecticut, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 
He has worked in New York and Philadelphia in behalf of his people 

: and was instrumental in bringing many Swedes to Dover to work in 
the D., L. & W. carshops when they were operated here. There are 
said to have been about five hundred Swedes here then. After the 

' carshops removed from Dover many of the Swedes went away to Cali- 
fornia, Canada and A^Iichigan. 

Rev. A. B. Lilja, D.D., now the venerable pastor of the church 
at the comer of Black well and Mercer streets, has been settled in 
Dover since 1912. The church numbers seventy-eight members; Sun- 
day School, 62. Services in Swedish in the morning ; English in the 
evening. 



i67 

THE SWEDISH BAPTIST CHURCH, founded January i, 
1889. Situated on the corner of Belmont avenue and Linn street. 
Known as "The Httle Church 'round the corner." 

Rev. Carl Wesgerdahl, of Newark, comes to conduct services. 

FACTS ABOUT THE SWEDISH BETHLEHEM CHURCH 

(CONGREGATIONAL) 

(Organized as a Missionary Association, Dec. 6, 1890.) 

The Swedish Bethlehem Church was organized May 26, 1894, 

with 16 members. Present membership 66. Church building, located 

at the corner of Union and River streets, was erected and dedicated 

1898. 

Ministers serving the Church a longer or shorter time: 

O. Sjoberg O. W. Arell 

G. D. Hall G. Bloom 

L. Akeson A. Liljestrand 

J. A. Dahlgren E. Person 

F. Jertberg X. O. Lind (The present minister — Located 

90 Morris street. Began his ministry in Dover, August 24, 1920.) 
The Sunday School has a membership of 90. Young People's 

Society 43, Ladies' Aid 23. 

OTHER CHURCHES 

The society of the Free Methodist Church was organized in 1871. 
The stone building which they occupy on Sussex street was erected 
in 1872. Rev. G. E. La Fave is the pastor. 

In 1872 this congregation used the first church edifice of the 
First Presbyterian Congregation, then vacant because the Presbyter- 
ians had erected their second building. A picture of these two 
Presbyterian buildings is shown in Dover History. 

The Free Methodists completed their own stone edifice on Sussex 
street, on a lot donated by Manning Searing. It was dedicated on 
December 8, 1872. The cost was $5,000. The Free Methodists advo- 
cated inexpensive buildings. 

Rev. W. M. Parry was their preacher in 1872. 

In 1865, in the little town of Perry, New York State, some Metho- 
dists who believed it wrong for a member of their society to hold 
slaves or uphold the institution of slavery withdrew from their former 
church connection and fonned the Free Methodist Church, thus regis- 
tering their conviction that slaves should be set free, and that Christ' 
ians should live the life of spiritual freedom and holiness. 



l€8 

The Christian and Missionary AUiance of Dover, N. J., has held 
meetings here for about eighteen years and is now using the church 
edifice of the Swedish Methodist Church, 21 Hudson street. 

Rev. C. Paul Gates has been the pastor of this society since 19 17. 
Previously services were conducted by students from the Missionary 
Institute at Nyack, N. Y., a training school, undenominational and 
interdenominational, founded by the late Rev. A. B. Simpson, D.D., 
a Presbyterian minister of New York City and Canada. 

The society has 350 missionaries in eighteen mission fields. 

The Swedish Methodist Church has ceased to hold services. The 
members have, for the most part, joined the other Methodist churches 
in town. The building which they once occupied on Hudson street is 
now rented to the Christian Alliance, whose pastor is Rev. Paul Gates. 

The Salvation Army has carried on in Dover since about 1900.. 
Their Captain now is Arthur Woodruff and they occupy a newly fitted- 
up Chapel at 14 South Morris street, next to the playhouse. They 
conduct a Sunday School numbering 150 to 175. They plan to equip 
the top floor of their building as a public gymnasium. They have an 
Advisory Board : Albert Sedgman, Chairman ; Eugene L. White, sec- 
retary ; Edward Jenkins, treasurer ; William F. Birch, Paul Guenther, 
Charles N. Polaski. William S. White, R. F. Woodhull, Emil Katter- 
mann, and John Price. 

The Gaines A. M. E. Mission has been holding religious services 
in the Annex of the Northside School. 

The Mt. Zion Baptist Church has been holding services in Youngle- 
son's Hall for about four years. 

There are in Dover about twenty-five disciples of Pastor Russell 
of Brooklyn. They take the name of International Bible Students, 
and meet for Bible study. 

Adath Israel of Dover, New Jersey. Inc., is the name of the 
Orthodox Hebrew Congregation that meets Friday evening and Satur- 
day morning and evening in the hall over Pierson's Clothing Store, 6 
West Blackwell street. Services are held in Hebrew. The society 
was organized October 18, 19 17, with thirty-two charter members and 
the following officers: Barney Harris, president; Rev. Solomon 
Nimoityn, vice-president; Charles Harris, treasurer; Milton Goldman,., 
secretary. , 



169 



MINE HILL 



The Mine Hill Presbyterian Church has been associated with the 
First Presbyterian Church of Dover in such a way that it may be allow- 
able to include a notice of it in this book of Dover and vicinity. 

In the Magie history of Dover churches we learn that Welshmen 
employed in the mines of Mt. Pleasant and Mine Hill used to assemble 
for religious service in 1850, led by a Welsh preacher, John R. Jenkins. 
Mr. Jenkins removed later to Ohio. In 1859, this Welsh congregation 
united with the Dover Presbyterian Church. In 1869. twenty-eight 
members of the Dover church withdrew to constitute the Welsh Presby- 
terian Church of Richard Mine, and Rev. John R. Jenkins, returning 
from Ohio, became their pastor. 

Meantime Pearce Rogers had conducted religious services in the 
schoolhouse at Mine Hill, with a Sunday School superintended by 
David Jenkins. The pastor of the Dover church often preached there. 
In 1874, twenty-four members of the Dover church withdrew to consti- 
tute the Presbyterian church of Mine Hill. Rev. Pearce Rogers was 
regularly installed as pastor, September 22, 1874. A church edifice was 
erected and, in the summer of 1879, dedicated free of debt. Mr. Rogers 
continued as pastor until his death, January 8, 1893. 

The Mine Hill church was under the care of Dr. Halloway of 
Dover, for a time, who arranged for religious services there. Hilliard 
Gage preached here for a time. Rev. Mr. Todd was pastor for a brief 
time. 

Then Rev. Theodore F. Chambers became the pastor, conducting 
services also in Luxemburg and Berkshire Valley. 

The present pastor. Rev. George McPlierson Hunter, was installed, 
September, 1917. Mr. Hunter has written short stories published in 
various magazines and is the author of the following books; Morning 
Faces, When I Was a Boy in Scotland, and Gardens of Green. 

In considering how best to secure information about our churches, 
I first thought it would be well for the ministers' club, if they had one, 
to take up the matter, collect data, and appoint one of their numl>er to 
write a discourse on The Function of the Church in the Development of 
This Community — or any community, for that matter. But this has 
not been done. If you want to hear from the clergy, attend any church 
in Dover. I am doing the best I can in the circumstances, as a mere 
layman. But I want something besides statistics and dates to represent 
"The Function of the Church," of Religion, in the upbuilding of com- 
munity life. To fill this gap my historical poem on Mine Hill Church, 
in commemoration of their pastors, may do duty, although not written 
for this purpose; and its concluding summary of a sermon by Mr. 
Chambers may serve as the utterance of the clergy, for which I was 
seeking, ujXDn this theme. 



I70 

MINE HILL CHURCH 

LANDMARK seen from afar, stands Mine Hill Church on the 

hilltop, 
Lifting its spire to the sky, a beacon light of the Gospel. 
Here was a mining town, the Dickerson Mine and the By ram 
Made it a busy place, the folk were numbered by hundreds. 
5 Men from Cornwall and Wales came over the ocean to labor 
Here in these New World mines and delve for iron in our hillsides ; 
Men whose sires were skilled to garner deephidden treasure, 
Iron and coal and tin — shrewd men with a lineage hidden 
Far back in times when daring Phoenician seamen and traders 

lo Sought for the Briton's tin to mingle with copper, so making 
Weapons of bronze and utensils better than those of their fathers, 
Better than wood and stone, for betterment comes with the ages. 
Long ago were those days when the mystic relics of Stonehenge, 
Huge, unshapen stones, were marshalled in order mysterious ; 

15 Long ago were the days, when, deep in the forest, the Druids 

Ruled those tribes of the dawn, whose hearts were thrilled by the 

awesome 
Gloom of the ancient oaks of the v/ood with wide-spreading 

branches. 
Gleam of the glittering stars of the sky, that change with the seasons 
And by the still, small voice of a Spirit within them and o'er them, 

20 Round about them, creative, life-giving, earth-shaping, heaven- 
ruling. 
From those far-away days we come to the church on the hilltop, 
Landmark seen from afar, the Mine Hill Church where the pilgrim 
Miner folk of these hills, strong men and women and children. 
Met for worship when Dominie Rogers stood in that pulpit. 

25 Godfearing men they were and here they builded their temple, 
Lifting their hearts to the God of light who rules in the heavens, 
Building their lives on his gospel truth, revealed by the Saviour. 
Heartily they rejoiced in their new built church on the hilltop; 
Thronged was the house of God — four hundred gathered to worship, 

30 Led by their pastor beloved, Pearce Rogers, son of a miner. 
Miner himself, for gold, then teacher and preacher and head man 
Over the Millen Mine: he knew the hearts of his people, 
Knew their ways and their work, their trials, sorrows and hardships. 
He was a Cornish man, but he knew the Welsh and their country, 

35 Knew how to comfort his flock with solace drawn from the Scrip- 
tures, 
Not so learned in books as in the life of his people, 
Skilled in the winning of souls, more precious to him than hid 

treasure. 
Who are the folk who have met in days gone by at this altar? 
What are the names of those who have rallied so long with their 
children? 



171 

40 In this house of God to hear His word, sing His praises 

Cornish names we find, and mingled with them are Welshmen — 
THOMAS and JENKINS and BRAY, and CURNOW and 

ENNOR and WILLIAIMS. 
BATH and POWELL and WHITTEMORE. TONKING. 

TREDINNICK and others. 
MARTIN. MILLEN and BASSETT— l)ut who can tell all the 
faithful? 

45 Music-loving, fervent, eloquent, orderly, steadfast; 

Not much given to waves of excitement, hut holding the standard 
Ever aloft, though few were their numl)ers and short were their 

purse-strings. 
David Jenkins, a genuine Welshman and Elder heloved. 
Founded the Sahhath School, the righthand man of his pastor. 

50 Head of the Byram Mine was he, well versed in his calling. 

Knowing the working of ore and how to deal with his workmen, 
Caring most for the Kingdom of God, for treasure in heaven. 
Rogers and Jenkins, they stood shoulder to shoulder as hrothers, 
Pillars, upholding the Church, with hearts of zealous devotion, 

55 Seeking and finding the truth divine of the Holy Scriptures 
As strong men who think for themselves and cherish the wisdom 
Found in that grand old book, the treasure-trove of the ages. 
Soon came the long, lean years, when panic reached to these hill- 
tops, 
Years when the mines shut down and the iron foundries of Dover 

60 Ceased from their wonted toil, when plenty failed and dread hunger 
Drove men forth from their homes to seek their fortune wherever 
Work could be found. First the younger men, lighthanded, light- 
hearted, 
Had to go out and find for themselves, as their fathers before them, 
Where the world had need of their young blood, vigor, and courage, 

65 Founding new homes and learning new trades, if need be, but 
keeping. 
Deep in their hearts the love of the old folks and cherishing ever 
Memories of the faith and love that nourished their childhood. 
Now, when the time drew near that many must go from this parish, 
Dominie Rogers l^ade them assemble and hear from this pulpit 

70 Words of kindly farewell and admonition and counsel. 

I'aking his text from Job, he preached an old-fashioned sermon. 
Canst thou bind, said he, the Pleiades fast in the heavens? 
Freely they wander from zone to zone like the wandering miner. 
Seen in all parts of the world and shedding sweet influence — like 
them 

75 May you be where you go. I ask you then to look upward, 
Find these stars in the sky and see them shining above you. 
Just as they shine to-night — then think of father and mother. 
Think of the Church on the hill and say, "God bless you and keep 



you 



I" 



172 

So he touched their hearts. He loved the stars and observed them, 
80 Searching the sky with his glass, as their gleaming hosts shone in 

Clearly seen from his house on this wind-swept, heaven-kissed 

upland. 
Far, 'neath the southern skies, a lad from that number, years after. 
Driving his engine up the Chilean slopes of the Andes, 
Leaning far out from his engine cab, saw, shining above him. 

85 Brighter than ever, that wandering cluster, the Pleiades, shining. 
Cheered was his lonely heart at the sight and he greeted them gladly, 
"God bless the Mine Hill Church !" he cried, as he climbed the great 

mountains. 
So, from hillside and glen, the young men went on their travels ; 
Older men, with homesteads fixed and upspringing households, 

90 Stayed and found some way to keep things going ; a remnant 
Clung to the once-filled Church with ever-stedfast devotion. 
So, for a score of years, Pearce Rogers preached from this pulpit, 
Then his voice was stilled, his work for Aline Hill was finished. 
When Pearce Rogers was called to his rest, when ended his labors, 

95 Doctor Halloway then, of Dover, for a brief season. 

Took us under his wing and brought us teachers and preachers. 
Hither came Hilliard Gage, a stripling then, full of promise, 
Bringing the word of truth as taught in the School of the Prophets. 
Elders Meeker and Ross from Dover Church put their shoulders 

100 To our chariot wheels — their memory lingers among us. 

Parson Todd, for a time, upheld us. Then Dominie Chambers 
Took his place in the line of Apostolic Succession. 
When to the little flock of stedfast souls on the hilltop 
Dominie Chambers became shepherd of souls, but a remnant 

105 Yet remained of those who had filled the church to the doorways. 
"Hold fast !" now was the word, as Doctor Halloway put it. 
When he preached on the hill at their twenty-fifth anniversary. 
"Hold fast that which thou hast — no crowded meetings await you. 
Here is no stately dome, no splendor of rites or of riches. 

no Staying power is the test of faith and devotion and valor — 
Sheer, unconquerable grit that stands by its guns undefeated 
When the first glad cheers give way to the shock of the combat." 
Such were the words of greeting that Doctor Halloway uttered 
When to these wild, rough hills his brother pastor he welcomed. 

115 Here for eighteen years, with quiet courage and patience. 

Dominie Chambers stood at his post and preached the pure Gospel. 
Preachers, like works of art, are different, not a mere copy 
One of the other, and so the flock may thrive by the changes 
Brought about by time and Providential disposing. 

120 Son of a scholarly sire, of metropolitan nurture, 

Versed in the lore of the schools, in art, in science, in letters, 
Delver in genealogical mines, a local historian, 



173 

Parliamentarian apt. in councils august presbyterial, 
Weighing with critical judgment and philosophical insight 

125 Arguments pro and con, and holding fast to the better, 
Dominie Chambers made his mark, a man of broad culture, 
Teaching by what he was. a man withal who could cherish 
Friendships rooted deep, heartening, cordial, and lasting. 
Not as a man of the mines, a miner to fellow miners, 

130 Spake he to his flock, as did his good predecessor; 

Times had changed and he wrought among a new generation. 
Those who knew no birthplace beyond the billowy ocean. 
Growing to manhood here, and womanhood, speaking our language, 
Taught in American schools, and seeking other vocations. 

135 Learning other ways than those of their fathers, the pilgrims — 
These, the upspringing race, confronting new times and new notions, 
Found in Dominie Chambers a leader and guide, an instructor, 
Well abreast of his times, yet holding fast to the Saviour, 

i-^o Steering by that Pole Star and never swept from his moorings 
\\'hen the clear, firm faith that ch.^ered th2 fathers v/as challenged. 
Let me tell you now of a sermon that Dominie Chambers 
Preached in his time : it pleased a friend and the sermon was printed, 
So that we have his words: already I've told you the story 

145 Of one sermon preached in this Church — the Pleiades sermon, 
Preached to men who were leaving their homes and the Church on 

the hilltop. 
Found in the ancient psalms, the text is now "A Church-goer" — 
One who went up to the house of the Lord and v^^orshipped with 

gladness 
When the tribes went up to praise the Lord in Mount Zion. 

150 Climbing a hill was then a prelude to worship, a lifting 
Up of the eyes to the heights, a drawing nearer to heaven, 
Breathing a finer air with exhilaration of spirit. 
Taking a wider view of life, rejoicing with others 
In the name of the Lord, the fountain-head of thanksgiving. 

155 Can we catch to-day, with all our inventions and progress — 
Can we feel and value aright the perennial freshness 
Of those age-old lyrics of worship sung on Mount Zion? 
Human hearts were then as deeply thrilled, as responsive 
To "the joy of the Lord" as now and uttered their praises 

160 In as noble a song as any latter-day choral 

Sung by a tuneful choir: we still repeat the old anthems. 
Learning from ancient bards to join in hymning the goodness, 
Loving kindness and mercies untold of God our Redeemer. 
So the old tribes went up — Judah and Benjamin, joining 

165 With their brethren — never so mighty, so glad, so united 

As when they met in the Mount of the Lord and sought for his 
blessing. 

When on their waiting hearts the spirit descended, they cherished 



174 

Memories of such hours as life's most precious possessions. 
Is there still a way for us to seek and to find Him? 

170 Are there heavenly gates that we may enter and stand there 
Rapt in ecstasy keen as theirs, with faith as well founded? 
Yes, we may come to His house, may enter His other-world portals. 
Not forgetting our work-a-day life, the duties that bind us 
Close to our fellowmen, the human ties that unite us, 

175 Like the tribes of old, in brotherhood — union ennobling! 
Could all nations be led to one great Mount of Assembly, 
Join in anthems sweet of brotherly kindness and worship, 
Lift united hearts in prayer and praise to their Maker, 

180 Where were then the strife, the envy, bloodshed, and hatred 
Century-old — the curse that haunts man's history ever? 
Pray for a City blest and well-compacted together. 
Whither the tribes go up, where thrones are set, thrones of judg- 
ment. 
Pray for the peace that reigns within the portals of Zion, 

185 Pray for the Coming of Him whose Word of Peace is Hope's 
anchor. 
Then shall this world return as the wandering Dove came to Noah, 
Then shall the tribes of Earth be glad indeed when the Spirit, 
Gift of Pentecost, shall dwell in the hearts of God's Children. 
Such was the faith that was preached from this pulpit by Dominie 
Chambers, 

190 Leading his folk to the Mercy Seat of God our Redeemer. 

Written for the Memorial Service of January 30, 1921. 



175 
CEMETERIES 

There are persons who remember that there was once a burying 
ground on Morris street, just about northeast of Ford's Pond. This 
was done away with after the Dover Cemetery Association was ore^anized 
in 1854 under the Act of 1851. Wilham Young, the leaker, of Dicker- 
son street, had acquired a garden plot at the end of Orchard street. 
When the Cemetery Association wished to acquire his garden plot to he 
a part of the new cemetery, he relinquished it in exchange for two lots 
on Orchard street. 

The "first voters" of the new association were John Sand ford, 
Sidney Breese, Samuel Searing, Moses Hurd, Jabez ]\Iills, Titus Berry, 
William A. Dickerson, Zenas Pruden, Jacob Segler, Aaron Doty, Byram 
Pruden, Cornelius B. Gage, William Ford, Edward T. Thompson, Henry 
D. Tuttle, Jabez L. Allen, James H. Neighbour. 

William Young was made president. 

At the present time (1922) A. Judson Coe is president, and Lyman 
M. Smith is secretary-treasurer. 

Locust Hill Cemetery Association was incorporated July 27, 1867. 
Wm. W. Sickles has been president since 1902. Lawrence R. Hancy 
is vice-president and Harry R. Gill, treasurer. The ground was form- 
erly occupied in part by the Kelso family for their residence and garden. 
The place was known as Kelso Hill. 

One of the earliest graveyards about here was that of the Quakers 
at Lampson's farm (1748) where there is now an apple orchard. The 
graves, in accordance with Quaker custom, were not marked. All the 
dead were laid to rest on terms of perfect equality, as far as the arrange- 
ment of burial ground was concerned. A new burying ground was laid 
out back of the new meeting house of 1758, about a mile west of the one 
on Lampson's farm. Here, too, the graves showed no names marked on 
headstones. But Mr. James Brotherton knew the name of each "by 
heart." Wlien he passed away the knowledge of names and locations 
was lost. 

To care for the meeting house of 1758 and the burying ground back 
of it "The Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Association of Ran- 
dolph Township" was formed on 6th mo., 28th day, 1898. The Trustees 
are at present: Eugene A. Carrell, president; Fred Hance, secretary; 
Charles H. Brotherton, treasurer; Henry yMward, Wheeler Corwin, E. 
Bertram Mott, Thomas Baker, 



176 

THE MT. SINAI CEMETERY ASSOCIATION 

The Dover Hebrew Society was org'anized in 1882 with ten mem- 
bers, as follows: L. D. Schwarz, George Feder, Wm. Simon, M. Kings- 
burg, S. Battlestein, D. Less and H. Heiman of Dover; A. Kaufman 
of Rockaway, George Harris of Boonton, and B. Fogelson of Stanhope. 

A Sunday School was organized by the Society with twenty-two 
children enrolled. The average attendance was twenty, that of the 
Dover children beine 98 per cent. The Society was in existence until 
December 14th, 1886— four years; after which most of the original 
members had moved away from Dover. There are now left but two of 
the original members — Wm. Simon and H. Heiman. 

In 1897 the Dover Hebrew Literary Society was organized with ten 
charter members, as follows : S. Heller, Wm. Simon, H. Rassler, C. 
Polasky, J. Lowrie, L. Shreur, P. Livingston, L. Livingston, and H. 
Heiman. A few months later the membership was increased to twenty. 
In May of the same year the Society gave its first strawberry festival, 
which netted a fine profit. In February, 1898, the Society held its first 
anniversary, which netted $110.03. I" May of the same year a deposit 
of $175 was made in the Dover bank. The treasurer's report in July 
showed receipts $311.37 and disbursements $109.66, leaving a balance 
of $201.71. Part of the disbursements v/ere for aid to poor families, 
amongst whom were some of other faiths. 

In September, 1899, the Society bought about two acres of ground 
for a cemetery, for which was paid $250. Over $350 more was spent 
on improvements. 

In May, 1898, when the United States called out our boys for 
service in the army, the Society was the first to appropriate $50 to 
assist the families who were in need of help. 

In September, 1899, the name of the Dover Hebrew Society was 
changed to the "Mt. Sinai Association." In 1904 the Association donated 
$75 to the Kishineff relief fund and also helped many families who were 
in need. 

The officers of the Association are: Henry Heiman, president; 
Abram Schoenbrun, vice-president; William Simon, treasurer, and 
Alexander Davis, secretary. 



PART V 
Military Organizations 



178 



HYMN FOR INDEPENDENCE DAY 

Lo ! 'tis the morning when Liberty rose, 

Claiming her birthright, my Country, in theej 

Liberty, child of a world's mighty throes. 
Gift of the Father, who reigns ever free. 

Far, from the East, see her banner advance. 
Bright with the life-blood of heroes of old, 

Fair with the hopes of the day's cloudless glance, 
Gleaming with light from night's lamps manifold. 

Welcome, glad welcome, from ocean's wild wave! 

Here plant thy banner our coasts to defend ! 
Welcome, glad welcome our forefathers gave ; 

Blessings for aye on our children descend ! 

God of the nations, to Thee is our prayer ; 

Be Thou our helper, our guide evermore ; 
Grateful, we praise Thee ; O let us still share. 

Share in Thy smile, as our fathers of yore. 

God of the nations, we pray not alone 

For the young land that our forefathers knew;- 

Far may Thy kingdom of mercy be known. 

Wide as the sweep of Thy heaven's own blue t 



179 

MILITARY 

The Colonial and early wars of our country have been fully 
recorded in other books, accessible in our Public Library, such as 
Stryker's "Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Revolutionary War," 
and Munsell's History of Morris County (1882). Rev. Joseph F. 
Tuttle, D.D., of Rockaway, gathered up the Morris County traditions 
and local legends of the French and Indian War and the Revolution. 
Upon his work, chiefly, are based the "Ballads of New Jersey in the 
Revolution." which narrate many of these stories of Morris County. In 
"Dover Dates" we are giving material not published before. 

Alonzo B. Searing tells how, as a boy, he used to walk from hisi 
home in Millbrook to attend the military parades held then in Succa- 
sunna on patriotic holidays. There he would hear the orators of the; 
day and see three veterans of the War of 181 2 ride in the procession,, 
which was lead by a veneraljle veteran carrying on a pole a Liberty Cap) 
of red, white and blue. 

The three veterans of 1812 were Byram Pruden. James Ford, and 
John D. Sickles, father of our veteran fireman, Wm. W^ Sickles — all o£ 
Dover. 

General Winfield Scott, of the Mexican War, resided in Elizal>eth^ 
N. J., and there the author of "Dover Dates" has seen him ride out on. 
horseback or in a carriage drawn by a handsome pair of grays. My^ 
grandfather was his family physician and I have dazzling recollections, 
of a brilliant "party" at the old mansion, which I attended when a child. 
But in time the old mansion stood empty and deserted. W^e lx)ys used 
to climb up on the back porch roof and enter the second story windows, 
roaming al)0ut the vacuous rooms, almost fearing to see the old General 
appear before us. We raised terrific warwhoops to keep up our courage. 
But the echoes died away in desolation. Sic transit gloria miindi. 

His mansion is now well preserved as one of the historic land- 
marks of Elizabeth. 

THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC 

July 19, 1881, the Dover veterans of the Civil War instituted the 
Major Anderson Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, naming it in 
honor of the loyal commander of Fort Sumter. In a few years the 
name was changed to "James McDavit Post," in honor of James Mc- 
Davit of Dover, who was killed, at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863, while 
binding up the wounds of his commander. Captain Thomas J. Halsey. 

There were twenty-eight charter members of the Post, of whom 
three now survive — George H. Wolfe, James Brannin, and A. B. Sear- 
ing, 'i^lie Post now numlicrs sixteen members, who meet in March, 
June, September, and December, on the second Friday of the month, 
Having the following officers: E. G. Rockwell, Commander; A. U. Scar- 
ing, Adjutant; and John Burrell, Quartermaster. 



i8o 

Alonzo B. Searing has long been the recognized historian of Dover's 
part in the Civil War of the sixties. Many will remember his patriotic 
addresses to our schools on Memorial Day occasions and the unaffected 
eloquence with which he has told of Dover's share in preserving the 
Union. "The History of the Eleventh New Jersey Regiment," by 
Sergeant Thomas D. Marbaker, of Trenton, formerly a resident of 
Dover, contains material furnished by Mr. Searing, relating to men of 
Dover who served in that regiment. 

It has long been the wish of Mr. Searing's heart that a fitting monu- 
ment should be erected by Dover and Randolph Township to the soldiers 
of all wars from the Revolution to the present, and this wish was 
expressed by him and others on our last Memorial Day. when the statue 
for the soldiers of our late war was unveiled in Hurd Park. 

An extract from a poem by our fellow townsman, Uzal Newton 
Crane, well expresses the sentiments that have long been cherished by 
our Memorial Day Exercises in honor of the Grand Army of the 
^Republic, 

OUR FALLEN HEROES 

; Cover their dust with the brightest flowers blooming, 

Afifection so deep the cold world has ne'er known ; 
; 'Twill live in some hearts till Time, all-consuming, 

; Effaces all epitaphs graven in stone. 

Children unborn shall yet rise to succeed us, 

And heap up new honors where sleep the brave slain, 

Who saw but decay where disunion would lead us. 
But Liberty's tomb when our land lay in twain. 

Deck ye their dust! the dire conflict is over. 
The warriors are mute to the madness of war ; 

Peace, like a halo, around them doth hover, 
She beams in our skies as a bright polar star. 

, Strewn be their beds with floral profusion, 

;• From Green Mountains down to the stormy Gulf-side, 

They gave not their lives to giddy delusion. 
Nor mighty ambition, as monarchs have died. 

Theirs was the task which the right ever urges. 
Incumbent on all loyal men to uphold — 

Strewn be their graves from Atlantic's long surges 
To far California's famed flowers and gold ! 

Soft be the dirge o'er the soldiers' low pillows, 

Bright the banners that wave while the blossoms ye strew ; 

Firm as the rocks by the storm-beaten billows 

May the North and the South stand united and true ! 

May, 1878. 



i8| 

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR, 1898 

From a tattered copy of "The Morris Journal," of May 5. 1898, we 
glean a few facts about Dover in the S])anish-Anierican War. This 
information is eked out by a little pamphlet, "Roster and Addresses of 
the Second New Jersey Volunteer Infantry in the Spanish-American 
War, 1898," printed at Paterson, N. J. 

The Dover men belonged to Company M, having the following 
officers: Captain. Edward L. Petty; First Lieutenant, John W. RofF; 
Second Lieutenant, Ernest W. Goodell ; First Sergeant, Adelbert P. 
McDavit ; Quartermaster Sergeant, Warren Surnburger ; Sergeants, 
Charles F. Roderer, Arthur D. Kelly, Ernest C. Dalzell, John Koerferl. 
With the Dover men were a few men from Morristown and other places, 
making eighty-five privates and twenty-five others — officers, corporals, 
artificer, wagoner, and musicians. 

The Regiment Adjutant was Captain John T. Hilton of Paterson, 
N. J. The Colonel of the regiment was Edwin W. Hine of Orange, 
N. J. A "Brief History" included in the Roster informs us that this 
regiment was organized in Passaic, Bergen, Essex, and Morris Counties, 
with headquarters at Paterson. It arrived at Sea Girt, May 2. 1898. and 
was mustered into the United States service May 13. 14. and 15. 1898. 
Left Sea Girt. June i. 1898. and arrived at Camp Cuba Libre, Jackson- 
ville, Fla., June 3, 1898. Was assigned to the First Brigade, Second 
Division. Seventh Army Corps, commanded by Major General Fitzhugh 
Lee. Remained at Camp Cuba Libre until September 2, 1898. 

Owing to the large number sick with tvphoid fever the regiment left 
Florida, September 20. t8q8. and arrived at Sea Girt, September 22, 
as per orders from the War Department, to be mustered out. The regi- 
ment was finally mustered out November 17, i8q8. 

On Monday, May second. Company M left Dover for Sea Girt. 
The streets were early astir with people. Flags were flying. Photog- 
raphers and amateurs were taking pictures. At the armory, soon after 
eight o'clock, the men fell into line and the roll was called. Chaplain 
McCormick. in behalf of William S. Collard, presented a beautiful 
American flag. Three cheers were given for the flag, three for Company 
M. three for Captain Petty, three for the officers. Captain Petty then 
called on Dr. David Spencer for a parting word to the Company. He 
based his remarks on the name "Company M," of which he made an 
acrostic. 

C is for Country, the whole country. 

O is for Obedience. 
M is for Mettle. 

P is for Patriotism. 

A is for American, the American continent, which takes in the United 
States and Cuba, too. for right and humanity. 

N Notable. You are a notable Company. 

Y Yankee, which used to stand for excellence, as "A Yankee good 

soldier." 
M stands for Manhood. You comprise the manhood of Dover. 



182 

The Armory w^s a large building, once used as a skating rink. 
occupying the ground where Birch & Basset's garage and the "Index" 
office now are, on Essex street. Here Company M had been accustomed 
to meet and drill before the war was thought of. 

The line of march from the armory was led by the Enterprise 
Band, followed by Chief of Police Hagan and assistant McElroy. 
McDavitt Post G. A. R. was the escort of honor. It was a fine sight to 
see the veterans of '6i with their magnificent Post flag, leading off the 
""boys of '98." Then followed the Dover Council No. 6. O. U. A. M., 
and a large concourse of citizens with Mayor Pierson in the front line. 
The route taken was out Essex to Blackwell, up Blackwell to Warren, 
up Warren to the depot. 

Farewells were soon spoken. The 9 145 train was taken. Attached 
to it were two cars of the Pennsylvania Railroad on which Company M 
"were to go through to Sea Girt. The train was in charge of Conductor 
James McKay, engineer Michael Dunn, fireman Michael Duy, with 
Fred Stager, Al Weaver and Ed Streeter as members of the crew. 
With the American flag in front and the American and Cuban flags in 
the rear the train moved out amid tears and cheers, the music of the 
band and the waving of flags, hats, and handkerchiefs. 

In connection with the departure of Company M the incident of 
the peanut stand, recalled by many, caused great excitement. A for- 
eigner who kept a peanut stand on Warren street by the Baker Building, 
when he saw the men of Company M marching in the street, said that 
he hoped they would never live to return from the war. This was 
afterwards acknowledged by the man. Mr. W. H. Baker ordered him 
to remove his goods from the cellar of the Baker Building. Mayor 
Ferdinand Wolfe ordered him to remove his stand from the street. 
Eventually some of the young men and boys in town battered down his 
stand and burned it as Company M was marching by to the railroad 
station. The offender escaped. 

While the Dover men saw no active service in the war of 1898, they 
received drill and experience of camp life. This military drill and expe- 
rience came into play later in a way never anticipated at the time of the 
Cuban war. Lieut. Roff of Company M organized a company of boys 
and young men, entitled The Hoagland Guards, whom he drilled in the 
rooms of the Hoagland Memorial Church. Many of those who received 
this instruction became officers in the war of 191 7, and took part either in 
the operations of the regular army or in drilling our Home Defense 
companies, as shown in their history. Others, not in the Hoagland 
Guards, but having been drilled in 1898, helped drill the men of 191 7. 
Thomas J. Conlan, David W. Heiman, and A. P. McDavitt helped 
organize our first Home Defense League, and Obadiah S. Parker, Jr. 
served as Second Lieutenant of the Militia Reserves throughout the war 
of 1917-19. 

The columns of "The Morris Journal" contain poems expressing 
the sentiment of the time. We quote the following stanzas from a poem 
by Peter Egbert Galligan of Boonton: 



ir . ... 183 

THE MARCH OF THE FR£E 

From the northland and the southland, 

From the east and from the west, 
From the noble Alleghanies, 

To the Rockies' snow-capped crest. 

From the glowing hills of vintage, 

From beside the sunny sea, 
We are marching on to Cuba 

'Neath the flag of liberty. 

We are marching forward ever 

With our standard to the air, 
And its crimsoned bars of glory 

With the stars float freely there. 

And the winds that rule the forest, 

With the winds that rule the sea, 
Tell the story of our mission — 

"We are come to make man free." 

The men of Company M did not get to the front. Their worst 
enemies were the typhoid fly, rations unfit to eat, ignorance, incompetence 
and neglect as shown in camp management. Company M had a good 
officer in Captain Petty, who did his best for his men. Lieutenant John 
W. Roff proved himself a competent and faithful officer, always study- 
ing to improve and caring for his men. Quartermaster Warren Surn- 
burger did all he could to make the l>est of things and when the Gov- 
ernment sent on 100 pound boxes of baking soda to feed the hungry men, 
he succeeded in trading it off at the corner grocery for something more 
satisfying. This is only one instance of the continual battle for food. 
Camp sanitation was at its worst. 

Governor Foster W. Voorhees saw that our men received full 
equipment, even to overcoats, before they reached the balmy climate of 
Florida. These blue overcoats with bright brass buttons were quite 
ornamental when strapped outside of the knapsacks, and carried on the 
back. Some regiments were not nearly as well equipped as the Second 
New Jersey. The Southerners were amazed at the toggery of Company 
M, including those overcoats. "Where be you uns all from?" they said. 
Answer: "From New Jersey." Reply: "What State is New Jersey in?" 

When the men were mustered out and reached home they looked 
like skeletons. 

The experiences of this war led to some needed reforms in the 
military service. The lessons of the Russo-Japanese War and the Boer 
War were also observed, leading to other changes in tactics, equipment, 
and sanitation. Even then, our peaceful pre-occupations and purposes 
left us almost defenceless at the outbreak of hostilities in Europe in 1914. 



lS4 

Quartermaster Warren Surnburger did his utmost to provide for 
and care for his men, by securing suitable food and accommodations. 
On their first trip to Florida they suffered greatly for want of eatable 
rations. You should hear Sergeant Surnburger give his personal 
reminiscences of their experience, I have tried to get him to write them 
out for this book. Like all Dover people he is "very busy." What he 
can tell in an hour would make a long story. Among other things he tells 
how grateful the men were for certain money raised by the people of 
Dover for their benefit, which helped them to reach home alive after 
long sickness. The people of Morristown sent down a box filled with 
all sorts of articles which added greatly to the comfort of the men while 
in camp. 

But the other side of the story — the lack of sanitation, the mis- 
management, the downright dishonesty encountered in many ways — 
was no credit to our country. 

THE BOYS' BRIGADE 

Bv H. Miller Roff 

J. Wesley Rofif was First Lieutenant of Company M, the Second 
Regiment of the New Jersey Volunteers and served in the Spanish- 
American War in 1898, enlisting May 2, discharged November 17, 1898. 
Believing in the need of a military company in Dover, having seen the 
necessity of trained soldiers during his soldier life in the United States 
Army, upon his return he made plans for an organization of such a 
character in Dover. 

Lieutenant Roff was janitor of the Memorial Presbyterian Church, 
in which church the military company was formed. He was also State 
Corresponding Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. A few boys whom Mr. Roff 
knew at the time were taken and on October 13, 1899, a company was 
formed with eleven members, being boys whose ages ranged from 
twelve to fourteen years. A boy who was big for his age would be 
permitted to join under the age of twelve, but the minimum for the 
average built boy was that age, accepting youth of any church denomina- 
tion or nationality, despite the fact that all drills and entertainments 
were held under the roof of the Presbyterian Church. The trustees of 
the church gave the boys the use of the lecture room in the church and 
built gun racks for them. 

The boys' first guns were made of wood. Better guns and regula- 
tion rifles were obtained later. The organization was named the "Boys' 
Brigade." The membership grew to nearly two hundred members, 
maintaining the policy of allowing any boy to join with the consent of 
his parents. The reason why the church took such an interest in this 
work was that a number of attempts had been made to form an unde- 
nominational Men's Club. Although such plans failed, the Boys' Brigade 
carried out this purpose in a dififerent way. 

The organization grew to such numbers that two companies were 
formed, known as Company A and Company B. Later a third company 



i85 

had to be formed, known as Company C. Later on, as the boys in 
Company A were becoming men, the older ones formed an artillery 
company known as Battery A, all of the companies being under command 
of Lieutenant RofF. 

'I'he honorary title of "Colonel" was bestowed upon Mr. Roll by 
the members in the late years of the ors^anization. Meanwhile, because 
the boys were well on into manhood and because the organization was so 
closely associated with the church, the name of the Boys' Brigade was 
changed to "The Hoagland Guards," which was taken from Hudson 
Hoagland, the donor of the church, who had done so much for the boys 
during his lifetime. 

When organized but a year the Hoagland Guards went into camp 
and continued to do so each year until they disbanded in 191 1. For 
four years they encamped at Budd Lake and for a few years they went 
to Lake Hopatcong; but in the later years Budd Lake was chosen as 
the most suitable place. They named their camp "Camp Hoagland." It 
attracted much attention among summer visitors, receiving favorable 
comment. Because of their youtlifulness full military discipline was not 
adhered to. 

From the beginning of the organization Annual Lispections were 
held, showing the progress made. All kinds of drilling, games, and 
exhibitions were featured in these annual events. An Annual Bazaar, 
held in the rear of the church, was another event always looked forward 
to by the boys. 

The organization of two basketball teams was a big addition to the 
athletic activities, a gymnasium having been provided for in the church 
when it was built. Later on. the old church, then known as Library Hall, 
was used for drilling and athletic work. They also had a baseball team. 
Both the basketball and baseball teams were very successful in their 
exhibitions, having won many laurels, accepting in good nature also a 
number of defeats. 

As the boys proceeded in their work, those best fitted were advanced 
in rank to be corporals, sergeants, lieutenants, and so on until some were 
made honorary majors. 

The organization was practically self-supporting, but so po]nilar 
that citizens suggested regular subscriptions. Through their own efforts 
they were fully equipped and, after they were disl)anded, these boys left 
with such qualifications for military life that some of them, in the late 
World War, were immediately promoted to be commissioned and non- 
commissioned officers. They gained additional training in the Dover 
Guards and Home Defense League, becoming officers in both of these 
organizations. The following is a list of men so promoted from time 
to time : 

Dr. A. A. L. Baker Benjamin Hosking 

Coleridge H. Benedict, Jr. Jeft'rey Hosking 

Raymond Cox Orray Ayres 

George R. Flartey Martin Schimmel 

Charles A. Gillen Horace WoodhuU 

Sidney M. Gillen 



i86 

Thomas Swayze H. Miller Roff 

James Armitage ^ Harold Richards 

William Rule Carl Searing 

Edgar Parker Raymond Stringer 

Fred H. Roff Wm. Turner 

Roy H. Parcell 

THE DOVER GUARD 
By Edward W. Larsen 

On February 7th, 19 16, thirteen men met at The Baker Theater 
Annex for the purpose of forming a local military company. Rev. T. J. 
Winslade presided at the meeting, at which time plans were discussed 
and such enthusiasm was manifested that ofificers were elected and 
committees appointed to proceed with the organization. 

The following officers were nominated and elected : Captain, H. 
J. Hasselbauer; First Lieuetenant, Wm. J. Robertson; Second Lieuten- 
ant, R. E. Stringer; Chaplain, T. J. Winslade; Adjutant, H. J. Sutton. 

The committee appointed to secure quarters were successful in 
obtaining Roth's Hall at the corner of Blackwell and Essex streets for 
drill and meeting purposes. 

At the second meeting held a week later, there were about fifty 
young men who signified their intention of joining the company and the 
first drill was conducted that ni^^ht. It was at a business meeting held 
after this first drill that the name "The Dover Guard" was adopted. 

Rifles were borrowed from the Hoagland Memorial Church, uni- 
forms were shortly secured, each member paying for his own, and the 
work of drilling was begun in earnest. 

The organization grew with leaps and bounds and in a short while 
it was decided to split the company and form a battalion. The election 
of officers for the battalion resulted as follows : 

Major, H. J. Hasselbauer; Adjutant, H. J. Sutton; Chaplain, T. J. 
Winslade; Captain Co. A., Wm. J. Robertson; First Lieutenant, E. W. 
Larsen ; Second Lieutenant, R. E. Stringer ; Captain Co. B., A. L. L. 
Baker; First Lieutenant, Edgar Parker. 

The plans of The Dover Guard having worked out so well, neigh- 
boring towns were asked to form companies and invited to join with 
ours in forming a regiment. At a meeting held in Hotel Dover, a regi- 
ment was formed and was to be known as The New Jersey Civic Reserve. 
Major Hasselbauer was elevated to the colonelship of the regiment. 
This necessitated an election for Major in The Dover Guard, to which 
position Captain Robertson was promoted. E. W. Larsen was advanced 
to the captaincy of Company A, and R. E. Stringer to First Lieutenant. 
The Life of The N. J. Civic Reserve was not long, however; but The 
Dover Guard continued to flourish under the able leadership of Major 
Robertson. 



i87 

Shortly after the formation of The Dover Guard, it became affili- 
ated with The National Rifle Association, through which five Krag rifles 
and 120 rounds of ammunition per man were secured. A re^^ulation 
rifle range was constructed on Captain Baker's property at Milll)rook. 
Once each week the members of the companies would participate in 
rifle practice and, to stimulate interest in shooting, contests were held 
between the two companies. 

At the time of the entrance of the United States into the war, the 
Dover Guard at the request of Mayor Whitham, undertook the duty of 
guarding the town's water works. It was here that the young men of 
the Dover Guard received much of the training which benefited them so 
much, when later they entered the national service. Each night a squad 
of men was detailed to each of the water plants and their tour of guard 
duty was carried out as near to that prescribed by the War Department 
as it was possible to do. 

Mayor Whitham, appreciating the work of these young men, called 
a meeting of the citizens of Dover, who subscribed enough money to 
equip the company with Krag rifles and woolen uniforms. The first 
appearance of the Dover Guard in their new uniforms and rifles was on 
the Fourth of July and received much applause and commendation for 
their splendid military behaviour. 

The Dover Guard was very prominent in all the Liberty Loan and 
Red Cross drives and there never was a detachment of Dover men to 
leave for Camp Dix, but what the Dover Guard was on hand to escort 
them to the depot. 

Scores of young men received their first military training in the 
Dover Guard, who upon their arrival at the training camps were imme- 
diately taken out of the rooky squads and made corporals and in some 
cases sergeants. 

Some time before Captain Baker was commissioned in the Regular 
Army his infantry company in the Guard was made into a Battery. 
Possession was gotten of a field piece belonging to the State and in 
custody of Ex-assemblyman J. J. Vreeland. 

Major Robertson remained in command of the Dover Guard until 
the formation of Company D, N. J. State Militia. All the officers 
entered the services of the State, except Captain Larsen, who remained 
with the few who did not or could not join the Militia. 

A reorganization of the Guard was effected and the work of pre- 
liminary training was again started and became so efficient that it was 
looked upon as a sort of training school for the State and Government 
forces. Captain Larsen was very ably assisted in the later work of the 
Dover Guard by First Lieutenant Floyd Hann and Second Lieutenant 
Lloyd Reeves, together with a splendid corps of noncommissioned offi- 
cers. When its ranks were depleted by enlistments to the militia and 
the army the Dover Guard was disbanded and its equipment turned over 
to the town officials. 



i88 



DOVER'S HOME DEFENSE LEAGUE 



When the strained relations between the United States and the 
Central Powers were gradually reaching the breaking point early in 
March, 191 7, a group of patriotic citizens met with the Mayor and 
Board of Aldermen to discuss the subject of a Home Defense League. 
Following several informal meetings it was decided to arrange a mass 
meeting for April 12, 1917, in the Northside School auditorium. More 
than five hundred citizens attended. Mayor Richard W. Whitham 
was elected president ; Robert Richards, vice-president ; George R. 
Flartey, secretary ; and Charles S. Clark, treasurer. 

On the date when war was declared between the United States 
and Germany, April 6, 191 7, nearly eight hundred persons crowded 
into Elite Hall, where stirring addresses were made, committees 
appointed and subscriptions totaling $4,622.43 offered toward a fund 
to properly arm and equip the members of the military companies to 
be formed for the defense of the town in case of emergency. The 
by-laws of the organization stated the subject as follows: "The object 
shall be the preservation of life and property of the citizens of the 
town, to assist the Mayor and Board of Aldermen in promoting peace 
and harmony, and for such other legitimate and patriotic purposes as 
may develop from time to time, excepting industrial disputes." 

Within three weeks following the Declaration of War, four com- 
panies of Home Guards were organized. Regular drills were held, 
uniforms procured, and rifles and ammunition provided. A military 
census was conducted by the league and assistance was rendered in 
the registration of men between the ages of twenty-one and thirty-one 
on June 5, 191 7. Alderman William T. Ayer assisted Mayor Whitham 
in the formation of the four military^ companies, which were designated 
as follows : 

Company A — Captain J. E. Brown ; Company B — Captain C. H. 
Benedict, Jr. ; Company C — Captain Sidney M. Gillen ; Company D — 
Captain George R. Flartey. The battalion commander was Adelbert 
P. McDavit, with the rank of major, and his adjutant was Captain 
Harry J. Hasselbauer. Later Captain Hasselbauer succeeded Major 
McDavit, who resigned. 

The funds subscribed by the townspeople were expended for uni- 
forms, rifles, ammunition, etc. The League rendered every assist- 
ance possible to the Second Selective Service Board of Morris County. 
The military units were in readiness at all times to respond to riot 
calls, conduct secret work for the town, state and nation, and to 
co-operate with the police department in every way possible. 

Enlistments in the army and navy, combined with the formation 
of a national guard company and the operations of the Selective Serv- 
ice law, depleted the ranks of the four companies until but one com- 
pany remained. This company was placed in command of Captain 
C. H. Benedict, Jr., and his appointment was confirmed by the mem- 
bers at an election held in Elite Flail. This company became affiliated 



1 89 

with the State mihtary forces early in 191 8 and its achievements are 
presented in detail by Captain Benedict elsewhere in this book. 

The record of Dover's citizens during the period of the World 
War, as revealed in their interest in the Home Defense League, was 
very commendable, and while a great amount of the work proved to 
be precautionary, the unanimous support of the townspeople was 
given. Dover's citizens responded in every way possible to the suc- 
cessful prosecution of the war, and the results were very gratifying 
to the state and national defense organizations. The record achieved 
is one which stands out in the history of Dover as an example of 
patriotism. The degree of success attained in every department of 
war work showed to the world that Dover was "doing its bit." It 
was a period when men put aside all pleasure and made sacrifices 
in their business and at home to stand ready to lend a hand in the 
defeat of autocracy. 

When the glad tidings were flashed across the seas that the war 
had ended, the tlome Defense League arranged a Peace Day Celebra- 
tion and while hundreds of our own Dover soldier boys, with the 
great army of four million Americans, turned their thoughts to home 
and family and friends, our townspeople enjoyed a celebration which 
will never be forgotten by those who participated. 

Tn closing it is the sincere wish of the writer that you. dear reader, 
will never forget those brave lads who gave their lives that we might 
live. Xor can you forget the disabled, who are the living monu- 
ments of the heroic deeds of America's part in the war. 

George R. Flartey, Secretary. 

THE DOVER HOME GUARDS 

Early in the summer of 1917 there were organized five companies 
of Home Guards, as follows: 

Company A — A. P. McDavit. Captain; Thomas Conlan, First 
Lieutenant ; D. W. Heiman, Second Lieutenant. 

Company B — C. H. Benedict, Jr.. Captain; O. S. Parker, First 
Lieutenant; Benj. Hosking, Second Lieutenant. 

Company C — John DeB. \'reeland, Captain. 

Company D — Jesse Bennett. Captain. 

Company E — Geo. R. Flartey. Captain. 

These companies were drilled in the streets at night, also in 
Moller Hall on Sussex street. Unifomis were secured by popular 
subscription. 

The several companies were organized into a battalion with Cap- 
tain McDavit as major. Lieutenant Conlan taking his place as Captain 
of Company A. Lieutenant H. J. Hasselbauer was appointed adjutant. 
Captain Conlan resigned his command and Captain Brown took his 
place. Captain Brown being sent out of town by the Government 
as a powder inspector. Captain Sebring was elected in his place. 

October 29th a meeting was held in the Municij^al Building and the 



190 

five companies were re-organized into two companies, A and C form- 
ing a new A company, Captain Sebring; Lieutenant D. W. Heiman; 
B, D and E forming a new B company, C. H. Benedict, Jr.. Captain ; 
H. J. Hasselbauer, First Lieutenant; O. S. Parker, Second Lieutenant. 

About this time the State offered recognition and help to those 
Home Defense Units which would recruit up to sixty-two men and 
take the oath of enlistment. At a meeting of Companies A and B held 
January 21, 1918, it was decided to fonn one company to be known 
as the Dover Home Guard, S. M. R. Captain C. H. Benedict. Jr., 
was elected Captain, H. J. Hasselbauer. First Lieutenant, and O. S. 
Parker, Second Lieutenant. A recruiting campaign was started and 
the necessary men (fifty-nine men and three officers) were enlisted 
and mustered in, June 6th, 19 18, by Lieutenant Ray Stringer of Com- 
pany D, S. M., as mustering officer. 

At this time, by request of Captain Benedict, a Lieutenant Scott 
of the 42nd Regiment, U. S. A., was detailed by Col. Daimler to assist 
in the formation and drilling of the company. This company was 
active in all Liberty Loan campaigns, Y. M. C. A. or Red Cross Drives, 
furnished an escort for all drafted men leaving for camp, took part 
in all parades, was reviewed by Gov. Edge at Branch Brook Park, 
September 15th, 1918, going to and from Newark by trolley. 

November 10, 19 18, was spent at the Navy Rifle Range at Cald- 
well, N. J., where a number of the men qualified as marksmen and 
sharpshooters. 

The company held a smoker in Elite Hall. March 17, 1919, which 
was greatly enjoyed by the members and on April 28th, 1919, a dance 
was given for members and their ladies. It was largely attended 
and everyone had a fine time. 

While this company never had any active duty to perform, it 
was held ready to mobilize at a few hours' notice, and in case of riot 
or other trouble it was ready to answer at once, the riot call to be 
given on the fire alarm. 

Privates Edward Lynn and Wallace Hall died while active mem- 
bers of this company and were given appropriate burial. 

After the Armistice was signed between the Allies and Germany 
and the country began to resume its way of peace, permission to muster 
out was requested from the Governor. It was granted and the com- 
pany was mustered out by its officers under orders from the Adjutant 
General's Office, dated August 28th, 19 19, and the officers who were 
commissioned by the Governor were given their honorable discharge. 

C. H. Benedict, Jr. 



191 

BATTERY D, 308 FIELD ARTILLERY 

In the World War of 1914 to 1918, Dover furnished one of the 
most important fi<,duing units in the United States Army, "Battery 
D, 308 Field Artillery."' Being composed of the first body of Selected 
Service Alen to leave this town, it always seemed fitting and proper 
that this should be called Dover's Battery. 

The War Department did not sanction the naming of these units 
after the towns from which they came ; but the men in the liattery, 
as well as the people in their home town, always felt that this particu- 
lar company represented Dover, as being the first body of men to go 
to War. 

On September 19th. 1917, ninety-seven of these men left the 
town for service in France. After a hard and strenuous training, 
covering a period of nine months, they were ready for the trip to 
Europe to engage in the deadly conflict. During the last few days 
in camp on this side seventy-nine of these men were transferred to 
other units of the Army, leaving only eighteen of the original men 
from Dover in the outfit, all of whom were Non-Commissioned Officers. 
In this depleted condition, it became necessary to fill the vacancies with 
other men from all over the United States ; but as the governing body 
were all Doverites, the same old feeling prevailed. 

On May 25th, 1918, they boarded the Transport in \ew York 
harbor and sailed away. Braving ithe deadly submarines and terrific 
ocean storms for twelve days and nights, they landed at Liverpool, 
England. After a short stay of three days in that country they were 
transported across the English Channel, then infested with submarines 
and the deadly mines which the Germans had succeeded in planting 
in the waters of this section. Tliey landed at the French seaport of 
La Havre. From here they were conveyed across the country to 
the ancient city of Vannes, on the Bay of Morbihan. 

At this place the Chinese coolies had erected barracks for the 
American forces. After a very intensive training in the arts and 
science of modern warfare, they proceeded to the front and took 
their places alongside the other American troops in the Toul Sector, 
directly in front of the heavily fortified city of Aletz, in Alsace Lorraine. 
This ancient city had been captured by the Germans in 1914 and the 
inhabitants had suffered untold hardships at the hands of their captors 
for this long period. 

Equip])ed with the famous French 75 cannons and a small supply 
of ammunition, the Dover boys fired their first shot into the German 
lines on the eighth day of August, 1918. It did not take the enemy 
long to answer them, as they knew some one had called on them and 
intended to stay awhile. From the first hour after their arrival on 
the front, the Germans kept up a continuous fire on the Dover Battery, 
trying to force them to retreat. But I am proud to say that they had 
not heard the meaning of this word. Fortune spared the men in this 
position, as none were killed or wounded here. No advance worth 



192 

mentioning took place at this particular point, until the morning of 
September 13th, when the greatest drive of the American Forces began. 

Starting at promptly one o'clock in the morning, all the guns on 
the x'Ymerican front let loose their rain of shot and shell. High 
explosive, deadly gas, shrapnel and murderous bombs were showered 
on the German lines for a period of six hours, for the purpose of 
wiping out the wire entanglements and concealed mines that the 
Germans had prepared for the trapping of our infantrymen, as they 
went over the top. At exactly seven o'clock the Artilleries stopped 
firing and the brave and dauntless heroes, the infantrymen, climbed 
out of their tenches and dashed into the enemies lines. The hand 
to hand encounters for life and death began. A few of the remaining 
Germans put up a stiff battle, but, owing to the tremendous number 
of Americans opposing them, were easily defeated. A large number 
were killed and wounded. At exactly eleven o'clock in the morning, 
just four hours after the infantry had gone over the top, a strip of 
enemy territory eighteen miles long and fifteen miles wide had been 
taken by the Yankees, together with eighteen thousand prisoners. To 
have stood along the road-sides and observed the long lines of German 
prisoners being marched to the prison camps in the rear, one thought 
was, that the war was over and that Germany was calling on France. 
This particular battle was known as the St. Mihiel. The French had 
held the enemy in this location for a period of four years, not having 
been able, in all that time to drive them back. 

On Sunday evening, September 15th, 1918, at ten o'clock, this 
Battery suffered its first heavy loss. By getting on a strange road in 
taking up an advanced position, they suddenly found themselves in 
No Man's Land, with their own infantry behind, and the Germans all 
around them. Hemmed in on either side by the enemy, and unable 
to turn back on account of the road being too narrow to turn the 
guns around, they were discovered by the German Batteries, who 
immediately began shelling them. In this predicament the men were 
subjected to a rain of shells and gas for the space of thirty minutes. 
While the Germans had no direct aim on them, on account of the 
darkness, nevertheless they were accurate enough with their fire to 
kill nine men and wound seven, also killing nineteen horses and wound- 
ing ten more. Orders were immediately given to unhitch the remain- 
ing horses and advance. Going ahead a few yards, the battery 
discovered an old stone quarry that afforded protection for the men 
and horses. Here they were safe until morning. When daylight 
came the enemy saw that these men were virtually held prisoners, 
only the Germans were afraid to take the chance of coming out of 
their trenches to capture them, as they would be immediately fired 
upon by the other artillery batteries in the rear. Sending out a few 
scouting parties, the officers of the battery discovered a few aban- 
doned dugouts, built by Gennans, and lately evacuated by them in the 
St. Mihiel drive. Making a run for these in full view of the enemy, 
they succeeded in getting the men and horses safely out of sight of 



193 

the German gunners, staying here for three days and two nights, 
during which time the only food they ate was a few hard tack and 
some canned beef that some of the men were fortunate enough to have 
carried with them. On the night of September the i8th, they were 
rescued by the 303rd Engineer Regiment connected with their Divi- 
sion. During the short stay in this confined position they suffered the 
loss of five more men. who were killed trying to bring water to the 
horses from the Moselle River, whose opposite bank was lined with 
the enemies' machine gunners. 

The following day an attack was made on the enemy, who were 
driven back far enough to enable the battery to obtain their guns and 
ammunition that had been abandoned several nights before in their 
haste. After rej^airing the damage done to these, and filling the places 
of the men who had been killed and wounded, they resumed firing on the 
■enemy. 

The next battle fought in this territory was the Suppe-Moselle, 
during which Battery D drove the enemy back three miles nearer 
Berlin in a single night. 

From this position in Alsace Lorraine they moved to the Argonne 
Forest, at that time thickly populated with the best German and Prus- 
sian forces. The losses in this particular drive were terriffic, as the 
enemy had stored up enough ammunition and guns to blow up the 
■earth. No one who was not there has any conception of the losses 
suflfered by the American forces and the gallant men who laid down 
their lives for the defeat of German Rule. In the first charge the 
ground was covered with dead American and French soldiers. But by 
the tenacity of the men, anxious for revenge, this vast woodland or 
jungle was cleaned out in the space of about twelve days' time. 

The next battle for the Dover men was at Chattel Cherey, a small 
ammunition center occupied by some captive French peasants and 
Gerinan ofticers. This town is situated along the southern border of 
Belgium. After three days more of hard fighting they advanced to 
within one kilometer of the ancient city of Grand Pre. This old his- 
torical town had not suffered a large amount of shell fire, as the French 
ofiicers wanted to spare it. This information reached the Germans, 
who massed their reserves and determined to hold it at any cost. 
In the course of fighting their way through the batteries of machine 
guns, secreted in concrete vaults and steel-clad dugouts, the 309th and 
310th Infantry Brigades suflfered the heaviest losses in the entire time 
the Americans were on the front. The writer of this article. Sergeant 
Stewart Kahler, being an eye witness to this terrible slaughter, reports 
that the street running through the center of this town was almost a 
river of human blood, and that the bodies of the Newark men were 
piled in rows as a niowing machine cuts the grain in furrows. Tlie 
Germans lost very few men. as they were concealed in these bullet- 
proof hiding places and fired on the advancing troops without stopping, 
imtil either killed or captured. Filling up the gaps with reserves, 
rushed to the aid of these two companies, the town was finally taken 
by the Americans. From this point the enemy kept up a steady retreat 



.194 

until on the 14th day of November, 1918, they were forced to surrender 
to the AlHes. 

The Dover Battery participated in five minor and two major 
battles while on the front, and were still fighting near the walled city 
of Stenay, at eleven o'clock on the morning of the day the Armistice 
was signed. 

The following men served as Officers and Non-Commissioned 
Officers in Battery D, 308th, Field Artillery — 78th, Lightning Division, 
New Jersey : . ; i 1 

2nd Lt. P. Powers Kinnaman Cpl. Thomas Loughlin 

1st Sgt. John Thomas (killed in Cpl. John Maher 

action) Cpl. Fred Anderson 

1st Sgt. Stanley A. Warner Cpl. A. Anderson 

Signal Sgt. Stewart Kahler Cpl. LeRoy Seals 

Sgt. Charles Rassler Cpl. Frank Shaw 

Sgt. Jack B. Schwer Cpl. John Rhoener 

Sgt. Harry Buchanan Cpl. Thomas Fancher. 
Sgt. Elwood Barton 

Sgt. Jacob Levin V/ritten by Stewart Kahler, 

Signal Sgt., Battery D, 208 F. A. 

Note: — When the United States of America decided, April 6, 1917, 
to enter the world struggles for freedom and human rights, Dover men 
fell into line and did their part to win the victory. When the victory 
was won the American Legion was formed. The purposes and aims of 
this organization, with other information relating to its Dover Post, are 
given below by George R. Flartey, historian of the Post. All honor 
to the men who answered the call to service ! 

HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN LEGION IN DOVER 

In the Spring of 1919 a group of World War veterans assembled 
in the municipal building to discuss the feasibility of organizing an asso- 
ciation whose aims and purposes would be to perpetuate the memories 
and incidents of the Great War and by mutual helpfulness assist each 
other in the adjustment of claims resulting from their service. More 
than a score of veterans attended the meeting, and it was voted to 
investigate the several national organizations in process of formation, 
such as the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, World War 
Veterans, etc. Following receipt of information from Colonel Theodore 
Roosevelt, Jr., and the State headquarters of the American Legion, it 
was decided to affiliate with the American Legion, owing to the fact 
that their ideals, as specified at the Paris conference and later at the St. 
Louis caucus, corresponded with the aims and purposes of the Dover 
veterans. These ideals are set forth in the following preamble to the 
Constitution of the Legion : 

"For God and country, we associate ourselves together for the fol- 
lowing purposes : To uphold and defend the Constitution of the United 
States of America; to maintain law and order; to foster and perpetuate 



195 

a one hundred per cent. Americanism ; to preserve the memories and 
incidents of our association in the great war; to inculcate a sense of 
obHgation to the community. State and nation ; to combat the autocracy 
of both the classes and the masses; to make right the master of might; 
to promote peace and good will on earth; to safeguard and transmit to 
posterity the principles of justice, freedom and democracy ; to consecrate 
and sanctify our comradeship by our devotion to mutual helpfulness." 

On July i6. 1919. more than 200 veterans assemliled in the Baker 
Theatre and approved the plan, making formal api)lication for a charter 
and electing temporary officers. The name Dover Post was selected, and 
the Post was designated Number 27 in the State Department, it being 
the first post formed in Morris County and the twenty-seventh in New 
Jersey. When the permanent charter was received in the fall of 1919 
the name of the Post was changed to William Hedges Baker Post, in 
honor of the heroic service of one of our number who gave his life on 
the field of battle while assisting wounded comrades. 

The following extracts are quoted from a memorial poem by Mrs. 
Eliza A. Stoddard, of Succasunna: 

IN MEMORIAM 

..THE BELOVED WILLIAM HEDGES BAKER 

***** 

His record in the home and school, 
As measured by the Golden Rule, 
Tells of devotion to the right, 
Trusting a God of love and might. 

It was a sacrifice so great, 

For its solution we must wait 

Until all mysteries are plain 

And peace and righteousness shall reign ; 

When golden sheaves from every field 

Their bounty and their richness yield ; 

When generations shall award 

To every life its own reward. 

To-day the deepest shadows fall ; 
They pierce the heart, they form a pall 
Upon familiar scenes around ; 
May consolations here abound ! 

***** 

And we must now repeat again, 

While agonizing is our pain, 

"We live in deeds, not years," for we 

Are living for eternity ; 

And while we suflFer, as we must, 

A grateful country guards her trust, 

And on the page of history, 



196 

Inwoven with each mystery. 
Shall be God's guiding providence, 
While ages read its evidence 
And angels bow in reverence. 

Pardon the heart's dictation here ; 
We weep with you. and every tear 
\ ]\Iust tell its own true sympathy, 

While Christ Himself will come to thee 
With hopes of immortality. 

Private William Hedges Baker, who was killed in action July 20, 
1918, was born at Wharton, N. J., December 20, 1895. He was attached 
to the 26th Infantry, First Division. He was killed instantly while 
assisting in carrying the injured from the field of battle at Ploisy, in 
the Soisson sector. The body arrived in Dover on May 10, 1921, and 
burial was made in Archard Street Cemetery, in the Baker burial plot, 
May 12, 1 92 1. The American Legion Post named in his honor attended 
the funeral in a body, and on Memorial Day, May 30, 1921, a platoon of 
United States IMarines discharged three volleys over his grave as a 
final tribute to his memory, and taps were sounded. Private Baker 
enlisted at Fort Oglethrope, May 3, 1918. He arrived in France. June 
19, 1918, and was killed on the battlefield July 20, 1918. Ten weeks in 
the service of his country resulted in the supreme sacrifice. He was 
a graduate of Dover High School, and was in his third year at Rennse- 
laer Institute, Troy, N. Y., when he left to enter the service. 

The men who gave their lives in the service and whose names and 
military records are carefully preserved by the American Legion are as 
follows : Harry B. Anderson, Herbert Atkins, William H. Baker, 
Warenzello J. Bickert, John R. Booth, Charles C. Buck. Thomas A. 
Cannon, John Castimore, Bertram Chamberlain, Samuel Chirella, Ber- 
tram F. Cox, James A. Donaldson, Frank Feeley, William H. Flatt, 
Ernest J. Hamer, Michael J. Hartford, James C. Hennessey. Henry F. 
Meeker, William J. Hocking, Stephen Huested, Michael Kedzus, Wil- 
liam W. Lewis, Vincent IManning, George E. McKenna, Alward W. 
Meeker, N. Leslie Mulligan. Richard S. Parke, LeRoy Quail. John 
Reilly, Frank Reynolds, Edgar B. Rogers. Herbert Smith, Harry Stark, 
George T. Swackhammer, Anthony Sylvester, John Thomas. 

The first year witnessed a continuous growth in the Post, resulting 
in more than 300 active members. The activities included social events, 
assistance to less fortunate comrades, furthering the interests of vete- 
rans through concerted action for the passage of beneficial legislation, 
and the formation of a Woman's Auxiliary. The Auxiliary was formed 
by Mrs. Frank F. Apgar. and has become one of the most active woman's 
organizations in this vicinity. Athletic activities and interest in com- 
munity aflfairs were also features of the Legion program. Throu'ih the 
courtesy of the Mayor and Board of Aldermen the Post was permitted 



197 

the use of the aldermanic chamber in the municipal buiUHnj,' for all 
meetinc^s. 

In 1 92 1 the employment situation added a new problem to the 
officers of the Post, and in addition to the usual activities, efforts were 
directed toward the solution of the veteran's dilemma whose war service 
had placed him at the l)ottom of the employment list, due to an unfor-. 
tunate condition in all industries. The men who entered the service 
were in many cases returned to their former jobs, but they had Ijeen 
unable to keep abreast of the progress of the industries, and when various 
plants were compelled to reduce the working; force the veterans were 
frequently the first to be released. Many men were assisted by the Legion 
in procuring employment. 

During the three years of the Legion's existence in Dover it has 
consistently favored adjusted compensation, firmly believing that all men 
who served in the World War should receive at least one-half of the 
wages paid to an ordinary laborer. The five-fold adjusted compensatiori 
plan now before Congress has been repeatedly approved by veterans irk 
this vicinity. 

The Post has become one of Dover's leading organizations, and on. 
May 27, 192 1, formally dedicated their newly furnished headcjuarters on 
the third and fourth floors at 30 West Blackwell street. The rooms are 
equipped with amusement features which have proven to be a source 
of recreation for practically all of the members. 

The membership includes more than a score of disabled men who 
are receiving compensation from the Government as a result of their 
injuries. The majority of these men served in the 29th and 78th Divi- 
sions. Meritorious deeds of valor on the field of action have been fre- 
quently described in the sketches and history of these divisions, but the 
members of William Hedges Baker Post who bear the scars of battle 
seldom refer to their achievements. Two members of the Post are still 
in hospitals, recovering from recent operations. They are permanently 
disabled, and all Legion men maintain an active interest in their welfare. 
The war will never be over for those who suffered, and the Legion has 
assumed the role of guardians, realizing that the general sentiment of the 
pul)lic is to leave the problem entirely in the hands of the Government 
agencies. 

The American Legion is non-partisan. non-ix)litical and non-sec- 
tarian. Legion posts do not endorse candidates or permit officers of 
their organizations to enter political fields. There is no distinction of 
rank nor discrimination between overseas and American service. All 
veterans who served honorably l>etween April 6, 191 7, and November 
II. 191 8. are eligible to membership. 

The Post not only assists the disabled, but handles claims for travel 
pay, back pay, bonus, undelivered discharges, emi)loyment. unpaid allot- 
ments to dependents. Liberty Bonds, clothing and equipment, voca- 
tional training, French memorial certificates. Victory medals, civil rights, 
admission to the United States Soldiers' Home, medical and hospital 



care, and gives veterans complete information regarding beneficial legis- 
lation. 

Nominal dues are charged to finance the Post, and a per capita tax 
of $1 is paid to national headquarters. This amount includes a subscrip- 
tion to the "American Legion Weekly," which is a very popular vete- 
rans' magazine. 

The American Legion has taken over the work of the Grand Army 
of the Republic in remembering the departed heroes on Memorial Day 
■each year. There are eighteen heroes buried in local cemeteries who met 
•death while in the service. Eighteen others are buried in France, and 
sone in England. The Legion intends to perpetuate the record of these 
noble men who gave their lives in defense of the principls on which our 
'Government is founded. 

Since July, 1919, nine posts of the Legion have been formed in 
Morris County, Dover having the distinction of being the first formed in 
the county. The American Legion has come to stay, and its growth to 
1,000,000 members has been phenomenal. Within a few years another 
million members will, without a doubt, be on the rosters of the 10,000 
posts throughout the country. 

The William Hedges Baker Post has planned numerous events for 
the coming year, and it is anticipated that the membership will be doubled 
by January i, 1923. 

Since the organization was formed the following members have 
served as the principal officers : Commanders — Dr. A. L. L. Baker, 
1919-20; George R. Flartey, 1921 ; Frank F. Apgar, 1922. Vice-com- 
manders — Roy E. Lynd, 1920; Charles S. Cooper, 1920; Dr. J. W. 
Farrow, 1920; Frank F. Apgar, 1921 ; Lipman Harris, 192 1 ; Robert 
Hoch, 1921 ; Charles A. Gillen, 1922; Benj. H. Hosking, 1922. Adju- 
tants — George R. Flartey, 1919; Benj. H. Hosking, 1920; Chas. A. 
Gillen, 1921 ; Stewart Kahler, 1922. Finance officers — Earl C. Nelson, 
1920; Henry C. Rieger, 192 1 ; Edgar J. Maloney, 1922. Present Board 
of Trustees — Dr. J. W. Farrow, Henry C. Rieger, Roy E. Lynd, George 
R. Flartey, Eugene E. Cooper. 

All of these men, along with scores of others, have been active in 
promoting the interests of the American Legion. The charter list con- 
jtains the names of 250 veterans. 



PART VI 
Industrial Plants 



201 

SILK MILLS OF DOVER 
By Fred W. Batten 

In the early part of i88i the Singleton Silk Manufacturing Com- 
pany put up a building on a plot of land acquired from John W. 
Hurd, being part of the lot known as Coon I'^orge Tract, and started 
what is termed a Throwing Plant. A few years later the S. S. Mfg. 
Co. began the operation of a dyeing business. This latter was discon- 
tinued about 1912. The Throwing business was continued without 
break until February, 1022. 

In the latter part of 1899 the Singleton Silk Manufacturing Com- 
pany started operating in the frame mill at Wharton formerly operated 
by Ross & Baker and continued so until 1907, when they moved 
machinery to Luxemburg mill, operating there until 1917. 

Meanwhile, in the latter part of 1881, C. C. Hopper rented the 
upper floor of the Singleton factory in Dover, later changing the name 
of his business to "Dover Silk Company," continuing so until about 
May, 1884. /when E. J. Ross entered the firm and business was con- 
tinued as Hopper & Ross until about October, 1885, when George 
B. Baker formed a partnership with Mr. Ross and the business was 
conducted under the firm name of Ross & Baker until December, 1888. 
Then they moved to Wharton, at that time known as Port Oram, 
to a frame mill below the Pine Grove, opposite the present Central R. R. 
depot. Later they acquired a large part of Luxemburg and built large 
mills near the Washington Pond, occupying part of it with machinery 
moved from the Wharton frame mill, operating same until 1917, 
when it was purchased by the Wharton Textile Company. 

The Ross affiliations were Broad Silk Weavers and Dyers. 

THE SWISS KNITTING COMPANY 

In 1890 Emil G. Kattermann came to Dover to join his older 
brother, then in the employ of I>aker and Ross in their silk mill at 
Wharton. In 1891, with one hand-knitting machine, he started in busi- 
ness for himself in Paterson under the name of Swiss Knitting Com- 
pany, making Ladies' Silk Swiss ri1)bed underwear. 

The Swiss ribbed knitted goods had not been made in this country 
successfully until the McKinley tarifif went into effect. 

After five years in Paterson, Mr. Kattermann. having by this 
time acquired twenty machines, brought them with him to Dover and 
built, in 1896, the first or middle part of his factory, on land given by 
Andrew Roderer. The Dover Board of Trade gave $350 to pay 
his moving expenses in bringing this industry to Dover. 

In 1899 his brother, Paul F. Kattermann, entered into partnership 
with him and the east wing was added to the factory, with more 
machines, introducing the American circular goods. The original 
Swiss goods were knitted flat with selvedge and sewed together. In 
1910 the brick addition was built. By this time seventy machines were 
operated. 



^02 

Cotton and woolen yams, and silk thread, also wool and silk 
mixed were used in knitting under garments for women and infants 
;and athletic shirts for men. This underwear is sold throughout the 
United States. 

The partner brother died in 1920. January i, 1921, the firm 
-was incorporated with Emil G. Kattermann as president ; his son, Her- 
man A. Kattermann, as vice-president and manager of the Hacketts- 
town branch (opened in 1919) ; another son Emil D. Kattermann, as 
treasurer and manager of the Dover branch; and a brother-in-law, 
Roland Sievers, as secretary. 

The ingenious and costly machines with which the Dover factory is 
.equipped are a development of that old-fashioned instrument of feminine 
handiwork, the knitting needle, once plied so industriously in the old 
country and by our early American colonists — not to mention the recent 
exploits reported by tj?e women of the American Red Cross. In the 
streets of Europe women used to knit while walking about or tending 
tnarket, and there are rur^iors that some would take their knitting to bed 
with them and turn oujt a pair of stockings in the middle of the night. 
A famous legend of Morfis County in the Revolution represents Rhoda 
Farrand knitting as she drove through snow drifts with an ox-team in 
the depth of winter, urging by her example the industrious preparation 
of warm socks for the feet of the suffering patriot troops. But with 
inodern machinery the art of knitting has taken on new developments, 
speed and productivity. The Swiss Knitting Company of Dover 
employs, in normal times, one hundred men and women, and with its 
full equipment of 'high-grade machinery, has a capacity for large pro- 
duction when the demand of the market warrants it. 

THE BROTHERHOOD OVERALLS 

The Brotherhood Overalls was established by H. S. Peters in 
Brooklyn, N. Y., in the year 1890. In 1894 the business came to 
Dover, N. J., finding its advantage in so doing because of facilities 
for transportation, opportunities to acquire a building site, and a 
desirable class of labor. Mrs. McDavit gave the land for the new 
factory along the canal, and seven men of Dover advanced the money 
for building, to be paid back i,ia five years. In that time Mr. Peters 
acquired the property. 

The Brotherhood overajls arc made of very stout denim manu- 
factured in the mills of Massachusetts and New Hampshire. They 
are fitted with metal buttons made at Waterbury, Connecticut, An 
lextra strong cotton thread is used, made in Massachusetts. Four 
garments are made : .a pant -overall, two designs of apron overalls, 
and a coat. About 15,000 dozen tiave been made in a year. They are 
sent all over the United States, from West Virginia to Oregon. Sales 
ito individuals have been made :in all civilized countries, from Cuba to 
South Africa. A branch factory was established in Canada, 1910. 

During the late war government contracts were received to make 
.overalls for the use of om soldiers i^ camp abroad. 



203 

After carrying on the work for thirty-two years, Mr. Peters has 
•sold his business to the Oshkosh Overall Company of Oshkosh, Wis- 
<:onsin, including the Welland factory in Canada. 

F. A. Brown is manager of the Dover plant and C. E. Sunnan of 
tthe Welland branch. 

The Dover factory employs from thirty-five to seventy-five opera- 
tives, according to the state of trade. The cloth used is a mill-shrunk, 
no-fade denim specially made for this firm. 

Mr. Peters, now retired from business, was at one time mayor 
^of Dover. 

Operations were suspended July i, 1922. 

The report is that the firm may remove from Dover or sell the 
-.property. (July. 13.) 

PAUL GUENTHER, INC. 

On the eastern outskirts of Dover, north of the canal, the largest 
'buildings that loom up to view for an observer from Moller's Rock 
:are those forming the plant of Paul Guenther, Inc., commonly called 
Guenther's Hosiery Factory. 

In 1897 or about twenty-five years ago this industry made its start 
in Dover. Paul Guenther came to the town, rented some space in the 
Swiss Knitting Mill and started making* Full Fashioned Silk Hosiery. 
Mr. Guenther was the owner, manager and practically all-round man. 
^With only a few employees, the production was naturally small ; but 
the business prospered and in 1902 a parcel of land on King street 
was procured and a small two-story frame structure erected, to which 
the business was transferred. 

Two separate additions of frame construction were added to 
the original building as the business grew, and in a few years a three- 
-story brick building followed, with a three-story brick front addition 
to the original frame building. The plant now occupied two buildings 
facing on King street and reaching through to Berry street in the rear. 

In 1909 it was found necessary to provide more room and a four- 
story brick building, known as mill No. 3, was constructed, the plant 
now occupying one city block. In 191 2 this was followed by another 
large four-story brick building, built on the opposite side of King 
street, which is known as mill No. 4. The latest additions are those 
erected in 192 1, and are known as mill No. 5 and the bridge build- 
ing, which are of reinforced concrete, and four stories high. The 
"bridge building over King street is a very fine structure, connecting 
the buildings on each side of the street and adding much to the general 
architectural appearance of .the plant, which now occupies practically 
two city blocks. 

From its small beginning, a plant now exists which is known 
•over practically all the civilized world. 

The policy of the management has always been to make the best 
-silk hosiery that could lie made, and to this end only the finest grades 



204 

of materials are used. The machines are of intricate structure with* 
the latest improvements, mostly imported, but a few coming from this- 
country. 

The employees, numbering around nine hundred, are of an unusu- 
ally high grade of intelligence, skill and character, and are drawn not 
only from Dover, but from the surrounding towns within a radius of 
twelve or fifteen miles. They are a very happy and contented lot of 
employees and receive annually over a million and a quarter dollars, 
in wages. A Turn Hall is maintained for the benefit of the employees, 
which is well equipped for bowling, billiards, gymnastic exercises and 
dancing. 

This plant has never shut down or run on short time during its- 
history on account of business depressions, and has thus been a very 
strong economic factor in the life of the town and vicinity. 

Early in the histor}' of the plant, Mr. Guenther foresaw the need 
of proper housing for his employees and, as opportunity offered, 
secured tracts of land adjoining each other, where dwellings could 
be erected. On these a large number of houses have been erected, 
which are rented to employees at a very reasonable rate. He alsa- 
encourages and assists them in building homes of their own. 

On portions of these tracts not yet occupied by buildings, local 
athletic clubs and the Dover High School have long enjoyed the 
privilege of playing baseball and football. Here open air concerts 
and fireworks exhibitions have been given, and thus a real need of 
the community has been met by the courtesy of one public spirited, 
man. 

THE SUSSEX OVERALL FACTORY 

At 196 East Black well street, Dover, stands a two-story brick 
building that was occupied in 1914 by J. J. Friedman and Company,, 
makers of outer garments for women. The Friedman Company 
removed to Newark and the building served during the war as barracks 
for a military company that was stationed here. 

In 1918 Arling M. MacFall purchased the building and estab- 
lished there the Sussex Overall Factory, employing now about sixty 
persons — fifty-five women and five men. The upper floor is fitted 
up with sewing machines — mostly "Singers." Single, double, or even 
quadruple stitching can be done, buttons sewed on and button holes: 
hemmed by machines which are run by electric power and operated 
by persons skilled in such work. 

The entire working force of this factory is occupied, at present, 
in the manufacture of Girl Scout Uniforms, including a long coat, 
a short coat, skirt and blouse, besides girls' and women's knicker- 
bockers of khaki, corduroy, and wool Tweeds, furnishing outfits suit- 
able for camping, golf or hiking, and indoor athletic wear. As the 
output of the factory includes garments for all seasons, steady work 
through the year is found for the employees in wholesale production. 



205 

Despite the prevalent depression in business this factory has been 
kept busy. It is interesting to note that this industry is based upon an 
idea that has sprung up of recent years — the athletic development of 
girls and women in outdoor and indoor forms of physical culture. 

The suits produced in this humming hive of sewing machines 
.are manufactured from the best of cotton cloth from Xew England 
and Southern mills, using buttons made in Hoboken or Connecticut, 
and thread made from Sea Island yam obtained from Rhode Island 
and Massachusetts mills. Woolen cloth from New England mills is 
iised for some garments. 

In all parts of our Eastern States where Girl Scouts are organized 
you will find the girls fitted out with uniforms made in Dover at 
the Sussex Overall Factory. 

COOK'S LAUNDRY, INCORPORATED 

In 1893 Charles S. Clark and Edward Totten started a laundry 
on Sussex street, where the Gas Company is now located. John K. 
Cook bought the business in 1894 and later removed to Black well 
street, west of the Presbyterian Church, where he carried on the 
business for ten year. In 1908 he secured a site on McFarlan street, 
adjacent to Peters' Overall Factory, on the canal. Here he built his 
own plant, which, with subsequent additions and machinery, represents 
an investment of $40,000. 

Many ingenious machines have been invented for use in laundry 
work. The outfit in this plant has been purchased in Xew York City, 
Troy. Chicago, Irvington, N. J. Some of the machines are made in 
Cincinnati and Rochester. There are rotary washers and driers, 
steam rollers for ironing, special devices for shirts, and collars, some 
driven by steam and some by electricity. Soft coal is used in generat- 
ing steam on the premises, the steam yielding both power and heat. 

Employment is given to forty or more men and women, who find 
•steady work through the year. The payroll averages $750 a week. 

This laundry has its own driven well, sunk through 102 feet of 
^and to a gravel bed from which the water comes up clear, cool, and 
palatable. This water, hard by nature, is rendered perfectly soft by 
filtration and chemical treatment in a large tank from which it is drawn 
for use in the washing machines. This well, with six-inch pipe, was 
built at a cost of $1,100. 

Great care is taken with all parts of the laundry work. The 
processes are sanitary and are regulated by the State Department of 
Labor, which makes inspections twice a year. Every effort is made 
to save and preserve the linen. 

The various kinds of work done here are known as bundle work 
(wearing apparel for men and women), family work, hotel work, 
and damp wash. An exact system of marking, sorting, and accounting 
is employed. 

Materials used are — soaji, bougb.t in ten barrel lots from the 
Swift Beef Company, and from Proctor and Gamble. Washing soda 



2o6 

from Wyandotte, Michigan. Starch, made by the Huron Milling- 
Company. Blueing, bought in New York City. Craft paper for wrap- 
ping bundles is bought by the ton in Newark and Baltimore, Virginia 
and Pennsylvania. Twine is brought from Atlanta, Georgia. AIL 
refuse paper is compressed into bales and sold to junk dealers. 

The laundries of the United States have organized a Laundry- 
man's National Association which meets in yearly conventions. A 
monthly magazine is published, called The Laundry Age. A literature 
of the laundry is giving expression to the business ideas and aspira- 
tions of those engaged in this highly developed industry, now far 
removed from the riverside and seaside family lustrations of classic- 
antiquity, as described by Homer. We have read that it was once the- 
time-honored custom in some parts of Europe to have a family wash 
once a year, every well-to-do family being supplied with enough 
changes of linen to keep things going in the interval. But modern- 
life demands other accommodations. The up-to-date laundry com- 
pany aspires to relieve the housewife of her entire weekly wash. 
Scientific experiments are made by experts, seeking to improve every 
process and every substance used in the work. 

The Cook Laundry, Incorporated, consists of John K. Cook, presi- 
dent ; Joseph D. Cook, vice-president ; John W. Cook, treasurer ; Harry 
C. Cook, secretary ; and Clyde W. Cook — being a happy partnership 
of father and sons. 

This long-established firm serves a public that extends from 
Dover to Lake Hopatcong. Budd Lake. Netcong, Wharton, Kenvil, 
Succasunna, Newton, Rockaway, Denville, Mt. Tabor,, Mountain- 
Lakes, Boonton, Montville, Towaco. 



TO THE WOMAN AT THE TUB 

The postman rings, he brings the mail ; 

Aha ! what have we here ? 
A pictured circular that shows 

Milleniums drawing near. 
"How Lighten Woman's Burden" is 

The message of the seer 
Who penned this book : he stirs new hope 

And beams with solid cheer. 



Too long has Woman bent her back 

And wrestled o'er the tub 
To do the weekly washing — all 

By hand : ay, there's the rub ! 
All garments, table cloths and sheets. 

The everlasting scrub ! 
She sends them to the Laundry now — 

And joins the Woman's Club! 



207 

V BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE 
By James O. Cooper, Farmer 

"The groves were God's first temples. Ere man learned 

To hew the shaft and lay the architrave. 

And spread the roof above them — ere he framed 

The lofty vault, to gather and roll back 

The sound of anthems; in the darkling wood, 

Amid the cool and silence, he knelt down. 

And offered to the Mightiest solemn thanks 

And supplication." 

But I must not quote further from this beautiful song of Bryant, 
,s I have been asked to write but briefly of the progress of agriculture 
luing the past two hundred years. 

Previous to two centuries ago, could we have climbed to the summit 
if Reservoir Hill, and viewed the surrounding landscape from that 
minence, we should have seen no life but vegetable life — the first groves, 
he plant life such as is growing now ; no motion but the gentle flowing 
»f the Rockaway River. 

Had we followed any one of the several trails leading in various 
lirections, we should have found forest groves, and then more forests, 
vith here and there a small clearing, where perhaps an Indian had grown 
lis corn ; and an occasional white man's rude log cabin, with a few acres 
:leared, where he grew some Indian corn, rye, and a few vegetables iof 
he use of his family. 

In those long-ago days, each farmer was obliged to provide prac- 
ically all the necessaries for his own household. He was obliged to 
:eep a few cows, as milk and butter were imperatively needed. Then 
eather was necessary for shoes and harness, and beef and veal for food- 

A few sheep were kept, because wool was necessary for the making 
)f clothing and blankets, the wool being washed, carded, spun and woven 
)y the housewife. Then the flesh of the sheep and lambs was needed 
:or food. A few chickens were kept on every farm, of no particular 
)reed, but just chickens, as the eggs and flesh were needed for food, 
md the feathers for pillows and beds. Hens, in those days, laid prob- 
ibly four to five dozen eggs each, during the spring and summer, and 
is no shelter and but little feed was provided for them in winter, no 
;ggs were produced. The housewife "laid eggs down" in salt for winter 
ise and they kept very well. 

Practically every farmer kept a yoke of oxen to do the hauling and 
general farm work, and as there were no towns to go to, and no movies 
:o visit nightly, they answered all purposes very well. 

No pure bred stock was known in this country at that time. 

During the century succeeding, towns sprang up here and there, 
industries were located, and as those who worked in the mills, mines and 
factories had to be fed and clothed, farmers were induced to produce 
more than their respective families consumed. Accordingly, whenever 



2o8 

the farmer had a surplus of produce, he, with his neighbors, perchance, 
would make up a load of produce, such as rye, flour, corn meal, salt or 
fresh pork, potatoes, a veal or a dressed lamb, and with a team of oxen 
as motive power, visit villages and towns, often going as far as Port 
Newark, where they would dispose of their produce and return with 
such supplies as they needed. 

The Indian was the first scientific agriculturist in this country. He 
learned that where the forest trees were burned or where he had his 
campfire, corn would grow better than elsewhere. The potash and car- 
bonate of lime which the ashes supplied being necessary for corn devel- 
opment. He also learned that by burying a fish by a hill of corn he 
would get still better corn, the decaying fish furnishing both ammonia 
and phosphoric acid, which the corn also needed to make perfect develop- 
ment. 

For a century the white man used no more science in his agricul- 
tural operations than the Indian had practiced. So we close the eigh- 
teenth century. 

The nineteenth century brought its changes. The Revolutionary 
War had been fought and won ; villages had grown to towns ; towns to 
cities ; a larger and freer exchange of commodities was engaged in ; our 
ships were on every sea ; our products were transported to other nations ; 
and foreign products were brought to this country in large volume. An 
awakening began to take place. Farmers began to be dissatisfied with 
the very meagre returns from the soil. They began to study the soil and 
its needs. All the fertilizer made on the farm was conserved and 
returned to the soil by the better farmers. Experimentation in crop rota- 
tion was instituted and farming began to progress. 

Up to the middle of the ninetenth century there was no specializa- 
tion in any department of agriculture, as we know it to-day. Practically 
every farmer produced some grains, some live stock, some fruit and 
some vegetables ; but during the following fifty years vast strides were 
made in every department of agriculture. Breeding of pure bred stock 
became a science. The finest specimens of cattle, horses, sheep, poultry, 
and swine that the world had ever known were produced. Horses were 
developed that could trot a mile in three minutes. Wonderful ! we 
thought. Then a cow was produced that gave 15,000 pounds of milk in 
a year, and swine breeding found its advocates. Much more thought and 
study, and money and scientific research have been expended in breed- 
ing better swine than has ever been expended in breeding that other 
family of animals known as "Genus Homo." 

As the nineteenth centviry dawned, agricultural progress in every 
branch advanced at an unprecedented pace and all progress was sys- 
tematized. Guesswork was abolished. Actual records were kept of 
every forward step. We called science to our aid — the chemist, bac- 
teriologist, the plant pathologist, the agronomist, the entomologist; we 
have sat at their feet and learned. 

We were told a few years ago that barley could not be grown in 
this locality. We asked the scientist why. He could not tell. So I 



209 

went to work, determined to grow barley on my farm here. I have 
grown fifty-six bushels per acre here, as fine as ever grew anywhere, 
and scores of farmers are now growing very profitable crops of barley 
where none was grown ten years ago. 

We were told that spring wheat could not be grown here. Why? 
No satisfactory answer. So I have grown thirty-six bushels per acre of 
splendid spring wheat here on my farm, that sold at premium of fifteen 
cents per bushel. We were told that sweet potatoes and peanuts, sugar 
cane and cotton could not be grown here ; so we grow them every year. 

World's records are now being broken almost daily in every branch 
of agricultural endeavor. Not being satisfied with the horse that could 
trot a mile in three minutes, the horse has been bred that does his mile 
in less than two minutes. Not satisfied with the cow that gave 15,000 
pounds of milk in a year, the cow has been produced that gives 40,000 
pounds of milk a year. Not satisfied with the cow that gave a pound of 
butter per day, one has been produced that gave four pounds of butter 
per day. Not satisfied with the hen that laid sixty eggs per year, the 
hen has been bred that laid 316 eggs in a year. Not satisfied with a hog 
that weighed 600 pounds, one was produced that weighed 1,800 pounds. 
Not satisfied with a steer that weighed 1,200 pounds, one was produced 
that weighed two tons. 

Similar progress has been made in growing fruits and vegetables. 
Specialization has brought perfection in these branches of agricultural 
endeavor. Perfect specimens of apples, peaches, pears, plums, berries, 
grapes may be found growing on our farms annually, and, with the 
exception of grapes, no better flavored fruits grow in this world. To 
grow them requires e.vtreme vigilance and untiring effort. When we 
see the leaves curling on our cherry trees we know we must spray at once 
with "Black Leaf 40." If we had brown rot on our peaches last year 
we work to prevent it this year by spraying with self boiled lime-sulphur. 
If we had \vormy apples last year we prevent it this year by spraying 
with arsenate. 

If grubs are boring in our peach tree trunks we hasten to applv 
Paradichlor-benezene. Having the remedy at hand and applying 
promptly counts. 

Some years ago, being troubled with potato beetles, I succeeded 
in breeding another beetle, a parasite, that is very fond of the potato 
beetle. This little parasite, not as large as a potato bug, will kill 
thousands of potato bugs in a season. He kills and eats what he 
needs and then kills more potato bugs just for the fun of killing them. 
[ have no more trouble with potato bugs. 

With the importation of the best grains, fruits, vegetables, and 
Dlants from foreign countries by our national government, annually, 
:here have been many insect pests, fungus diseases, etc., introduced 
A'ith them ; so that with every valuable introduction there is liable to 
:ome, and in fact have come, some of our most unconquerable plant 
memies and fungus diseases, which demand of the fanner greater 
kdgilance and more work every year. 



210 

But with all this, from time to time, there is discovered some new 
method by which the farmer is saved labor, while at the same time 
his profit may be increased. 

On the modern dairy farm) with the milking-machine, the farmer 
may milk three cows at a time. Each cow's product is immediately 
weighed and a record made. At the end of the year this record shows 
just what each cow in the dairy has given in milk, and frequent tests 
show just what the butter fat content is. 

The modern poultryman set his alarm clock for four o'clock. 
By an electrically wired connection the electric lights in his hen house 
are turned on, his hens jump down from the roost, get busy eating and 
drinking the food provided for them the night before, and by daylight 
the owner may pick up some brand new eggs, which may be delivered 
by aeroplane to his city brother in New York for his eight o'clock 
breakfast. 

The farmer of old was delighted if he found a few wild straw- 
berries in the old pasture in June ; the modern farmer is not satis- 
fied unless he has strawberries in September and October, as well as 
in June. 

With all the wonderful advance we have made in agricultural 
science and method, with all the improved facilities and inventions, 
with all the new and better varieties of fruit, vegetables, grains and 
livestock, with all the improved machinery, means of travel, and modem 
means of entertainment, with all our churches and ministers and means 
of worship, the fanner of old, who worshipped in "God's first temples,"' 
the groves, was a better citizen, a better Christian than the average man 
of to-day. He was more law-abiding ; he was more honest ; he lived 
more closely to the Golden Rule and the Ten Commandments ; he 
honored the Sabbath day. 

It was only a few years ago that I saw the first man working 
a-field on Sunday. I thought him a heathen. I still think I was not 
far wrong. The most unsatisfactory condition that exists in our land 
to-day. from the farmer's standpoint, is the amount of lawlessness 
prevailing everywhere, and the ever-increasing number of extrava- 
gantly paid officials, whose duty it is not only to obey the law, but 
to enforce the law ; yet, who do neither ; and whose sole purpose in 
life seems to be to draw their salaries, do but very little or no 
work, and keep out of jail. The burdens thus imposed are fast 
becoming unbearable. 

If our personal rights, our property rights, and our constitutional 
rights were safeguarded by the judiciary of our state, we could the 
better bear the burden. A noted writer and traveler has said that a 
man's life and property are safer among the half-civilized tribes of 
Central America than in New Jersey. This condition would seem 
to indicate that the civilized people of our fair land should get together 
and demand that all public officialsTionestly do their job and earn their 
salaries, or other men, regardless of party, would be elected or 
appointed. 



2il 

The farmer of to-day is willing, yes. more than willing, to do 
his part toward making this a law-abiding, God-fearing, Sabbath 
honoring land, and with it would come a greater prosperity, a greater 
contentment, and happier lives for all. 

Agriculture is the basic industry of the world ; and if the farmer's 
business is unprosperous, or if too heavy burdens are placed upon 
him without his receiving proportionate benefit then the younger gener- 
ation deserts the farm and production diminishes. The farmer is doing 
his part toward making the world a better place to live in. Even with 
our most earnest endeavor and very closest attention to our work we 
still sometimes fail. 

For us Agriculturists it is 

"To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield," : ,! 

as is so beautifully expressed in Tennyson's "Ulysses." 



ILLUMINATION 

Time was when a Candle factory on Penn avenue undertook to 
supj)ly Dover with the means of household illumination. Previous 
to this the folks made their own tallow dips as a regular part of their 
household economy and hung the product on the "candle tree." 

A visit to the power plant at the base of that tall yellow chimney 
which towers up on the north of Dover reveals the miraculous change 
that Science has brought about in this department. Situated on the 
Rockaway River, across the stream from the slag dump of the Wharton 
Furnace, the new electric plant has the advantage of a water supply 
from the river and railroad connection from either railroad to bring 
in coal, of which it consumes about eight tons a week. Powerful fur- 
naces with forced draft underi control and huge boilers together with 
intricate modern electric machinery' here collect the invisible current 
that is transmitted from this distributing center to furnish light and 
power for domestic and manufacturing uses, as told in the report of 
the Company. 

Augustus K. Shuman, engineer, the oldest employee of the com- 
pany, tells how the Dover Electric Light Company began business 
January 3rd, 1889, in a little shop on Union street, just south of the 
bridge. Among the stockholders were David Young, Alex Kanouse. and 
Isaac Searing. They employed half a dozen men and used a push- 
cart to carry the wire for their lines. Later the plant was located 
on Essex street, where Birch and Bassett now have their coal office. 

Everett Thompson bought the plant and sold it later to the Eastern 
Pennsylvania Power Company. 

With this brief introduction let the Company tell how Dover is 
now becoming a center of light and power for a population of 85,000. 

The Gas Company also has something to say about illumination. 



212 

THE NEW JERSEY GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY 

The New Jersey Gas & Electric Company is a company organ- 
ized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey. It was 
organized in 1916 and was the successor to the business of the Dover, 
Rockaway & Port Oram Gas Company, which was founded in 1900 
or 1901 by Mr. Addison Ely of Rutherford. 

This company supplies gas to the Town of Dover and the 
Borough of Wharton through both what is known as a low pressure 
distributing system and a high pressure system. Dover, itself, is 
principally supplied by low pressure direct from the plant, while in 
Wharton the gas is pumped to a pressure of from 5 to 50 pounds per 
square inch and reduced to the proper pressure for domestic use by 
an individual regulating valve or governor on each service. 

All the gas supplied to Dover prior to January i, 1922, was 
produced by a process known in the gas field as the "Lowe Process 
of Water Gas Manufacture." The gas produced by this system is 
commonly known as Carburetted Water Gas or more often called 
Water Gas. In this system the gas is produced by decomposing steam 
over a bed of hot anthracite coal or coke. The gas in this state only 
has a heat value of approximately 400 British Thermal Units per 
cubic foot and as the companies throughout the State are required to 
maintain an average heating value of 525 B. T. U. per cubic foot it 
is necessary to enrich this gas with fuel oil to bring up the quality 
to the proper standard. 

Since January i, 1922, Dover has been supplied with coal gas. 
This gas is produced by distilling bituminous coal in a retort. The 
gas is then ready to burn, Avith the exception of purification, which is 
done by passing the gas through a material made up of wood shavings 
and iron oxide. The iron oxide absorbs sulphur from the gas, thereby 
making it better for commercial use. 

From the coal gas system there are the by-products of coke and 
tar. The coke is of great commercial value and is used in many 
different ways. 

* In the coal gas system now used in Dover the following men are 
employed at the plant : One foreman, two licensed firemen and eight 
-unskilled laborers. 

The officers of the company are Mr. A. F. Beringer, President; 
'Mr. L. M. Symmes, Vice-President ; Mr. G. W. Johns, Secretary, 
'Treasurer and General Manager. 

The operating force is made up of Miss Laura Collier, Bookkeeper 
rand Cashier; Miss Gladys Lobb. Stenographer; Thos. F. Gannon. 
:Superintendent ; A. C. Malkin, Meter Reader and Collector; Chas. 
;Severo, in charge of meters and distribution system ; Carl Wright, pipe 
fitter. Laborers are hired from time to time as the occasion requires. 

It is generally understood and, of course, most Public LUility men 
believe that there is no other business exactly like it. Dealing with 
and coming in contact with the public in the way of a gas man does give- 



213 

lim many opportunities of seeing the different kinds of human nature. 
fhis in Itself makes the working with a Utility Company very inter- 
sting. 

THE NEW JERSEY POWER AND LIGHT COMPANY 
DOVER, NEW JERSEY 

The New Jersey Power & Light Company was incorporated under 
he laws of the State of New Jersey in December, 191 5. It owns and 
)perates the electric light and power system in the Dover, Boonton, 
vIcwi:on, Bernardsville, Laml)ertville and Flemington sections of New 
'ersey. This compan}- is a subsidiary of th- W. S. Barstow Manage- 
nent Association. New York City: W. S. Barstow. president; L. H. 
ryng. vice-president; W. Buchsbaum, treasurer. 

Dover is favored with the general offices of the Company, which 
ire located at 30 West Blackwell street. 

The personnel of the general operating officers consist of : 

E. L. White, Vice-President and General Manager 

F. J. L. Doyle, Asst. Treasurer and Asst. Secretary 
H.'R. Masker, Auditor 

G. S. Stone, Superintendent 

W'. H. \'ance. Assistant Superintendent 
E. H. Walton, Purchasing Agent 

The business of the Company shows a constantly increasing healthy 
growth. The territory served has an estimated population of 85,000. 

The nature of the business requiring constant service gives steady 
employment to an approximate total of 150 persons. 

The confidence of the Company in the future of Dover and the dis- 
trict served by Dover is forcibly shown by expenditures now under 
way, which when completed will exceed one-third of a million dollars, 
the principal project bein^ the completion of the high tension transmis- 
sion line now under construction, to connect the Dover plant with that 
af the Pennsylvania Edison Company, of Easton, Pa., an associate com- 
pany. The construction of another proposed line to extend connections 
to the plant of the Metropolitan Edison Comj^any. at Reading, Pa., 
another associate company, will estal)lish a unit control of one of the 
largest j)Ower territories in the United States. 

1 he Company supplies electricity for all purposes in thirty-six com- 
munities in I\Iorris, Sussex, Somerset and Hunterdon Counties, New 
Jersey. The communities served in the Counties of Morris, Sussex and 
Somerset are within the radius of twenty-five miles of the power plant 
at Dover which sui)plies those districts. The communities served in 
Hunterdon County are supplied from the power plant at Laml)ertville. 

The towns served include the following : Dover, Wharton, Rock- 
away. Kenvil, Succasunna, Mt. Arlington. Lake Hopatcong. Stanhope- 
Netcong, Newton. Hamburg, Denville. Mt. Tabor, Boonton, Bernards- 
ville, Far Hills. Peapack-Gladstone. Millington. Chester, Bedminster, 
Mendham. Brookside. Ralston. Oldwick, I^mington, Whitehousc, Rin- 
goes, Lambertville, Flemington and Sussex. 



214 

The main power plant is practically new and is located on a ten- 
acre tract of land owned by the Company, on the Northern outskirts of 
Dover, on the Rockaway River, This plant has an installed generating 
capacity of 7,000 K.W. 

The power plant supplying the towns of Ringoes, Flemington and 
Lambertville is located in Lambertville and has an installed generating 
capacity of 690 K.W. 

The Company has three generating stations which are held as 
reserve equipment, one being located at Boonton with an installed gener- 
ating capacity of 2,100 K.W., one at Flemington with an installed gen- 
erating capacity of 225 K.W., and the other at Newton with an installed 
generating capacity of 275 K.W. 

It is axiomatic that a community is as good as its Public Utilities 
and Dover has reason to be proud of the fact that its Electric Light and 
Power Company, its Gas Company and Railway Company are completely 
equipped, well managed and capable to provide ample facilities far into 
the future. 

Truly we are living in an electrical age, our social, commercial and 
industrial life to a large measure being dependent on the flow of the 
mystic current called electricity which, with immeasurable rapidity is 
instantly ready to serve us. Electricity may well be called our most 
faithful servant. By a mere pressure of a button, or the throw of a 
switch, our homes, business places and thoroughfares are flooded with 
the brightest of artificial light, the machines of industry are propelled 
and our vehicles of transportation moved with the dispatch that our 
fanciful writers of the past conceived as mythical. The Arabian Nights 
tale of Aladdin's lamp and the flying rug surely have come to pass. 

From the moment our modern lady arises at the start of day until 
its close, is she reminded of the faithfulness of her ever-attendant elec- 
tric servants. She performs her ablutions with water heated by an 
electric water heater and in the meanwhile has in its progress the morning 
breakfast, being prepared by the electric range, the toast brought to the 
table in its electric toaster, and simultaneously the family coflfee is in the 
making by the electric urn. The breakfast dishes are cleaned with an 
electric dishwasher and later the rugs and house cleaned with the electric 
vacuum cleaner. The family clothes are washed by the electric washer, 
dried by the electric dryer and ironed by the electric ironer. Daughter 
curls her tresses with an electric curling iron, brings the glow to her 
cheeks with the electric vibrator. Dad lights his pipe with the electric 
lighter, reads his paper beneath the rays of the electric lamp, goes to 
business in the electric car, produces his wares by the energy from the 
electric motor, reduces the summer temperature with the electric fan, 
adds up his accounts with the electrically propelled adding machine and 
in the evening enjoys a concert from the electric piano. Little son's 
aches and pains are soothed with the application of an electric pad, his 
clothes are repaired with the electric sewing machine and his toys are 
propelled electrically, and all performed with less eflfort than Aladdin 
of the fairy tale required in rubbing the lamp. 

F. J. L. Doyle. 



215 

MORE POETRY 

As the Firemen intersperse bands of musicians in their parades, 
to enHven the procession, so the editor of Dover Etetes calls up his 
POETICAL RBSER\'ES now and then, to relieve the mind of the 
reader as these solid battalions of dates and facts march by in review. 

Let me give credit for some unsigned poems included in my last 
article on "Poetry." 

The poem, "To My Mother," was written by Uzal Newton Crane, 
of Crane Hill, Dover, the metre ISeing adapted from a poem which 
he found in the London magazine, "Punch." The "Song of Dover," was 
written by a youth in the Dover High School named Abe Bacon, now 
dignified by the title of "Doctor." The lines on "Ford Pond," were 
written by Laura DeWitt, then a little girl in the Dover High School. 
They present, in naive and unaffected form, the child's point of view 
with reference to our local "Lake," as it was once called by Mr. Hall, 
in his school prospectus of 1861. 

Aside (from the above explanation, unsigned poems in this book 
are contributed by the Editor. 

REMINISCENCES OF DOVER 

I know a man who remembers the night 
They turned on in Dover the first 'lectric light. 
Before even that yet, there's some could tell 
When they heard the first sound of the new fire bell. 
The palace of pleasure was Whitlock's Llall, 
The scene of the .Annual Firemen's Ball. 
And many a man remembers how grand 
Was the music of Kenstler's big brass band. 

The park by the roadside, the old town pump, 
The hitching posts, handy for boys to jump; 
Floating leviathians on the canal, 
And circus, much better than carnival — 
These things and others I well recall. 
Because I enjoyed them when I was small ; 
With lots of good fishing in Granny's Brook, 
If only you knew how to bait your hook. 

But, dear me ! I ramble, nor yet have I told 
How Dover became two hundred years old. 
I suppose the town just naturally grew. 
Like most of us people are bound to do. 
By starting out young and making our way 
Along life's highway by night and day. 
Old Time does the work as he moves along; 
Here endeth my reminiscent song. 

JVhittier-Holmes. 
Contributed: Author not known. 



2l6 

DOVER TELEPHONE HISTORY 

The community of Dover was nearly i6o years old before it had 
its first telephone, but in the succeeding forty years up to the cele- 
bration of the city's 200th anniversary, Dover's telephone system has 
made rapid strides. With the second hundredth year about to be 
reached, there are more than 2,000 telephones in daily use in Dover and 
the importance of the part they have in the business, industrial and 
social life of the community is unquestionably great. Behind these 
2,000 telephones in 1922, there is a system representing an investment 
of hundreds of thousands of dollars, and containing hundreds of miles 
of wire and a vast amount of intricate, delicate apparatus which is 
seldom seen by the casual observer. 

The story is told in Dover's telephone history that some time 
during 1880, sufficient persons were interested in telephone service so 
that it became possible for the village to have a small central office. 
The system was constructed and a central office established with a 
switch-board no larger than that used to-day by a fair-sized business 
concern. About thirty telephone subscribers were on the original 
roster, among them The Iron Era, the Atlantic Dynamite Company 
and the George Richards Company. The "central office" was placed in 
a small room on the third floor rear, of the National Union Bank 
Building, and was equipped with trunk lines to Morristown, Paterson 
and Hackettstown. 

At that time, the telephone service was furnished by the New 
Jersey Telephone Company, which, in 1883, sold its Dover system to 
the New York and New Jersey Telephone Company, the predecessor 
of the present New York Telephone Company. This transaction was 
followed by the establishment of a new central office in the Berry 
Building on Blackwell street, where it was maintained for several 
years. 

In the meantime, the system was growing rapidly. The thirty 
original telephones had grown to nearly 100 in 1900, and from then 
on development was rapid. 191 o saw 600 telephones in service, and 
at the beginning of 1920 there were 1,560 telephones in daily use. 
Two years later this number had increased to more than 2,000. Sep- 
tember, 1912, was an eventful month in the Dover telephone system, 
because it marked the opening of a brand new central office in the 
Post Office Building on South Warren street, which was the founda- 
tion of the central office serving Dover to-day. 

In 1908, the telephone company deemed it advisable to open a 
business office in Dover, and assigned the management to Mr. O. A. 
Marquard, who previously had been in the Morristown office. Mr. 
Marquard began his close association with Dover people at that time 
and has been a resident of Dover ever since, where he has enjoyed 
the confidence and friendship of a large number of Dover residents. 



217 

Dover's central ofitce is presided over by Miss Julia A. McGuire, 
:he chief operator, who began her telephone service here in 1898. 
Another popular Dover telephone worker is J. C. Johnson, who, as 
ocal deskman, has had charge of the Telephone Company's plant in 
;he Dover district. The present central office force' numbers 16 
operators, who in a normal day handle 9,039 local calls and 3,749 out- 
going and incoming toll calls. 

Dover's telephone system is not standing still by any means. To 
:he already large local investment of the Telephone Company, thou- 
sands of dollars have been added in the past few years in building 
jp and extending the system. Large suiv-s will continue to be added 
n the future, for it is recognized by the Telephone Compr^iy that, as 
Dover grows, the telephone system must grow with it in order to 
<ceep on providing that quality of telephone service of which Dover 
people are justly proud. 

HIGHWAYS OF SPEECH 

When man first gave to man in rough, rude signs 
The image of his thought, how wonderful 

Tbe flight of an idea from mind to mind ! 
How overjoyed was he that key to find 
To unlock his heart and break the barrier dull 
That to the thinker his own thought confines ! 

And when speech came to be. how far he fared 
Upon the path to social joys, how far 

Forward he bounded on the road to power, 
To progress in the arts : the beauteous flower 
Of genius budded, bloomed — sun, moon, and star 
Received their names ; through speech ideas were shared. 

Then alphabet and writing opened up 

A wider avenue for growing thought 

And man grew wise in hoarded knowledge ; lore 
Of earlier ages filled his pathway more 
And more with light, as ripe experience taught 
The new-born souls that quaffed life's brimming cup. 

With years came printing: wider grew the ways, 

The broad highways of thought, more rich the store 
Of treasured wisdom, garnered from the past. 
But living speech has leaped the gulf, at last. 
Of sundering space, and now the open door 
Of telephonic speech evokes our praise. 



2l8 

THE CRYSTAL ICE COMPANY 

A visit to the Crystal Ice Company, Salem street, East Dover, 
reveals some interesting facts about the manufacture of ice. 

On March 20, 1922, Joseph F. Scott became the proprietor of the 
plant first established as The Hygeia Ice Company, eight years ago. 

Here ice is produced at the rate of twenty-five tons every twenty- 
four hours by a process depending on the use of brine and ammonia, 
circulated in pipes in such a way as to freeze water into blocks weighing 
three hundred pounds. 

The water is obtained from an artesian well sunk on the premises 
to a depth of 175 feet. This water is carefully filtered and distilled 
before freezing. The plant is operated by a small number of men. The 
machinery is driven by steam i)Ower. 

Thus, independent of the season of the year, water from a depth 
of 175 feet below ground is made to yield a harvest of crystal ice. 

The capacity of the plant is to be increased so as to produce fifty to 
seventy-five tons per day. 

EXPLOSIVES 

THE HERCULES POWDER COMPANY 

STORY OF THE KENVIL PLANT 

If you should drive from New York City to Lake Hopatcong, 
you will, when about 40 miles from New York, come to the city 
of Dover where iron was being worked in the early history of our 
country. Beyond Dover you climb a long hill and can see to the 
right the furnaces of the Wharton Steel Company, one of the Pioneers 
in blast furnace practice. On top of the hill you might pause to look 
at the broad, flat valley ahead and below you. You are on Mine 
Hill, an eminence that has been furnishing iron to this countr}' 
since Colonial days. Not a quarter of a mile to your left is the oldest 
iron mine in America, "The old Dickerson mine," which was operated 
from about the year 1700 until some 30 years ago. Less than a 
quarter of a mile to your right is an old caved in mine where was 
used the first dynamite made in America east of the Rockies. About 
two miles in front of you at the foot of the hills on the other side of 
the valley, you can see the buildings of our Kenvil Plant, the second 
Dynamite Plant in America and the oldest Dynamite Plant now work- 
ing on its original location. On this Plant the first Nitrate of Ammonia 
Dynamite were made; the first successful Acid Recovery in America 
was built ; the first machinery for mixing and packing Gelatin was 
invented and used, and here probably one of the first long pipe lines 
for transporting acid was erected. The history of our oldest Plant 
contains indeed many splendid pages. 



219 

During the last part of the Civil War and for several years 
:after its close, business in this country was in a thriving condition. 
The demands of the war had stimulated industry ; European com- 
panies built plants in this country to avoid the tariff, which had been 
made exceedingly high ; the construction of western railroads, such 
as the Union Pacific, opened up the vast new West to business of 
the eastern states, so that iron was much in demand. Unheard of 
prices were being paid for iron ore ; high grade ore that had lain 
at the mines in 1862 because it would not sell for $3.00 per ton was, 
In 1865 to 1872, bringing $13.00 per ton f. o. b. the mines. This was 
before the days of the Iron Mountain and Mesaba districts of Lake 
Superior. Marquette County in Michigan was, indeed, an important 
source of iron ore. but Sussex and Morris Counties in Xew Jersey 
were the very centers of this industry. 

To this famous mining district came men of the Giant Powder 
Company of California to select a site for a second Dynamite Plant. 
A site was chosen near the mines, satisfactorily distant from thickly 
populated districts, and having an abundant supply of cold water which 
could be used for controlling the temperature of the Glycerine nitra- 
tion. Ground was broken in July, 1871, and the first Xitro Glycerine 
was made in December of that year. The Nitrating House was fitted 
with two nitrators operated by hand, which made 300 lbs. of Nitro 
Glycerine per charge, each making two or three runs per day. The 
Dynamite was hand packed in pasted cartridges by Chinamen who 
had been brought from California for that purpose. The first product 
turned out was No. i Giant Powder, and contained 75 per cent. 
Nitro Gllcerine and 25 per cent. German Kieselguhr. All packing 
was first done in an old farm house known as the Hulse Homestead and 
tradition says that the Chinamen packed, slept, cooked and smoked 
all in the same building. At first smoking was permitted everywhere 
on the Plant until a fire occurred from a man smoking in the mixing 
house. The fire communicated to the powder, but was put out by 
a bucket brigade without serious damage to the building. 

This was the beginning of our Kenvil Plant. The man first 
in charge of the nitro glycerine manufacture was Mr. Fred Johnson, 
who also had charge of the plant until Mr. Charles Varney arrived 
in 1872. We shall never know many of the difficulties which 
these pioneers encountered and overcame. We do know, however, that 
Mr. Johnson, who was a chemist as well as a practical N. G. man, 
had considerable trouble with the purity of his glycerine and we know 
that he consulted chemists of the neighboring mines in an effort to 
find some means of freeing his glycerine from the grease and dirt 
with which his product was contaminated. Mr. Charles Varney 
was first Plant Superintendent, holding that position from 1872 to 
1875. I" 1875, ^^^- John C. Schrader became Superintendent and 
he was succeeded in 1879 by Mr. R. S. Penniman. In 1882 Mr. Penni- 
man left and Mr. Alfred Lovell, who had been in charge of the Judson 



220 

Plant from 1881 to 1883 now became Superintendent of both Plants 
and remained in charge until 1889. Mr. Penniman came back to 
Kenvil as a chemist in 1885 and succeeded Mr, Lovell as Superintend- 
ent in 1889^ continuing in that capacity until 1903. The next Super- 
intendents were Mr. Charles Warner from 1903 to 1909; Mr. A. P. 
Van Gelder from 1909 to 1918 and Mr, S. B. Moore from 1918 to 
the present time. • 

Some Dynamites were made with explosive dopes in 1872 ; the 
dope consisting of ground rosin, sawdust and "potash saltpetre. '* 
Soon after Mr. Penniman came to the plant he began ito experiment 
with the use of nitrate of ammonia and when he left in 1882, it was 
with the purpose of manufacturing a nitrate of ammonia explosive 
on a plant of his own. He did perfect the manufacture of this product 
(coating it with vaseline to protect it from moisture), on his plant 
in the neighborhood of Philadelphia. Mr. Penniman returned to 
Kenvil in 1884 or 1885 and began manufacturing the first nitrate of 
ammonia dynamites. 

Shortly after his return, an attempt was made to operate an acid 
recovery at Kenvil. Such an attempt had been made in California a 
few years previous by two Germans, but after the expenditure of con- 
siderable money, their efforts were declared unsuccessful and their 
proposition was dropped. At Kenvil a plant was built and operated 
by Mr. Butterworth of the Butterworth-Judson Company. For a 
long time, Mr. Butterworth gave this Plant his personal supervision, 
but the process was very costly, because he was using glass containers 
and a cascade system and the glass was breaking at a very discourag- 
ing rate. Mr. Butterworth finally gave up the attempt and the work 
was carried on by Mr. Penniman, who obtained better results by keep- 
ing the fires more constant. Eventually, Mr. Penniman went to lead 
and iron pans for concentrating sulphuric acid and the recovery became 
a success. These were two tremendous strides in the dynamite busi- 
ness, for it meant the elimination of a troublesome waste in the shape 
of spent acid and the saving of a great deal of money by the recovery 
of this acid and the use of nitrate of ammonia. 

The first big work for which Kenvil supplied dynamite was the 
construction of the Lehigh Valley Railroad tunnel at Belwood. New 
Jersey. In 1876, the Kenvil plant made powder for the first Hell Gate 
deepening. This order consisted of 50,000 lbs. and shipment was 
made by canal boat by way of the Morris Canal, which borders the 
plant property. The Kenvil Plant has been under five different com- 
panies in its history — Atlantic Giant Powder Company, Atlantic Dyna- 
mite Company, Eastern Dynamite Company, E. I. duPont deNemours 
Powder Company and, since 1913, the Hercules P'ovvder Company. 
Up to the time of the Hercules Powder Company in 191 3. Kenvil was 
devoted entirely to manufacturing dynamite and materials for dynamite 
manufacture. During that year, however, a Smokeless powder line 
was built at Kenvil and the manufacture of Smokeless powder began 
in the month of September, Up to the end of that year approximately 



221 

i5,ooo lbs. of Smokeless powder had been made and just one pound 
packed. This was indeed a small beginning for the tremendous output 
which the Kenvil Plant attained during the war. The history of the 
wartime manufacture of Smokeless Powder at Kenvil is too big 
to be included here. Its triumphs are among the first of the remark- 
able wartime achievements of this company. It might not be out 
of place, however, to state that Kenvil produced more than 3,000,000 
pounds of Cordite during some months of the war and was equipped 
to make more than 100,000 pounds of Pyro Smokeless daily for the 
U. S. Government when the Armistice was signed. In 191 7, two 
T. N. T. lines were constructed at Kenvil, which struggled through 
an unusually severe winter and finally, toward the end of the war, 
emerged with some splendid record runs for T. N. T. units. Since the end 
of the war the plant has gradually worked back to a status somewhat 
approaching that of pre-war days. Its principle product still continues 
to be dynamite in all of the various forms which are required in 
our present day civilization. It also manufactures Smokeless Powder 
in a considerable variety of forms for the various types of fire arms 
required for both military and sporting use — among these numbering 
some of the most famous produced in this country, which have estab- 
lished an enviable record for their accuracy and uniformity. Being 
equipped with a complete acid plant, Kenvil produces acids for other 
plants of the Hercules Powder Company which are not so completely 
equipped. 

We cannot leave the subject of the Kenvil Plant without pausing 
for a moment to call attention to the caliber of the man who was the 
Superintendent for the greatest length of time. Mr. Penniman was 
a man of considerable resource and ingenuity, as will be seen from 
what has been said of him above. But he was more than this — a 
man of broad vision and in many ways far ahead of his time. At the 
present day, portions of an acid line may be seen which he built from 
the Jersey Central tracks to the Acid Plant for blowing acid from 
tank cars directly into storage tanks. This was a project which he 
built on his own initiative in the face of many declarations that acid 
could not be blown such distances. Old residents now in the neighbor- 
hood of the Kenvil Plant speak of him with veneration. Many of 
them own their own homes due to the solicitation of Mr. Penniman, 
who started his employees in a Building and Loan organization. To 
this day, some of the old employees of the plant still bring their 
$5.00 a month to he deposited in the Building and Loan which was 
started by Mr. Penniman. In 1903, Mr. Penniman was transferred 
to the west coast to become a w-estern General Manager of the duPont 
Plants. He died away from this part of the country, Inn Kenvil 
will always claim him as one of her greatest sons. 

Kenvil Plant comprises 121 5 acres of land and has about 80 
tenant houses for employees. The Technical Club is situated a few 
hundred feet from the gale and during the war housed about 35 tech- 



222 

nical men. The Hercules Club of Kenvil is more than a Recreation? 
Club House for the employees of the Plant; it has become the com- 
munity center for the surrounding country and villages. The Club 
is equipped with bowling alleys, pool tables and a store. 

The Plant and its auxiliary dwelling houses and clubs constitutes. 
a community which can almost be described as self-contained, merely- 
lacking a store to make it justify that description. 

THE PICATINNY ARSENAL 
By Howard S. Deck 

The Picatinny Arsenal is located in, the Middle Forge Valley^ 
Rockaway Township, Morris County, New Jersey. It includes i,6i6 
acres surrounding Picatinny Peak and Picatinny Lake ; also a strip 
of land 50 feet wide from the Arsenal grounds proper to Spicertown. 
The original tract included also 315 acres, now a part of the Naval 
Storage Base. Roughly, the tract extends from Mt. Hope and Hickory- 
Hill on the east to the ridge of Green Pond Mountain on the west, 
and from the southern end of the mountain on the south to the foot 
of Lake Denmark on the north. There are several interesting items in 
the geological history. Here originated the celebrated "Pudding Stone'*^ 
or Green Pond Mountain conglomerate. It is believed that glaciers 
covered this territory on at least two widely separated periods. To 
those who can read the trail, the spoor left by these rivers of ice is 
plainly marked in many parts of the Arsenal grounds. The leveling of 
the mountain spur, which once extended south from the Peak, is 
such a trail mark. The reversal of the flow of Green Pond Brook is 
also laid to their charge. Before the days of the mastodon, the bones, 
of a number of which have been found within 20 miles, this brook flowed 
northward and emptied into Lake Passaic. 

The Indians who at a later date claimed the vicinity as hunting 
ground were of the Lenni Lenape tribe and known to the early settlers 
as Rockawaks. Their claim to the land was covered in the treaty of 
Easton (Pa.) in 1758. 

The following is a brief list of the early owners : Dutch by right of 
discovery; King Charles II by conquest, Treaty of 1664; James, Duke 
of York, by deed ; Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkley, by deed ; 
the Twelve Proprietors, by deed. The returns on the Arsenal tract 
were taken up by John Reading, one of the Proprietors, in 1723. 

In 1749. Jonathan Osborne purchased the site at the foot of Pica- 
tinny Peak, built a dam and erected a forge. Later, when a forge was 
built at Lake Denmark, the Picatinny Peak forge was known as the 
Middle Forge, presumably because of its location on Green Pond Brook 
midway between Mt. Pleasant and Lake Denmark forges. 

Little is known of the early history of the forge or its owner. Ore 
was transported on horseback in leather bags and the finished bar iror 
in the shape of a horseshoe on pack saddles. Four hundred to five 



223 

Lindred pounds was considered a pack load, under which horses made 
fteen miles per day. From Middle Forge the route to tide water lay 
ver Mt. Hope to Rockaway. 

In 1772 the Forge was acquired by Col. Jacob Ford, builder of the 
istoric continental powder mills at Alorristown. It was at Middle 
orge that the "largest loop" forged in Morris County was made by 
ol. Ford, in celebration of which we l^elieve his wife baked him a 
short cake." This loop or bar weighed 28^ pounds. The Forge was 
)nveyed to Jacob Ford. Jr.. in 1773. ^"<^i '^Y '""is executors to John 
icob Faesch in 1778. Faesch was a Swiss, naturalized by special Act 
[ Congress. He was a master iron worker, operating a number of 
)rges. Under his management the Middle Forges made "cannon, shot, 
ir iron, shovels, axes, and other iron implements for the Revolutionary 
rmy." Copies of correspondence record that the price asked for 
innon was "7d York money per pound." the Continental government 
irnishing the patterns for the castings. In connection with this work 
eneral Washington visited Faesch, Esq., and arranged with him for the 
;rvices of 250 Hessian prisoners for cutting wood, burning charcoal, 
id operating the forges. Faesch paid nothing for the services of these 
len, supplying them only with clothes, shelter, and food. It will be 
:called that the King of England hired these Hessian soldiers to fight 
jainst the colonies, agreeing to pay not only for their services, but 
so a per capita price on all men not returned. As many of the sur- 
vors preferred to remain in the New World, the bill to the King must 
ive seemed unjustly high. 

In 1800, General John Doughtv'. as Commissioner, conveyed the 
orge and a large tract to Moses Phillips, Jr., who rebuilt it and oper- 
:ed it as a single fire forge under the name of Aetna Forge. Early in 
le century, the iron industry had some lean years. On December 18, 
?i6, the Aetna joined with the principal other forges in Morris County 
i a "petition to the house of congress for the relief of persons inter- 
ited in the manufacture of bar and cast iron in the U. S." 

During Mr. Phillips' ownership noteworthy progress was made in 
lethods of transportation. In 1804. the turnpike from Dover to Sparta 
as built. In 1806, the turnpike over Mt. Hope connecting with the 
over-Sparta road was built. This marked the passing of the pac " 
iddle and conseauentlv of "loops" bars. At about the time of the 
Deningof the Morris Canal, 1823-1833, the weight of "bars" was alx)ut 
) pounds. 

The following extract from an advertisement, appearing in the 
ugust 14, 1830, issue of "The Jerseyman," is of interest and indicates 
lat iron in the community was not only an article of commerce but 
:cepted as "coin of the Realm" : 

" all the above articles are made by the subscribers and 

warranted of the best quality, for sale at reduced prices for 
cash or Bar Iron. — McFarlan & Ayres, late Blackwell & 
McFarlan." 



224 

In 1839, the Forge came into the possession of Jacob Richter and 
in 1853 of George E. Richter, who operated it for several years, and 
then allowed it to fall into decay. It was purchased by the Government 
in 1879. 

It is believed that, in its best days. Middle Forge employed not 
less than 60 men, and produced 10 to 20 tons per week. During its 
early years it shared prosperity and adversity with the industry in gen- 
eral. Prior to 1776, rolled bars could not be made here, owing to a 
prohibitory act of Parliament which fixed a penalty of 200 pounds Ster- 
ling on each rolling mill. 

The trip hammer anvil and tools used at Middle Forge are on exhi- 
bition at the Arsenal. The anvil is about two feet square and weighs 
roughly 4,000 pounds. The hammer has a 14-inch square face and 
weighs about 600 pounds. While gathering data for this paper another 
hammer was found among the ruins near the old Forge site. There was 
also found a "puddle" of iron and slag, probably the remains of the last 
"smelt" at Middle Forge. 

The charcoal production rose and fell with the iron industry. Large 
quantities of charcoal were consumed by each furnace. In 1777, Gen- 
eral Washington reported the number of "iron works large and small" 
in Morris County at between eighty and one hundred. The history of 
the iron industry records instances where the consumption of charcoal 
was so enormous that its use was regulated by law. 

The need of a Government controlled place for the manufacture of 
black powder was seriously felt during the Civil War, as was, also, the 
need of Government owned storage. The records of the War Depart- 
ment show that in 1866, a board of officers was convened in New York 
City to consider the question and to recommend location of an Atlantic 
Powder Depot. In July of 1879, the recommended tracts were inspected 
by Major F. H. Parker, and later the Middle Forge tract became the 
property of the Federal Government, Major Parker being the first Com- 
manding Officer. 

On September 10, 1880, on the recommendation of Major Parker, 
the Depot was designated the "Picatinny Powder Depot." In July, 
1883, the name was changed to "U. S. Powder Depot at Dover, N. J." 
Again in 1907 the name was changed to "The Picatinny Arsenal." The 
orders, reports, and correspondence relating to this period of the 
Arsenal's history have been published a number of times. 

The meaning of the name Picatinny Peak or Pickatinny Beak, as it 
appears on earlier maps, has been the occasion of extended and not 
altogether fruitful search. The interpretation, "The smaller end face of 
the endless hills," is partial. The name also implies locality, but just 
what the boundaries of this locality are has not been determined. 

From 1880 to 1890 the storage of black powder received first con- 
sideration. For this purpose a number of buildings were erected. 
Late in 1886 the Morris County Railroad (now Wharton and North- 
ern), was built, connecting the depot with the country's transportation 
lines. From 1890 to 1900 no active eflfort was made to establish a black 



225 

)o\vder manufacturing plant at the Arsenal. The storage capacity was 
ncreased and unsuccessful efforts were made to obtain authorization 
ind funds for an experimental smokeless powder laborator}-. In 
906, Congress appropriated funds for this purpose and manufacture 
>egan early in 1908, with the factory at a rated capacity of 3,000 
)Ounds per day. The following year this was increased to 9,000 
•ounds per day. These figures will perhaps mean more by way of 
omparison. At the time of the signing of the Armistice of 1919, 
his was less than one per cent, of the country's daily production of 
mokeless powder. Viewed from another angle, this amount would 
Dad 6,000 rounds for the French 75s or 250 rounds for the famous 
55s, and hut ten full charges for one of our larger seacoast defense 
;uns. It must not be assumed that the powder for these guns is inter- 
hangeable. Powder is made for and can be used in particular models 
if guns only, and it is rarely interchangeable. For this reason the large 
uantities of smokeless powder made during the World War for 
•"ield Artillery cannot be used in our coast defenses. 

Practically all standard smokeless powders are cylindrical, rang- 
ig in size from the diameter of a pin to the familiar broom stick. The 
?ngth is usually several times the diameter. Small grains have one 
erforation through the long way of the grain ; larger grains have 
everal. The grains are hard like bone and have the general dark 
rown appearance of polished American walnut. 

Early in the present century the use of modern high explosives as a 
ursting charge in projectiles received much consideration, and after 
everal years of experimenting, a rather complete plant was put into 
peration. The machine shop in which the final work on projectiles 
:as done stood on the site of the old Middle Forge. 

In 19TI Congress appropriated funds for the erection of a factor}' 
or the manufacture of Explosive "D," the authorized bursting 
harge for armor piercing projectiles. Production was maintained 
ntil the summer of 1918. when the more pressing need for personnel 
1 other lines of production led to a shut down. The factory has 
ince been dismantled and replaced by equipment that will permit of 
lore varied production. 

Contemporary with the addition of factories there were added 
le necessary chemical and physical laboratories for the control and 
ist of the material in the manufacturing process. With the develop- 
lent of the work, there came demands for research, testing, and prov- 
ig, for which equipment was added from time to time. 

With the entry of the United States into the World W^ar we find 
le Arsenal with factories fitted to manufacture on a small scale, to 
evelop new processes, and to do research work on active agents that 
o into ammunition. Of greater importance than all of these was the 
ersonnel educated in the work and in Government ways and methods, 
lie Arsenal's greatest contribution to the cause of the Allies lay in 
ne training it had given to these men, many of whom, because of 
le knowledge thus acquired, came to stand high in the councils of 



226 I 

the War Department, and assisted in building the great structure on 
which the production of munitions was built. 

The Names of the Commanding Officers of the Arsenal with the 
dates of assuming and relinquishing command are as follows : 

Major F. H. Parker. Sept. 6, 1880— Nov. 29, 1882. 
Major J. P. Farley. Apr. 4, 1883 — June 27, 1887. 
Major F. H. Phipps. July i, 1887 — Oct. 22, 1890. 
Major J. W. Reilly. Oct. 22, 1890 — Jan. 21, 1892. 
Col. J. M. Whittemore. Mar. 10, 1892 — Mar. 23, 1897, 
Col. A. R. Buffington. Mar. 23, 1897 — April 7, 1899. 
Col. L. S. Babbitt. May 5, 1899 — Feb. 18, 1903. 
Col. O. B. Mitcham. July 16, 1902 — May 14, 1907. 
Major B. W. Dunn. Mar. 26, 1907 — June 10, 1907. 
Major O. C. Horney. June 10, 1907 — July 14, 191 5. 
Lt, Col. J. C. Nicholls. July 14, 191 5 — Nov. 9, 191 5, 
Col. J. W. Joyes. Nov. 9, 1915 — May 27, 1917. 
Col. J. C. Nicholls. May 27, 1917 — Oct. 22, 1918. 
Lt. Col. R. L. Maxwell. Oct. 22, 1918 — Jan. 5, 1919. 
Lt. Col. R. W. Pinger. Jan. 5, 1919 — Aug. 22, 1919. 
Lt. Col. F. H. Miles, Jr. Aug. 22, 19 19 — July 22, 1920. 
Lt. Col. E. M. Shinkle. July 22, 1920 — Feb., 1921. 
Major F. H. Miles, Jr. Feb., 1921 — Aug. 31, 1921. 
Major J. H. Pelot. Aug. 31, 1921 — 

The names of officers who have served at Picatinny Arsenal as 
assistants are as follows: 

Major W. H. Tschappat Lieut. L. J. Ahern 

Capt. D. C. Seagrave Lieut. C. E. Patridge 

Capt. T. L. Coles Capt. C. T. Harris 

Major J. C. Nicholls Capt. J. B. Fidlar 

Capt. J. H. Burns 1 Capt. G. R. Hartrick. 

Lieut. F. G. Wallace 

A partial list of the emergency officers who trained at Picatinny 
Arsenal is as follows : 

Major A. L. Kibler Capt. J. A. Marshall 

Capt. J. S. Bates Capt. E. H. Davis 

Capt. C. A. Tibbals Lieut. A. Given 

Capt. G. R. Roe Lieut. D. L. Rehlaender. ■] 

Capt. J. F. Cyphers 

The activities of the Great War brought no extensive increased 
facilities or production to the Arsenal. On a broader plan, the knowl- 
edge gained was used in initiating production at points and under condi- 
tions favoring production on a larger scale. The facilities and labora- 
tories at the Arsenal were used to train novices in the arts of ammuni- 
tion production and in War Department methods. Thus the Arsenal 
became a Bureau of Standards for makers of ammunition. 



227 

The Armistice found the Arsenal with no plans for the future, 
rhe imperative need of storage facilities for housing, first, the tre- 
nendous amounts of war material in this country, and. second, the 
equally large amounts returnable from abroad overshadowed all else, 
[n helping to solve this problem Picatinny did more than its full share. 
SJo one associated with the Arsenal during the past three and one- 
lalf years will deny the herculean proportions of this task. 

During this period of production inactivity, the peace time pro- 
gram for anmnmition was worked out. Picatinny Arsenal was desig- 
lated as the ammunition Arsenal for the Army, and charged with 
he responsibility of keeping alive all the arts in connection with the 
)roduction of ammunition. Work preparatory to carrying out of the 
(fogram then outlined is now nearing completion. 

To-day the Arsenal employees number about one thousand, nearly 
ill of whom are drawn from the Dover-Wharton community. The 
»ffice stafT, with the exception of oflficers and technical men. is com- 
)0sed almost entirely of men and women who were educated in local 
nstitutions. 

The following is a list of official personnel and their work : 

Major J. H. Pelot — Commanding Officer. 

Major 11. C. Davis, Jr — Metal Components and Planning Divisions. 

Major J. Herbert Hunter — Explosives and Chemical Divisions. 

Capt. J. C. ^'ickery — Adjutant. 

Capt. T. P. Harris — Loading and Service Divisions. 

Capt. D. C. Hall — Amnumition School. 

Lieut. ^L H. Davis — Storage Division. 

In the preparation of this synopsis, much information was 
ibtained from the records in the Dover Library, various publications, 
he historical societies of New York. Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, 
"he files of Dr. George Lebaw, author of "The History of Preakness," 
nd Mr. William Roome. who is in possession of the records of the 
Tiginal Middle Forge survey, were called on for dates and informa- 
ion. 



ATLAS POWDER COMPANY 

The Forcite Works of the Atlas Powder Co.. of Wilmington, Del., 
ad its beginning thirty-nine years ago. Its founders were mostly 
Belgians and Swedes, who July. 1883, on the Southern end of Lake 
lopatcong. near Landing. N. J., began the construction of a plant 
/hich was known as the American Forcite Powder Manufacturing 
'ompany. Mr. Eisler was superintendent in charge of construction, 
"he first employee was Mr. Charles Tice. who has remained continu- 
usly in the employ of the company. Mr. John Anthony Johnson, 
till employed at the works, and Mr. Lewis Brown, recently retired on 
ension, were also among the first employees. Mr. Eisler remained as 
iiperintendent until April i, 1884 when Mr. J. K. Sundstron was 
ppointed to that position. From that time up to the present the 



228 

superintendency was held by a number of men. Their names and 
the terms of their office were as follows : 

March, 1887 to Oct., 1887— Mr. A. W. Nibelins. 

Oct., 1887 to Jan., 188— The late Mr. Gustaf Reinberg. 

Jan., 1888 to April, 1892 — Mr. J. B. Smith, of Succasunna, N. J. 

Superintendent Smith was killed at the Forcite Works by the 
explosion of April 18, 1892. 

April, 1892 to Jan., 1894 — Mr. Bromaine. 

Jan., 1894 to May, 1900 — The late Mr. T. H. Johnson. 

May. 1900 to May, 1906 — Mr. Geo. E. Potts. 

Mr. Potts resigned May i, 1906. 

May, 1906 to July, 1906 — Mr. Chas. A. Patterson. 

Mr. Patterson was transferred to one of the other works as 
Superintendent and was succeeded by : 

July, 1906 to Dec, 1912 — Mr. A. P. VanGelder. 

Jan., 1913 to July, 1917 — Mr. E. J. Riederer. 

July, 1917 to Nov., 1917 — Mr. J. T. Power. 

Nov., 1917 to Nov., 1921 — Mr. A. Nelson Chase. 

Mr. Chase was transferred to another works of the company and 
Mr. J. B. Turner was appointed Superintendent, 

A Mr. Sundholm appeared to have been the active head of the 
original plant until about 1890 when Mr. Clarence W. Markey obtained 
control of the stock of the company. In about 1900 the du Pont Com- 
pany obtained control and held it until December 31, 1912, when, due 
to a decree of the U. S. District Court, the' du Pont Company was 
divided into three independent companies. The Forcite Works then 
passed into the hands of the Atlas Powder Company, one of the three 
new companies formed. 

The probable reason for establishing the Forcite Works on the 
shores of Lake Hopatcong was no doubt due to the proximity to 
New York and the various iron and zinc mines in Morris and Sussex 
Counties. At that time the shores of Lake Hopatcong were very 
thinly populated. It had yet to become the summer resort it now is. 

The first gelatin dynamite to be made in the United States was 
manufactured at the Forcite Works on April 2, 1884. The product 
was known as 75 per cent, gelatin. The formula for this explosive 
was worked out by a European concern and the American Forcite 
Powder Manufacturing Company was licensed to make it in America. 
At that time the gelatin dynamite was mixed in a copper bowl. 
Two men working with wooden paddles, mixed the ingredients by 
hand. 

In 1895 dynamite was manufactured at Forcite. All of this was 
hand packed until August, 1900. when the hand Quinan Packing 
Machine was installed. This machine was replaced in 1908 by the Hall 
Packing Machine. 

In 1917 Mr. Riederer was transferred to the General Office at 
Wilmington. 



229 

In 191 3 electric power was supplied throughout the plant. Pre- 
vious to that time compressed air and steam were the only forms of 
power used. 

Xo raw materials for the manufacture of its products are obtained 
in the vicinity of the Forcite Works. Supplies must be obtained 
from many sources, some of them from foreign countries. 

The class of labor required for the manufacture of explosives 
is probably above the average. It is endeavored, at all times, to obtain 
men who use the utmost care in following their vocation. Foremen 
are usually men who have l)een advanced from the "ranks." Super- 
intendents. Assistant Superintendents, Chemists and Supervisors are 
mostly professional men who have completed a college training, but 
there are numerous exceptions to this rule. 

The Forcite Works has furnished explosives for many notable 
enteqjrises. Among the most important was the construction of the 
D., L. & W. "Cut-ofT" from Port Morris, N. J., through Blairstown 
to the Delaware River. Practicall\- all the explosives used in this 
project were made at Forcite. 

During the late war, Forcite Works made large quantities of 
sulphuric and nitric acids which were used in other industries making 
war materials. The main product was nitro-cotton for smokeless- 
powder manufacture. Large quantities of Nitrate of Ammonia were 
also made, and shipped to other points where it was mixed with 
T. N. T. and other ingredients for High Explosive Shells. At the 
close of the war, the plant was re-arranged to again manufacture only 
Nitro Glycerine and dynamite used in mines, quarries, etc., and nitric 
and sulphuric acids used in various industries. 

In June, 1922, the Forcite Works employed one hundred and 
eleven men, nine of whom live in Dover. Mr. Marshall Sanders of 
Dover has been transferred to the Works at Wilmington, Delaware. 

NAVAL AMMUNITION DEPOT, LAKE DENMARK, 
DOVER, N. J. 

Th Naval Ammunition Depot, Lake Denmark, Dover. N. I., 
located in the township of Rockaway and near Lake Denmark, seven 
miles from the town of Dover, N. J., was established in 1891, and is 
under the cognizance of the Bureau of Ordnance, N^avv Department. 
The original tract of land comprising this Depot was ceded bv the War 
Department to the Navy Department in 1891 and comprised 315 
acres. In 1902 two additional tracts of land containing 78.58 acres 
were purchased and by proclamation of the President of the United 
States, dated August 7. 1918, 67^^ acres of land were commandeered, 
making the present total acreage of this Depot 451.08. 

The first appropriation of any large amount made by Congress 
for the development of the Depot was contained in the Naval Appro- 
priation Act of June 7, 1900, and from that date until the entrance 
of the United States into the World War in 1917 the growth of the 
Depot was steady. During 1917 and 1918 the storage capacity of this 
plant was more than doubled. 



230 

Tills Depot is served by the Wharton and Northern Railroad 
and connecting Hnes, has its own interior system of railroad tracks, 
switches, locomotives, power, electric light and water systems. The 
principal activity of the Depot is the storage of Ammunition and 
Ammunition details for the Navy Department. 

The classes of labor employed are the necessary clerical, mechan- 
ical, and common labor required to meet the demands of the Bureau 
of Ordnance in handling the material shipped to and from the Depot. 

This Depot was originally under the jurisdiction of the Com- 
mandant, Navy Yard, League Island, Philadelphia, Pa., and later 
under the Commandant of the Navy Yard, New York. In 1910 the 
Lake Denmark Depot, together with the other Navy Ammunition 
Depots in the New York District were placed under the Command of 
the Inspector of Ordnance in Charge, Naval Ammunition Depot, lona 
Island, N. Y., and in September, 191 9, it became an independent activ- 
ity of the Third Naval District. 

The present Inspector of Ordnance in Charge is Commander 
David Lyons, U. S. N., and the following officers have been in charge 
of the Depot at various times. 

Commander J. B. Coghlan, U. S. N. 
Gunner P. Lynch, U. S. N. 
Gunner G. Albro, U. S. N. 
Chief Gunner C. Dugan, U. S. N. 
Lieutenant M. W. Gilmartin, U. S. N. 
Gunner T. B. Watson, U. S. N. 
Chief Gunner H. Johnsen, U. S. N. 
Chief Gunner C. B. Babson, U. S. N. 
Lieutenant H. Sinclair, U. S. N. 
Chief Gunner J. C. McDermott, U. S. N. 
Lieutenant Samuel Chiles, U. S. N. 
Chief Gunner W. J. Creelman, U. S. N. 

IRON WORKS, MINES, PIG IRON, STEEL 
; , IRON 

ULSTER IRON WORKS, INC. 

The Ulster Iron Works of Dover now occupy the site where 
iron works have been carried on, under changing proprietors, since 
1745 or thereabouts. The first forge, built by John Jackson in 1722, 
has already been described in this book. Joseph Shotwell's purchase 
of 91 acres in 1745 — the heart of Dover — has been mentioned. Iron 
works on the Rockaway River at that period have been referred to. 
Hence it seems safe to say that iron works have been carried on upon 
the present site of the Ulster Iron Works for about 175 years. 

The succession has been traced in other parts of this book — 
Joseph Shotu-ell 1745, Robert Schooley, Joseph and Stephen Jackson 



231 

1768, Beman 1757, Canfield & Losey 1792, Blackwell & McFarlan, 
1817-1869. (See Dover History.) 

An old map of 1825 shows that Dover at that date consisted chiefly 
of the iron works on the Rockaway of which Blackwell and McFarlan 
were then proprietors, having taken them over from Canfield and 
Losey in 1817. On this map different buildings are marked by the 
letters of the alphabet and explained in a key to the list, showing 
seven dwellings, blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, saw mill, coal (char- 
coal) house, new rolling mill, rolling and slitting mill, new iron house, 
chain proof, turning mill, cyder house, forge, another carpenter shop, 
•wood house, new coal house, grindstone, another blacksmith shop, 
chain shop, another coal house, tavern, bam, chair house, store, school, 
steel furnace, stone buildings marked xx and frame buildings yy. 

Henry McFarlan, Jr., closed the old iron works in 1869, retiring 
from active business, and sold the property in 1880 to the Dover Iron 
Company, organized by Judge Francis S. Lathrop, receiver of the 
Central Railroad, from stockholders of that railroad. (See the 
article on C. R. R. in this book.) 

The Ulster Iron Works originated at Saugerties, Ulster Count>', 
New York. Building operations were commenced in 1825. In 1827 
the Ulster Iron Works Company was formed with William Young, 
president. Various changes occurred in the control of the works dur- 
ing the next fifty years, in the course of which C. R. Mulligan and 
his brother William became associated with the business. 

C. R, Mulligan retired from the firm in 1876 and in 1883 took 
the management; of the Dover Iron Works at Dover, N. J. In 1884 
the: manufacture of Ulster Iron at Saugerties became unprofitable, 
owing to lack of railroad connection. The business was then trans- 
ferred to Dover, where the Dover Iron Works organized by Judge 
Lathrop had the advantage of the new branch of the Central R. R., 
recently constructed. 

In 1903 C. R. Mulligan and his son, John Mulligan, bought the 
property of the Dover Iron Works from the stockholders, and changed 
the name of the concern to "Ulster Iron Works, Inc.," carrying on in 
Dover the manufacture of that special grade of iron long known fav- 
orably to the trade as "Ulster Iron" from Saugerties, N. Y. 

During the Saugerties history John Simmons figured prominently 
in the early development and success of the Ulster Iron Works. To 
him has been ascribed the introduction of the Double Puddling Fur- 
nace as well as some other developments of furnace construction 
which are still employed in the manufacture of Ulster Iron. It is 
also claimed that puddling was first practiced in this countr\^ at the 
Saugerties Mill. 



232 

At the present writing (1922) the firm is organized as follows: 
President, C. R. Mulligan ; Vice-President, John Mulligan ; Secretary- 
Treasurer, J. D. B. Vreeland ; General Manager, Frank W. Hamilton. 
The output is marketed by Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, 30 Church St., 
New York. 

The works employ, when running to capacity, about 450 men, con- 
sisting of puddlers and puddlers' helpers, heaters and helpers, rollers 
and roll hands, and ordinary laborers. 

The business depends upon the prosperity and general conditions 
of the railroads, the prospects being fair at the present time for a 
revival of activity. 

The process employed at these works consists of the conversion 
of pig-iron (cast iron) into wrought iron by means of puddling fur- 
naces and the subsequent rolling of the material into merchant bars. 

The principal raw materials used are pig iron from Pennsylvania 
and New Jersey blast furnaces, charcoal pig-iron from the Lake 
Superior district, ore for fettling from mines of Witherbee, Sherman & 
Co., Port Henry, N. Y., and bituminous coal from Pennsylvania coal 
mines. 

The equipment consists of double puddling furnaces, heating 
furnaces and roll trains of the type usually employed in this line of 
business. 

The products are Ulster special locomotive staybolt iron and Ulster 
engine bolt iron. Only pig iron of the gray forge grade is used and 
no scrap whatever is charged into the puddling furnaces. 

Extensive additions to the original plant of the Ulster Iron Works 
have been made in recent years, at some distance further north on 
the Rockaway River. A description of these additions and improve- 
ments was published in the Iron Trade Re^fiezv of March 13, I9I9^ 
from which the following abstract is taken. 

Expansion of the merchant bar iron industry in the eastern states 
has proceeded very slowly during the past few decades. Few of 
the plants devoted to this product reflect any marked improvements 
or extensions. Most of them have been in existence for many years, 
and the methods and the equipment in use have not been affected 
noticeably by the passing time. In view of this situation the erection 
of a new and modern puddling mill by the Ulster Iron Works, Dover, 
N. J., looms up as the most important recent development in the progress 
of this industry in the East. The company will have a capacity of 
from 80 to icx) tons in 24 hours, or more than double its best previous 
output when the new mill is in operation. Its old plant has eleven 
double puddling furnaces. The new plant now contains eleven com- 
plete double puddling furnaces and space is provided for a second 
group of eleven furnaces, for which the brick and other materials 
are now at hand. Ultimately the puddling capacity of the entire 
works will be 125 to 150 tons daily. 



233 

The new plant in its entirety was laid out in accordance with 
leas advanced by John Mullij^an, working in conjunction with the 
. W. Price Engineering Company. W'oolworth Building, New York 
ity. The latter interest had charge of designing a large portion of 
le work, and also the superintendence of construction and contracts. 

In the new plant are to be found all the devices which ingenuity 
lay suggest for the saving of time and labor, such as a monorail 
"Stem, two overhead conveyors, a magnet crane for unloading pig 
on from incoming cars. 

Consideration for comfortable working conditions for the men 
as been one of the dominating factors detemiining the design of 
le new plant. The sides of the building can be opened in hot weather 
id the rolling of the hot iron is done away from the vicinity of the 
addling furnace standings. 

The power used in the Ulster Iron Works is mostly steam, 
though there is electric connection for certain purposes. 



DOVER BOILER WORKS 

The Dover Boiler Works was started in 1874 by Foster F. Birch, 
)r many years a well-known citizen of Dover and father of the 
resent owner, William F. Birch. 

It originally occupied a small rented building on the premises 
t the Ulster Iron Works ; later moving to the old school house at 
le foot of Morris street, this site now being occupied by Mr. Heller 
; a wholesale grocery warehouse. From a small repair shop only 
Ding hand repair work, and having only one or two men, the plant 
is grown until at present it is the largest and best equipped con- 
act Plate Work Shop in the New York District and possibly the 
itire East. 

The work manufactured consists of a general line of steel plate 
ork, such as, tanks for all purposes, stacks, flues, flumes, stills, dryers, 
)al bins, ash hoppers, etc. These are made of steel plate and shapes 
ich as angles, I-beams, channels, rounds, squares, rivets, bolts, cast- 
gs, etc., etc. 

These materials are secured from the large steel mills, such as, 
ethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, Pa.; Midvale Steel Company, 
t Johnstown, Coatesville and Philadelphia ; Lukens Steel Company of 
oatesville. Pa. ; Worth Steel Company of Claymont, Del. ; Central 
■on and Steel Company of Harrisburg, Pa. ; The Phoenix Iron Com- 
my of Phoenixville, Pa., etc. Practically all of this steel is made 
■om ore coming from the famous Messaba Range in the Lake Superior 
strict. 

The output of the Dover Boiler Works goes all over the United 
tates and practically all over the world. 

The most famous buildings in the United States have Dover 
oiler Works equipment in them. The Woolworth Building in Xew 
ork City, the highest in the world, has the stack and also the tanks 
ade by the Dover Boiler Works. 



234 

The Equitable Building, the largest building in the world, has the 
stack built by the Dover Boiler Works, Tliis stack is ii feet in 
diameter and 640 feet high. 

On the Pacific Coast, in Seattle, Washington, the L. C. Smith 
Building, which is 40 stories high and the highest on the West 
Coast, has a Dover stack in it. 

Troubled Mexico has a great deal of Dover equipment in its oil 
Tiefineries, mines and plantations. 

Porto Rico, Cuba and the West Indies have many Dover installa- 
tions helping to operate sugar plantations, oil refineries and asphalt 
plants. 

South America is dotted with equipment from Dover. In the 
silver mines of Peru, among the peaks of the Andes, in Brazil and 
the Argentine, Dover helps to recover silver, produce electric current, 
operate abattoirs and other enterprises. 

In distant India the most modern of blast furnaces are partly 
Dover equipment- 
Far away China has several installations for handling and refin- 
ing Soya Bean Oil. It also has modern cotton mills, some of which 
are operated by Dover equipment. 

In Penang there are cement mills with equipment from Dover. 

In the Philippines are several sugar plantations, cocoanut oil sta- 
tions, etc., with materials from Dover. 

Snowy Siberia has also some Dover equipment in its gold mines. 

Norway produces aluminum in large quantities and Dover appar- 
atus is helping to do it. 

In Old England, in Sunny France, in Africa and in practically 
the whole world, equipment manufactured by the Dover Boiler Works 
helps to do the world's work. 

The Dover Boiler Works is owned by Mr. William F. Birch, who 
is also the General Manager. The products of the Works are sold from 
three offices, viz : One in Dover, New Jersey, with Mr. J. V. Loughlin 
in charge ; one in New York City with Mr. Walter Goldsworthy in 
charge; one in Philadelphia, Pa., with Mr. Henry F. Vache in charge. 

Dover is an excellent location for a works of this character. Being 
only 38 miles from New York City, it is easily and quickly reached 
by freight ; but, if necessary, work is trucked to its destination, thus 
avoiding freight delays. 

About one hundred and fifty persons are employed, including engi- 
neers, bookkeepers, stenographers, clerks, boilermakers, machinists, 
blacksmiths, welders, flangers, pipe-fitters, patternmakers, electricians, 
liandymen and laborers. 



J 



235 

THE McKIERNAX-TERRY DRILL COMPANY 
DOVER N. J. 

Mr. Samuel G. McKiernan, a contractor of Paterson, N. J., along 
ibout 1890 developed a rock drill of what is now commonly known as 
he tripod type. At the same time Mr. Gustave Reinberg, associated 
,vith the Atlantic Dynamite Co., was furnishing Mr. McKiernan with 
x)wder on his contracting work, and a friendship grew out of this 
business association which later brought the two together as partners. 
McKiernan at that time had his drills manufactured in Paterson and 
Mr. Reinberg undertook their exploitation in the territory which he 
,vas traveling for the Powder Co. 

The business prospered and in 1895 a corporation was fomied 
cnown as the McKiernan Drill Co. To increase the market for the 
McKiernan drill, an air compressor was manufactured for the new 
:ompany by the Lambert Hoisting Engine Co. of Newark. The busi- 
less continued to grow to such an extent that in October, 1900, a 
)iece of property was purchased on Richards avenue, Dover, N. J., 
vhere its plant was established and which it has occupied up to the 
)resent time. 

At about the time the Dover property was acquired there began 
o be an occasional demand for pile hammers for driving wooden sheet- 
ng in trenching operations. This device was an adaptation of the 
itandard rock drill which the company was building. 

The McKiernan drill became well and favorably known among 
nines in the regions about Dover and for a numloer of years was stand- 
ird equipment with them. Several large quarry companies in the Hud- 
on River valley also became converts to McKiernan apparatus, so 
v'ith the growing trade, new machinery was installed in the factory and 
he facilities for production largely increased. 

In 1910 the McKiernan Drill Co. absorbed The Terry Core Drill 
^o., the latter organization being manufacturers of a core drill for 
xploratory work which had gained a considerable reputation at home 
.nd abroad. With the consolidation there came into the organization 
, new personnel, and with the exception of Mr. Gustave Reinberg, 
vho died in 1915, the same official organization is still in charge of 
he enterprise. 

In mechanical lines styles change as well as they do in other 
ndustries, and so in 1910 there was a departure from the conventional 
ype of drilling equipment and the introduction of what is now com- 
nonly known as the "'one man" drill. At the same time there came 
bout an increased demand for pile-driving equipment incident to the 
xploitation of steel sheet piling, which was introduced into the market 
y some of the large steel manufacturers. The growing business in 
his line made necessary the development of very much larger pile 
lammers than the Company had made before. For the successful 
ise of steel sheet piling it was necessary to have a reliable pile-driving 



236 

hammer, and so it can readily be seen that the success of one depended" 
largely upon the other, and so it follows that with the introduction of 
steel sheet piling throughout this country and in foreign lands, the 
pile hammer followed as a companion to it. 

Other articles of manufacture are lifting jacks, known in the 
trade as the "Doughboy Jack," a name to which it is justly entitled 
as it represents a development far ahead of anything of its kind hereto- 
fore made. Drills, of course, are one of the standard products and^ 
like any household tool, are too well known to warrant describing. 

The addition of a large building during the war period increased 
the capacity of the plant and with improved business conditions, the 
company will have accommodation for an increased volume of trade 
which in the future will inure to the benefit of the community. 

To-day McKiernan-Terry products are a familiar name in every 
country throughout the world, its pile-driving apparatus in particular- 
being standard not only with all large engineering and construction 
firms in the United States, but also in all other countries in the world 
where pile-driving of any kind is done. 

During the world war McKiernan-Terry Pile Hammers played 
their part. They drove practically all of the piling, several miles 
in extent, for the new harbor at Richboro, England, from which point 
the British shipped the bulk of their supplies and troops to France. 
This was what was known as "The Netted Way." 

Their use in English dock-yards and for artillery foundations 
and ibuilding foundations, was another place where they ifigured 
conspicuously. 

In France the French engineers used them at the front for driving^ 
piles for the emplacement of guns. They also came into use when 
temporary bridges were erected and their speedy work was greater 
than would have been possible had the engineers been obliged to resort 
to the old type of drop hammer. 

At the conclusion of the war the French engineers made special 
mention of McKiernan-Terry pile hammers in a report which they 
submitted to this Government. 

In our own country, this apparatus played its part in the war 
period at such places as the great shipyard at Hog Island and other 
large ones 'in the South and on the Pacific Coast, at some of the 
cantonments, quartermasters' terminals, and in many other important 
and necessary projects of the time. 

As a peace-time device, it has played an equally important part 
in the construction of great engineering enterprises throughout the 
world. 

In the building of subways in the United States it has predomin- 
ated. It has played an important part in similar work in Paris, Buenos 
Aires, and Tokyo. 

In the building of dams the call for McKiernan-Terry pile ham- 
mers has come from many large cities in India, South Africa, Siam, 



^17 

n the Murray River in Australia, and such other remote corners as 
^e\v Zealand. 

In the building of highways for transportation, Nome and Fair- 
anks, Alaska, join hands with Cape Town. Through the Strait Set- 
lements into the Jungles of Java, in fact, there is scarcely any place 
1 the world where any important engineering operation has been 
erformed, that ]\IcKieman-Terry pile hammers have not followed 
1 the wake of the engineer. 

Mr. T. E. Sturtevant, long a resident of Rockaway, N. J., has 
een associated with the company since 1900. To his effort is attrib- 
ted the development of the various lines which the company is now 
lanufacturing. Mr. Sturtevant was in charge of the plant for a 
umber of years and also served as an officer of the company. Later 
n he became the company's Chief Engineer, which position he still 
ccupies, as well as that of Treasurer. He is the only one of the orig- 
lal McKiernan Drill Co. officials, who is still active in the organiza- 
ion. 

Mr. A. W. Buttenheim, President, came into the organization 
/ith The Terry Core Drill Co. in 1910. Mr. Buttenheim is Vice-Presi- 
ent of The Frederick Snare Corp., a large and successful engineering 
nd contracting concern in New York. Despite his many duties inci- 
ent to that business, he has been able to give valuable time and atten- 
ion to the interests of the McKiernan-Terry D^rill Co. 

Mr. Buttenheim's brother, Lester H. Buttenheim, from 1910 until 
921 was attached to the sales organization of the company in New 
^ork City, since when he has become Vice-President and Super- 
itendent of the Dover Works. 

Mr. Charles S. Ackley, Secretary, with headquarters in New 
i^ork, and also a Terry Core Drill officer, has been in charge of sales 
ince 1910. 

After Mr. L. H. Buttenheim left the selling organization to 
ssume his duties in Dover, his place was filled in the New York 
ffice by Mr. Earle R. Evans, who is also Assistant Secretary and 
Assistant Treasurer of the Company. 

A word with reference to the employees of the organization may 
lot be amiss. Many of those who started with the company at its 
)over plant in 1900, are still members of the organization. Sev- 
ral have never had employment in any other concern and have grown 
[p and developed there as skilled artisans. Practically 90 per cent. 
if the factory employees are skilled workmen, such as tool makers, 
lattern makers, blacksmiths, machinists, draftsmen, etc. By reason 
if the depressed condition in business, the number of employees at the 
>resent is only about one-half of those engaged in normal times. It 
5 expected, though, that with a betterment in trade conditions, both 
oreign and domestic the number of employees will be much larger 
han at any time in the past. The handiwork of these crafts- 
nen has been attested by mechanical critics both in this country and 
ibroad. This, in itself, is a commentary on a few of Dover's citizens 
n which the town should take pride. 



23^ 

The fact that many of the company's employees have seen service 
for two decades, is proof of the fairness of the company's manage- 
ment toward them. Many of the workers are stockholders in the 
company and it has been a policy of the management to interest all 
those who are able to do so in the purchase of its shares in order 
that they may feel that they haye a real interest in the success and 
prosperity of the McKiernan-Terry Drill Co., and as a safe invest- 
ment for their savings. 

After twenty years of persistent work and the advertising of its 
product, there is no longer any doubt in the minds of a prospective 
buyer as to where the factory of the McKiernan-Terry Drill Co. is 
located. 

Unfortunately the business has suffered in common with all 
others during the post-war adjustment. The peak of prosperity cul- 
minated with 1920, since when business dropped to a point comparable 
with that of 1914. At present there are strong indications of a better 
business tone and, strange though it may seem, the export business has 
taken a new turn and a substantial portion of the output is now going 
to foreign fields. 

There are but three manufacturers in the United States of equip- 
ment of the type made by the McKiernan-Terry Drill Co. and as they 
have no foreign competitor worthy of mention, the export market is 
not only large, but is just beginning to grow. 

The growth of the business bears a close relationship to the 
product which was built in 1900 and that of the present day. Take, for 
instance, the pile hammer line: In 1900 a large McKiernan pile 
hammer weighed but 145 lbs. ; to-day it is not uncommon to find a 
McKiernan-Terry hammer that weighs 13,000 lbs. at work either 
around New York City, London, or in some far-off corner of Asia. 

The company extends credit for assistance rendered by many of 
Dover's citizens and business organizations who have helped to develop 
a growing industry in which it is believed this community must take 
a just pride. 



THE DOWNS-SLATER IRON FOUNDRY, INC. 

Founded 191 1, by John W. Downs and Walter Slater. Located at 
the old Washington Forge, Wharton, N. J. Removed to Dover, to a new 
foundry on Salem street, in September, 1916, for the convenience of 
customers and better railroad facilities. 

The firm consists of John W. Downs, President; Walter Slater, 
Secretary and Treasurer; Charles M. Downs, Vice-President. These are 
the officers and sole owners. 

The company employs eleven molders, one coremaker, two pattern- 
makers, one carpenter, one stenographer, one cupola-tender, four lab- 
orers. 

The raw materials used by the foundry consist of wood from Dover, 



239 

nd from Pennsylvania, pig iron from Pennsylvania and New Jersey, 
ke from New Jersey, flour and linseed oil from Dover. 

The foundry turns out iron grey castings and general jobbing work 
r Dover and vicinity, doing practically all the work of this kind that 
ey require. 

The power employed is electricity. The equipment of our pattern 
op is as good as any between Dover and Newark. 

Transportation of products is by trucks, Central R. R., and Lacka- 
anna R. R. 

Business is improving and growing. This is the only foundry doing- 
neral work in Dover. 

THE FROG AND SWITCH SHOP 

The Frog and Switch Shop of the Delaware, Lackawanna and 
^estern Railroad Company is located at East Dover, N. J. 

At this plant all maintenance of way material such as frogs, cross- 
es, switches, switch stands, etc., are manufactured. In addition to this 
arge amount of metal fence, push cars and hand cars are manufactured 
id gasoline motor cars are repaired and also a large amount of miscel- 
leous other work is turned out at this plant, such as repairs to track 
id tools. All new track tools for the entire Lackawanna System are 
stributed from the store-house in connection with the plant. This 
dustry was moved to Dover in 191 2 from Kingston, Pa., where it was 
)erated from 1899 to 1912. 

The raw material used at this plant consists of steel rail of sections 

correspond with the sections in main track of this company. It is 

irnished by the different rail mills in the Eastern District. In addi- 

)n to this, a large quantity of bar iron and mild steel is used in the 

anufacture of frogs, crossings, and switches. 

The product from this plant is shipped to every point on the Dela- 
are, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, this being the only mainten- 
ice shop of its kind on the system ; and, in fact, there is no other plant 
its kind on any other railroad so extensively engaged in the manu fac- 
te of track material. 

The machinery is largely of special type, in that machine tools used 
ir this class of work must necessarily be very rigid and powerful. 

This machinery is purchased from time to time and the machines 
)w in use in this plant came from practically all parts of the country'. 

The location of this shop is particularly advantageous to the Dela- 
are, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, for the reason that the larger 
)rtion of its output is used on the Eastern end of the road. 

The plant is in the Engineering Department, Mr, A. J. Neafie, 
rincipal Assistant Engineer, being in direct charge of this plant, to- 
other with everything pertaining to maintenance of way. The super- 
sory officer in charge of the plant proper is Mr. C. B. French. The 
her employees consist of six office men. nine blacksmiths, 22 machin- 
ts, 35 helpers to mechanics, and fiye apprentices, making a total of 100 
nployees who are steadily employed the year round. 

The yearly payroll at this shop, for 192 1, was something in excess 



240 

of $140,000.00. During the year 1921. this industry handled material 
shipments, including track tools and other product, worth something 
over $725,000.00. 

Close to the shops are located two hot-houses for growing plants 
to be placed in the station grounds along the line of the road. Between 
48,000 and 50,000 plants are used per annum. 

There is also a concrete post manufacturing plant, where concrete 
posts for use along the right of way are manufactured. At the present 
time it is turning out approximately 240 posts per day. 

C. B. French, General Shop Foreman. , 

IRON MINES— PIG IRON— STEEL 1 

RICHARD MINE 

The Richard Mine, owned by The Tliomas Iron Company, is 
located in Rockaway Township. The property was purchased by the 
present owner on October 30, 1856, and has been in continuous opera- 
tion since 1857. The total production during this period is approxi- 
mately 3.500,000 tons of magnetic iron ore, all of which was shipped 
to the furnaces of The Thomas Iron Company. During the past few 
months the concentrating mill has been modernized under the direction 
of Roche & Stoddard, Consulting Engineers. Upon its completion in 
the near future it will be as modern as any concentating mill in the 
United States. 

In 1918 the adjoining Allen and Teabo Mines, owned by Wharton 
Steel Company, were purchased. Such ore as is found in this property 
will be mined and milled through the plant on the Richard property. 

Note: — This is that mine that Richard B. Faesch advertised for 
sale or rent, in 18 16. described as lying in the Township of Pequan- 
nock, near Mt. Pleasant, adding that "a new whim has lately been 
erected for the purpose of raising the ore with a horse." John Jacob 
Faesch, of Revolutionary times, named this mine after his son, Rich- 
ard. — Ed. 



THE REPLOGLE STEEL COMPANY 
REPLOGLE STEEL COMPANY:— Successors to the Wharton Steel 
Company, organized and incorporated under the laws of the State 
of Delaware, October 30th, 1919. 
HOME OFFICE: — Furnace avenue, Wharton, New Jersey. 
LOCATION OF PLANT :— Wharton, New Jersey. 
■OFFICERS :— 

Chairman of Board, J. Leonard Replogle 

President, Leonard Peckitt 

Vice-President, Charles M. MacNeill 

Vice-President, Lewis P. Ross 

Secretary and Treasurer, S. H. Bell 

Assistant Secretary and Treasurer, E. F. Nickerson 

Auditor, L. R, Dohm 



241 

URNACE PLANT : — The furnace plant consists of tw^o blast fur- 
naces including all necessary auxiliary equipment for economical 
operation. 

OWER USED :— Steam and electricit>'. 

RODUCT : — The product consists of pig iron only. 

ARIETIES: — The various grades of pig iron produced are: Basic, 
Bessemer, Forge, Foundry, Malleable. 

RANSPORTATION :— The plant has excellent railroad facilities, 
being served by the Central Railroad of New Jersey, Delaware, 
Lackawanna and Western and Wharton and Northern Railroad 
Companies. 

PERATIONS : — At the present time only one furnace is l^eing oper- 
ated. 

[INING PROPERTY:— In addition to the furnace plant, the com- 
pany operates a well-developed mine at Replogle Village (Scrub 
Oak), within two miles of the plant itself. Mining operations are 
not being conducted at the present time. 

/HARTON STEEL COMPANY:— Wharton Steel Company, of 
which Replogle Steel Company are successors, was organized and 
incorporated under the laws of the State of New Jersey, Novem- 
ber 8th, 1907. 

•FFICERS : — The officers elected at the first meeting of the directors 

after incorporation were : 
resident, Joseph Wharton Secretary, Harry C. Wenner 

ice-President, J. Bertram Lippincott Treasurer, Harrison S. Morris 

The Jerseyman of August 26, 1922, states that the Replogle Steel 
ompany, which increased its holdings this spring by the purchase of the 
mpire Steel and Iron Company, is now employing 1,000 persons. 

The history of the company prior to the incorporation of the Whar- 
)n Steel Company involves that of the Port Oram Iron Company, New 
srsey Iron Alining Company and several lesser mining and blast fur- 
ace operations, all of which were purchased at different times by 
Dseph Wharton and finally lost their identity through incorporation as 
/harton Steel Company. 

THE WHARTON AND NORTHERN RAILROAD 

The Replogle Company operates the Wharton and Northern Rail- 
Dad, which is a common carrier, having 23)^ miles of main track 
!ctending from Wharton to Green Pond Junction, N. J. This road 
;rves the army and navy arsenal at Picatinny and also has an extensive 
ross-over business in raw material with three important lines. It con- 
ects at Wharton with the D., L. & W. Railroad, at Wharton and Lake 
unction with the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and at Green Pond 
unction with the Erie Railroad. There is also a trackage agreement 
ath the Central Railroad of New Jersey for the operation of trains 
etween Lake Junction and Hopatccjng Junction and in this way the 
last furnaces are connected with the Replogle mine. 



242 



THE NORTH JERSEY STEEL COMPANY 



1. Name and Location: North Jersey Steel Company, incorpo- 
rated June 29, 1920, under the laws of New Jersey. The only plant in 
operation at present is the Beach Glen Mine, located two miles north 
of Rockaway, N. J. The business office of the company is in Dover, in 
the National Union Bank Building. 

2. Officers: H. M. Roche, President and Manager; H. P. Hen- 
derson, Vice-President and Consulting Engineer; W. E. Shaw, Jr., 
Secretary; E. Chegwidden, Assistant Treasurer; J. C. Stoddard, Chief 
Mining Engineer. 

3. Number of employees ranges from 100 to 300, depending upon 
the demand for ore. Class of labor includes Americans, Italians, Span- 
iards, Russians and Slavonians. Principal number of men are employed 
underground and are Russians, Slavonians and Spaniards. 

4. At the present time the average wage paid per man is $3.50 per 
eight-hour day. 

5. Value of year's output depends upon business conditions. 
Average price of iron ore f . o. b. Mines for the past ten years and prior 
to the war was $3.50 per ton; a price of $4.50 per ton may be expected 
at the present time. The output of the mine will range from 50,000 
tons as a minimum to 250,000 tons per years as a maximum. As a by- 
product crushed stone and sand are produced from milling operations, 
and at the present time the selling price f. o. b. Mines is $1.25 per ton 
for crushed rock and $0.80 per ton for the sand size. The tonnage of 
crushed rock will vary from 25,000 to 100,000 tons per annum, and the 
production of the sand size will vary from 50,000 to 150,000 tons per 
annum. 

6. A great variety of machinery, of course, is used in mining and 
concentrating iron ores. The principal manufacturers of mining machin- 
ery are : Ingersoll-Rand Co., Sullivan Machinery Co., Denver Rock 
Drill Co., and the Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. The principal manu- 
facturers of milling machinery are: Traylor Engineering & Mfg. Co.,, 
Stephens-Adamson Mfg. Co., and Dings Magnetic Separator Co. 

7. The product of this company at present is a Bessemer ore run- 
ning 60 per cent, in iron and 0.03 per cent, phosphorus. As by-products 
crushed rock of various sizes and sand are produced. 

8. Concentrated iron ore is sold to a number of blast furnaces in 
Eastern Pennsylvania, ^while the crushed rock and sand are disposed 
of throughout Northern New Jersey to contractors. 

9. At the Beach Glen Mine electric power is used, purchased from 
The New Jersey Power & Light Co., at Dover. 

10. Re-opening of old mines in Northern New Jersey should be- 
of special interest to people of Dover, as Dover is the center of the 
iron ore district in the northern part of the State, and should a number 
of the old mines be re-opened, Dover perhaps would benefit more than 
any other town. The application of better mining methods and the 
very considerable advance in the art of concentrating iron ores has made 
it possible to re-open many of the old mines in the vicinity of Dover 
and operate them with a very considerable profit. 



243 

DEVELOPING NORTH JERSEY IRON ORES 
By E. C. Kreutzberg 

RlCAL D[:VELOPMENT WORK Be^AN IN I912 

Iron ore mines in New Jersey were first worked in 1710 and 
■oni that tir.ie to 1912 mining continued on a more or less intermittent 
;ale with practically no change in methods and without the use of 
lequate etjuipment. Blast furnace men have long known of New 
jrsey iron ores, but it is only since 191 2 that the value of these ores 
id their extent has been fully realized. In the last two years the 
iportance of these ores to eastern blast furnaces has become pro- 
Dunced. the change being due not only to the increased freight rates 
1 Lake Suj^erior ores but also on account of the fact that a consider- 
)le advance in the art of concentrating the iron ores has been made, 
he concentrated ores are now much more desirable, from the fumace- 
an's point of view, than formerly. 

Since pre-revoliitionary days New Jersey has been noted for its 
on mines, although from 1883 to 191 2 production declined, owing to 
e influx of cheap western ores to eastern furnaces. Since 1912 the 
tuation has changed decidedly, as New Jersey concentrated iron ores 
)w can be delivered to eastern furnaces at a considerably lower cost 
an western ores, on account of the introduction of new methods in 
ining Jersey ore deposits and on account of the development of mag- 
?tic ore concentration to a high state of efficiency. Another important 
ictor that helped to revive Jersey iron mining is the very large 
crease in the cost of transporting Lake Superior ores to eastern 
stricts. Quite recently two of the old New Jersey mines have been 
opened, one of these being the Beach Glen mine. The Beach Glen 
Dn ore property, near Rockaway, N. J., was taken over by the North 
irsey Steel Co., July i, 1920, and ore shij^ments from the mine com- 
enced January i, 1921. Diamond drilling disclosed four ore shoots, 
he property is estimated to contain 10.500.000 tons of crude ore as 
illows : One million five hundred thousands tons copper free, low 
losphorous ore ; 3.000,000 tons bessemer ore and 6,000,000 tons non- 
;ssemer ore. 

Location of Property 
The r>each Glen property is located two miles north of the town 

Rockaway, in Morris County. New Jersey. The mine is thirty-eisj[ht 
lies northwest of New York harbor and is in the center of the iron 
e region of the New Jersey highlands. The Hibernia branch of the 
L'ntral Railroad of New Jersey passes within 1,000 feet of the plant 

the mine and rail connection is made through a switch 2.000 feet 
ng. The Beach Glen mine property, controlled by the North Jersey 
:eel Company, is 1.4 miles long by 0.6-mile wide and contains approxi- 
ately 500 acres. The ore shoots extend entirely through the property 

the direction of its longitudinal axis. Beach Glen is one mile 
utheast of the Hibernia mine and the strike of the r)each Glen ore 
parallel with the strilce of the Hibernia shoots. In the same district 

the Mt. Hope mine, owned by the Empire Steel & Iron Comixmy ; 
e Richard mine, owned by the Thomas Iron Co., and the Replogle 
ine owned by the Wharton Steel Company. 



244 I 

History of Beach Glen Mine 

f 
It is probable that this mine was first operated about 1760 as in that ' 

year there was a charcoal forge built at Beach Glen on the borders of 
Beach Glen pond and within 200 feet of where the main Beach Glen 
ore shoot outcropped. This forge continued in operation for many 
years and was dismantled in 1854. The first mining work of record 
was in 1808 when the surface was stripped and the ore excavated for a 
depth of a fev/ feet. It is not known how long work continued at 
that time but the place was shortly after abandoned and was reopened 
in 1S51. At that time the ore was taken from two shafts one on the 
southwest edge of the hill and the other 400 feet farther northeast, 
both openings being made on the same ore shoot. There is no record 
as to whether or not the mine was worked continuously from 185 1 to 
1868, but in the latter year it was operated and continued in operation 
until 1875 when work was again stopped. The mine was reopened in 
1879 and ore taken from two ore shoots. The mine then closed down 
in September, 1885, and was reopened in 1896, being operated continu- 
ously up to 1900. In 1901 the mine was reopened and a three-com- 
partment shaft was sunk to a depth of 460 feet. The shaft was in 
ore all the way and ore also was hoisted from small stopes through 
this shaft. In 1903 the mine closed down and had not been worked 
up to July, 1920, when the North Jersey Steel Company took over 
the property. 

The early work at the mine was mostly confined to the western- 
most ore shoot from which a bessemer grade of ore was produced. 
The total production of this mine up to 1920 was approximately 
200,000 tons. The mine was formerly worked at periods of good 
times and when the price of iron ores was high. As is the case at all 
New Jersey mines, the ores must be concentrated before shipment 
to furnaces and in the early days the only method by which these ores 
were prepared for market was by hand-cobbing. The early miners 
had practically no machinery and as long as activities were confined 
to hand-drilling and hand-cobbing, the mines could only be worked 
when the price of ore was extremely high. In recent years, however, 
conditions have changed so that New Jersey iron ores now may be 
•mined, prepared for market and delivered to consuming furnaces in 
eastern Pennsylvania at a lower cost than iron ores from any other 
source. 

Leonard Peckitt, president of the Empire Steel & Iron Co., prob- 
ably was the first to realize the importance of modernizing operations 
:at the New Jersey mines. The Empire Steel & Iron Co. had operated 
the Mount Hope and Oxford mines from 1899 to 19 12 by practically 
the same methods that had been used for the past 100 years. In 1912, 
Mr. Peckitt employed Wilkens & Devereaux, of New York, as con- 
gulting mining engineers for the Mount Hope and Oxford mines. He 
agreed to a scheme presented by the engineers for modernizing the 
mine at an expenditure of several hundred thousand dollars. H. M. 
Roche, now president of the North Jersey Steel Co., was given active 



245 

:harge of this work and was superintendent at Mount Hope in charge 
)f construction and development work and in charge of mining for a 
period of five years. The excellent results obtained by Mr. Roche at 
his mine no doubt were among the principal factors that influenced 
[. Leonard Replogle to purchase the old Wharton Steel Co. properties 
n 1917. 

Mines Are Consolidated 

In 1916. the Beach Glen mine and the two adjoining properties 
cnown as the Misel and Cobb tracts, were consolidated by ^Ir. Roche, 
rhe Beach Glen mine was then unwatered, surveyed and the ore shoots 
:horoughly sampled. Concentration tests were made on the ore and 
:he property was at that time diamond drilled. The work of unwater- 
ng. sampling and diamond drilling covered a period of ten months and 
kvas concluded shortly after Mr. Replogle bought the Wharton Steel 
3o. properties. Mr. Replogle. after acquiring the WTiarton. properties, 
Dft'ered the position of general superintendent of mines to Mr. Roche, 
ivho accepted, as financing a mining property such as Beach Glen in 
ivar times seemed to ofifer considerable difficulty. Mr. Roche 
remained with the W'harton Steel Co. for a period of two and one-half 
^•ears, during which time he developed the Replogle mine, constructed 
the surface plant and built and operated the concentration mills at that 
mine. On January i, 1920, Mr. Roche severed his connection with the 
W'harton Steel Co. and immediately took up the development of the 
Deach Glen property. 

The Xew Jersey iron mining industry owes a great deal to the 
work of Mr. Roche. He has always been enthusiastic about the possi- 
bilities of the iron ore deposits of northern New Jersey, and in his 
nine years' work as superintendent of the Mount Hope and Replogle 
mines and as consulting engineer for the Richard mine, has introduced 
many changes in the mining and milling methods and has been signally 
successful in producing large tonnages at low cost. The prominence 
the Xew Jersev iron ore.deposi's have recently attained is partly due 
to the efforts of Mr. Roche to place them on their proper footing. 
Considerable credit, however, should go to Leonard Peckitt of the 
Empire Steel & Iron Co., to W. A. Barrows, Jr., of the Thomas Iron 
Co.. and to J. Leonard Replogle of the Replogle Steel Co. New Jersey 
will ever owe a debt to these men for re-establishing her iron mining 
industry, as this has been accomplished principally by their vision 
and energy. 

The ore of the New Jersey deposits is almost wholly magnetite. 
In two of the mines operating at present hematite is found mixed 
with the magnetite. Magnetite occurs in the gneisses of pegmatites and 
limestones, but the ore bodies associated with the gneisses thus far 
have proved the most important and valuable. The gneisses of the 
New Jersey highlands consist of approximately parallel layers of 
diflPerent varieties of gneiss, all of which present a more or less well- 
defined linear structure in the arrangement of their constituents. The 
layers of gneiss generally strike northeast, dip steeply to the southeast 



246 

' and pitch to the northeast at low angles of from 10 to 20 degrees. The 
ore occurs in the gneiss as layers, some of the ore layers being roughly 
elliptical in shape while others are of tubular form. The ore layers 
are locally called ore bodies, lenses, veins or shoots, the latter desig- 
nation being most commonly used. The ore shoots are all conformable 
to the enclosing gneiss, one peculiarity of both the gneisses and ore 
shoots being their uniform pitch at low angles to the northeast. 

At the Beach Glen mine there are four parallel shoots of ore, 
three of which are being developed at the present time. The series 
of ore shoots dip with the dip of the associated gneiss and pitch parallel 
to the pitch of their structure, the ore shoots having well-defined top 
and bottom limits. The rock overlying the shoots is called the top 
rock and that underneath the ore the bottom rock. The ore shoots vary 
considerably in width and height but along their strike they persist 
for unknown distances. In fact, there is no known case where any 
ore shoot has been found to die out or become smaller in the direction 
along its strike. In some cases the downward course of the! ore shoots 
is interrupted by faults, but the faults are all later than the ore 
deposits and cannot permanently terminate them. In all cases where 
an adequate amount of development work has been done in search of 
faulted ore shoots, the continuations have been found. At the Hiber- 
nia mine, one mile northwest of the Beach Glen mine, the Hibernia ore 
shoot was worked for a distance of 8,500 feet on its strike with no 
variation in size or value of the ore. Authorities state that there is 
about 200,000,000 tons of present day commercial iron ore in northern 
New Jersey, of which 90 per cent is within the boundaries of Morris 
County. About 75 per cent, of the known ore reserves in Morris 
County is controlled by four companies, as follows : North Jersey 
Steel Co., 10.000,000 tons; Empire Steel & Iron Co., 20.000,000 tons; 
the Thomas Iron Co., 15,000,000 tons; Replogle Steel Co., 90,000,000 
tons, or a total of 135,000,000 tons. 

Preparation of Ores for Market 

The bulk of the ores in northern New Jersey range from 35 to 50 
per cent, in iron content in their natural state, and, therefore, must be 
concentrated before shipment to blast furnace plants. All of the ores 
which are being mined at the present time are magnetic, with the 
exception of ores mined at the Replogle and Ringwood mines. At both 
these mines about 30 per cent, of the iron in the crude ore is hematite, 
the balance being magnetite. The method of concentration is crush- 
ing, sizing and separation by magnetic separators, except at the Rep- 
logle and Ringwood mills where magnetic separation is supplemented 
by means of tables or jigs. On an average the grade of the ores is 
raised by concentration to 60 per cent, in iron, while a large percentage 
of the silica and phosphorus in the crude ore is eliminated. 

The ores generally are crushed to a 2-inch size or smaller before 
concentration is commenced, and the concentrated ore is in such 
physical condition that it can be readily used at furnaces. The moisture 
in the concenerated ore as shipped is negligible as most of the ores are 
dried before milling. The concentrate resulting from magnetic concen- 



247 

tration contains practically no moisture, does not freeze in cars and 
is shipped the year round from the mines to the furnaces. 

Another advantage in concentrating the ores is the fact that 
freight rates are paid per ton on an exceptionally high grade iron ore 
containing 60 or more units of iron and but very little moisture, while 
Lake Superior ores as shipped are generally from 5 to 12 per cent, 
lower in iron per ton and in many cases contain 10 per cent, or more 
moisture. i)n account of their excessive moisture content consider- 
able difficulty is experienced through freezing of ore in cars or on 
stock piles in cold weather, a difficulty which is not had with New 
Jersey concentrated ores. 

Within a radius of 250 miles of the iron ore mines of Morris 
County are 37 blast furnace plants. These blast furnace plants, with 
a total of 89 stacks, consume annually 12,000.000 tons of iron ore 
when running at full capacity. INIost of the iron ore used by these 
blast furnaces is obtained from the Lake Superior region or from 
foreign countries. Freight rates on Lake Superior ores to eastern 
Pennsylvania blast furnaces are extremely high as compared to freight 
rates from northern Xew Jersey mines to the same furnaces. In view 
of the freight differential in favor of New Jersey ores, it has been 
said that this one factor alone should restore New Jersey ores to favor. 
For instance, where in the past an eastern Pennsylvania blast furnace 
plant had been consuming 250.000 tons of Lake Superior ores per 
annum and found that at the present time it could replace this tonnage 
with New Jersey concentrated ore, the saving to the furnace would 
"be over half a million dollars annually in freight charges on such 
replacement of iron ores. 

Concentrating the Ore 

The improved methods of concentration now employed make it 
possible to market Jersey ores in competition wMth those imported from 
Cuba and Chile and those from the Lake Superior region. High 
freight rates which handicap the distribution of lake ore to eastern fur- 
naces, have been an incentive in developing the North Jersey mines. 

In the latter part of 1920, an experimental magnetic concentrating 

mill with a capacity of 100 tons per day was erected at Beach Glen, 
and shipments of concentrate were made to two furnace plants. After 
shipments had gone forward for two months from the small mill to 
the furnaces, work was started on a concentrating mill with a capacity 
of 1.500 tons of crude ore per day. Shipments from the experimental 
-mill have been kept up steadily to furnaces until the present time, but 
this mill has been dismantled as the large mill now is completed and 
in operation. 

The first step taken in designing the large concentrating mill was the 
-construction of a model of the proposed mill shown in Fig. 8. The 
model was built on a scale of i inch to i foot. All machines and 
equipment were built into the model, shafting put up and belts placed 
from shafting to machines. The model was found most useful during 
Ihe erection of the mill and there were no corrections to be made nor 



248 

remodeling of the mill or rearrangement of equipment after the mill' 
was completed. In building the model attention was given to safe-j 
guarding all moving machinery and details of this part of the work 
were so well worked out that the department of labor of the state of 
New Jersey requested the model be given them to be' placed on perma- 
nnt exhibition at the department of labor building, 571 Jersey avenue, 
Jersey City, N. J. 

In general, the new Beach Glen mill, as shown in Fig. 9 differs 
from other magnetic mills treating similar ore in that it has about 
60 per cent, less floor area than other mills of equal capacity, and that 
in treatment the entire run of mine crude ore, after passing the first 
crusher, is given a thorough washing before further treatment. This 
is clearly indicated in Fig. 7. After washing the ore is classified as 
"coarse ore," that is, plus % and minus 2 inches in size, and as "fine 
ore" or minus J4 inch in size. The coarse material, or plus 54 inch, 
is further screened into two sizes as follows: Plus ^ and minus ^ 
in. and plus ^ and minus 2 ins. The fine material or minus ^4 in. size, is 
further screened into two sizes as follows: Minus % inch and plus 
20 mesh, and minus 20 mesh. The two coarse sizes are treated on 
dry drum separators, shown in Fig. 11, where concentrate and mid- 
dling is made. The middling then is discharged on to high intensity 
pulley type machines where the pure rock is thrown off as tailing and 
the middling made by these machines sent to rolls, show;n in Fig. 10, 
to be recrushed and then further treated. There are two closed crush- 
ing circuits in the mill. The ore as it comes into the mill is first 
crushed by a 24 x 36-inch jaw crusher and elevated to a trommel 
screen with ^ and 2-inch round screen openings. The oversize from 
the 2-inch screen is sent to an 8-inch gyratory crusher and the crushed 
ore from the gyratory sent back through the trommel again until all 
the ore has first passed either a ^ or 2-inch screen opening before 
going to the separating machines. After the middling from the high 
intensity pulley-type machines is recrushed, it is elevated to the top' 
of the mill and discharged over vibrating screens with 34 -inch square- 
screen openings, the oversize from these screen being returned to the 
rolls until all the middling has been crushed to pass a Y^-mch. screen 
opening and is joined to the minus 34"inch material which was in the- 
original feed to the mill and which was first washed in the trommel 
and later screened through ^-inch screens. The minus ^-inch and plus. 
20 mesh size is treated upon wet magnetic drum separators and the- 
minus 20 mesh material is treated by water concentration sand tables. 
The wet magnetic drums and sand tables make concentrate and tailing' 
only. 

Avoids Evils of Drying 

Heretofore magnetic ores have first been dried by means of tower- 
dryers and all the ore has been separated upon dry magnetic machines.. 
These ores either have to l^e dried before separation or the fine ores 
treated on wet machines with additional water added because the run 
of mine ore, or minus y^-inzh size, contains so much moisture that it 



249 

is too sticky to be concentrated in its natural condition. The objection 
to drying ores is that a tremendous amount of dust is created in the 
mill which is not only injurious to mill operators but is the cause of 
considerable loss of operating time due to the breakdown of equipment. 
It also is difficult to obtain first class mill men to work in dusty mills. 
Another objection to all dry concentration is that each individual piece 
of ore becomes coated with dust which contains phosphorus and the 
resulting concentrate is lower in iron and higher in silica and phos- 
phorus than if washed before treatment. Generally concentrate made 
in dry mills ranges between 56 and 58 per cent, in iron while in mills 
where the ore is washed before treatment and the fine ores separated 
Dn wet machines, the concentrate will be found to range from 62 to 67 
per cent, in iron. This grade of ore is more desired by furnace men 
ind the freight rate per unit of iron is reduced by shipping a higher 
2^rade ore. 

Designers Are Named 

The 48-inch by 42-foot pan conveyor was built by Stephens-Adam- 
)0n Mfg. Co., Aurora, 111., as were the belt conveyors. The gyratory 
:rusher was manufactured by the Traylor Engineering' & Mfg. Co., 
\llentown. Pa. The magnetic separators were built by the Dings Mag- 
netic Separator Co., Milwaukee. 

All mill equipment is driven by a 200-horsepower induction motor, 
except the trommel screen and elevators which are driven by a 5ohorse- 
)ower induction motor. The 200-horsepower unit was built by the 
A^'estinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh, and the 50-horsepower 
notor by the General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. The 3-phase, 
)0-cycle current is delivered to the motors at 2300 volts. The vibrat- 
ng screens take current at 440 volts. The direct current for the 
nagnetic separators is generated by a 280-ampere, 125-volt, motor 
generator set built by the General Electric Co. In the mill and from 
ailway cars to the mill "heavy parts are handled by 5-ton, hand-operated 
iranes manufactured by the Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 

The mill has been built to handle bessemer ore although non-bes- 
lemer or low phosphorus ores can be treated equally as well, the general 
reatment applying to any of the three grades of ore found in the 
nine. Plans for a smaller mill for the separate treatment of low phos- 
)horus ores now are being made, and it is expected that the low 
)hosphorus mill will be built at once. The new Beach Glen mill has 
. capacity of approximately 1000 tons of concentrate per 24 hours 
.nd the low phosphorus mill will have a capacity of 300 tons of 
oncentrate per day. 

While the experimental mill was in operation, the different Beach 
jlen ores were concentrated so as to determine the grades of concen- 
rate which will be placed on the market. Partial analyses of the three 
jades of Beach Glen concentrated ore appear in the accompanying 
able. 



2S0 

General Surface Plant 

Electric power for the entire Beach Glen operation is purchased 
from the New Jersey Power & Light Co. and is delivered at 2300 
volts. A transformer station has been built at the mine where the 
current is stepped down from 33,000 to 2300 volts. Two Ingersoll- 
Rand 22 x 13 x 16-inch electrically driven air compressors with a 
total capacity of 2400 cubic feet of air per minute are in use at the 
present time. A blacksmith and drill sharpening shop has been built on 
the surface near the inclined shaft collar. This shop has been equipped 
with drill sharpeners and coke forges for heating steel built by the 
I nger soil-Rand Co. Later this shop will be moved underground to 
do away with the transfer of steel. A steam heating plant consisting 
of one 150-horsepower locomotive-type boiler has been erected and 
the entire surface plant is heated with steam at 25 pounds pressure. 
A well equipped warehouse is established at the mine and the mine 
offices are in the same building. Considerable attention is paid to 
safety features and to the welfare of employees. The success of 
this work is demonstrated by the fact that the North Jersey Steel 
Co. has built up an efficient organization. 

For data given in this article the writer is indebted to the admin- 
istrative and operating offices of the North Jersey Steel Co., Harry 
M. Roche, president and manager; Joseph P. Stampher, underground 
superintendent; Jesse C. Stoddard, chief mining engineer, and Arthur 
C. Noble, master mechanic. 

The preceding extracts are from The Iron Trade Reviezv of No- 
vember 10, 17, 1921, published at Cleveland, Ohio. 

ANALYSES OF ORES 

Low Phosphorus Ore 

Per cent. 

Iron 65.00 

Silica 5.00 

Phosphorus 0.006 

Limte 0.56 

Alumina 1,71 

Magnesia ,. 0.98 

Copper 0.00 

Sulphur o.oi 

Titanium 0.13 

Vanadium , 0.14 

Chromium o.oi 

Moisture 0.68 

Bessemer Ore 

Iron 63.00 

Silica 8.20 

Phosphorus 0.04 

Lime 0.78 



251 

Alumina 1.25 

Magnesia 1.12 

Copper 0.00 

Sulphur 0.05 

Titanium 0.16 

\'anacliuni 0.13 

Chromium O.02 

Moisture 0.71 

Nonbessemer Ore 

Iron 58.CXD 

Silica 10.00 

Phosphorus 0.25 

Lime 0.68 

Alumina 2.38 

Magnesia i . 10 

Copper 0.00 

Sulphur 0.03 

Titanium o. 1 2 

\^anadium 0.14 

Chromium o.oi 

Moisture 0.80 



PART VIII 
Transportation 



253 
STAGE COACH DAYS 

Opposite the Free Methodist Church in Dover is a little shoe 
shop in which William L. Guise is active. The other day Mr. 
'Guirie produced a copy of The Jerseyman of January i6, 1833. 
The paper is in tatters. The editor was C. Robbins, and the print- 
er, G. W. Glason. The editor will take firewood in payment of 
subscriptions. The motto of the newspaper, was "We hold this 
truth to be self-evident; that all men are created equal." 

A schedule adopted by the "Western Line of Stages," reads: 

"New arrangement of the Western Line of Stages daily ex- 
•cept Sundays. This line of stages \vill leave Joseph L Roy's Steam- 
boat Hotel, Jersey City, on Monday, Wednesday and Friday morn- 
ing at three o'clock A. M. by way of Newark, Chatham, Morris- 
town, Suckasunny Plains, Stanhope, Newton and Augusta for 
Milford. 

"On Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday by the way of Pater- 
son, Pompton, Newfoundland, Hamburgh, Deckertown, to Milford, 
Avhere the two lines connect and run six times a week through 
Canaan, Carbondale, DundaflF, Montrose to Owego and from thence 
through Ithaca to Geneva daily. 

"At Newton this line interests a line of stages running 
through Easton to Philadelphia, etc. 

THE HOUNDS AND HORN: Newark Four Corners, 1790. 

D'ye see that sign on the corner there, 

A sign no man would scorn? — 
It swings from its post, our pride and boast, 

The sign of The Hounds and Horn ! 
You'll see the hunters on horseback, 

The hounds and the fox forlorn. 
And that's the sign where we shall dine, 

The sign of The Hounds and Horn ! 

It's a long, long run from Trenton town, 

We started fresh at morn : 
But I tell you. lad, we'll all be glad 

To stop at The Hounds and Horn ! 
There man and heast will be cared for, 

Though hungry, weary, and worn : 
For that's the sign where we shall dine. 

The sign of The Hounds and Horn ! 

CHORUS — So blow now, to show now we're dashing into town, 
And we shall find tliere the best of fare. 
Such is mine host's renown! 

From unpublished 'Toems of Newark" by Charles D. Piatt. 



254 

THE MORRIS CANAL 

The basin of the Morris Canal was once crowded with canal boats, 
as they stopped in Dover over Sunday, so that a boy could run all 
over the basin, jumping from boat to boat, as some may remember. 
The old freight house was the busy center of transportation. The 
boathouse of William Pragnall was the repair shop for boats of the 
line. Navigation by water from Easton to Jersey City (102 miles) 
opened a great avenue of commercial prosperity to this landlocked 
village. 

But speedy railroads have now supplanted the slow canal. The 
towpath yields to the steel rail. Schemes for canal abandonment are 
now debated pro and con at greater length than can here be quoted. 
It is hard for some of us to follow the details of the Roegner Bill and 
the Parry Bill as discussed in our Legislature or the proceedings of 
the Court in adjusting the points in dispute between the State and the 
Lehigh Railroad. 

Future uses for an abandoned canal right of way are planned. 
Lake Hopatcong and Dover, it is said, would be the gainers if the 
canal were abandoned. The interests of Lake Hopatcong as a sum- 
mer resort seem paramount. Riparian rights are afifected by any 
changes in the .level of the lake waters. Seepage from the canal 
creates a financial problem, if the canal should be maintained. 

The Morris Canal has become a Rip Van Winkle affair. 

EARLY DAYS OF THE MORRIS & ESSEX RAILROAD 

The Morris and Essex Division was originally a railroad all by 
itself with a charter of its own granted by the State Legislature of 
1835. Its intention, as its name indicates, was to run through Morris 
and Essex counties to Newark. When the trains reached Newark the 
passenger cars were hitched to horses and drawn down Broad street 
to the Centre street depot of the New York and Philadelphia Railroad. 
This, however, was an improvement which did not come into effect 
until 1840; in '39 there was no connection at all and passengers were 
transferred in stages from one depot to another. The New York and 
Philadelphia Railroad was able to make the distance from city to city 
in six hours — ^fifteen miles an hour being a good rate of speed for 
trains in those days. 

The first train that ran over the Morris and Essex tracks made the 
trip on an October day in 1837. Tlie maker of the first engine — Mr. 
Seth Boyden, whose statue is now in Washington Park in Newark — 
ran the train himself and Mr. Myers of Newark acted as conductor. 
The train passed through Summit at two o'clock in the afternoon and 



oil may imagine the interest it occasioned to the few people who 
nade up the population then. It ran to Madison only, for the road 
vas not finished to Morristown until later. When it arrived in Madison 
,nd the first passengers were unloaded, a group of Morristown and 
dadison people who had gathered there for the purpose of a ride 
^rere loaded on and carried back to Newark. 

From Newark to Bottle Hill — or Madison — was the limit of the 
cad in the fall of '^y, when it was extended first to Morristown, 
hen to Dover, then Hackettstown, then to Phillipsburg. 

At first there was but one track and the original cars were al)Out 
lS big as horse cars — say twenty feet long. The road bed was made 
>y laying down two logs lengthwise of the track with timers fastened 
Tosswise over these. Then another piece of wood was laid on this 
)ed for a sleeper and on this astrap of iron about a half inch thick 
nd three inches wide was spiked fast. Every day a man was obliged 
o walk the track and drive down the spikes, which would work out 
)ecause of the jar from the trains. Even in spite of such precautions 
t was not unusual for an end to get loose and curl up as a passing 
rain caught the end of the strap and the end would protrude through 
he floor of the car in a "snake head," endangering the lives of the 
)assengers. 

Only wood was burned for the engine fires and green wood at 
hat. Often, as the train climbed the hill to Summit from Millburn. the 
;team would give out, and then woe to the rail fences, for the firemen 
:arried good axes. 

It was no uncommon thing for the engines to jump the tracks 
vhen rounding the many curves of the road; but as they were going 
;o slow there was little damage done to anything except the patience 
)f the travelers, who were obliged to sit still and wait or get out 
ind stroll about, looking at the scenery for a couple of hours until 
:he train crew "got her on" again and rang up the passengers from 
:heir excursions after flowers or huckleberries. If any of the pas- 
sengers were in a hurry they were apt to fume and blow up the train- 
nen and swear at the railroad, but all hands were used to that. After 
ill. what did it matter if one did arrive at ^Morristown an hour or so 
ater than usual ! 

There were no freight trains before about 1845 and coal cars 
ivere not put on until later than that. There was no coal brought 
lere by the railroad and sold by the ton 'intil 1861. 

The Fir.st Collision 
It was in January, 1850, about a mile east of Summit station, at 
about five o'clock in the afternoon, that the first collision occurred on 
this road. The "Double Driver" engines had just begun to be used; 
but only on the freight trains. The freight from New York was to 
lie over at Millburn (there was but one track then) until the passenger 
train had passed it. The time permitted for waiting had already 
gone by and the freight had the right of way to Summit; but the 



256 

passenger train from Morristown had not yet gone by. It had been 
held at Chatham to accommodate some lawyers who were trying a 
case of damages for killing a cow, and as there was no other train to 
New York that day, then had persuaded the passenger train's con- 
ductor to disobey orders and wait for them. When they started down 
to Millburn the freight had started up. I was watching the two trains 
as I saw them rounding their opposite curves and heading for each 
other, and my sensations can be better imagined than talked about. 

The freight's large engine just "scooped up" the light little pas- 
senger locomotive and the latter went climbing the freight's smoke- 
stack, which was twelve or fifteen feet high. Fortunately there were 
but few passngers and no one was badly hurt; but it took three days 
to clear the tracks, and the lawyers make little haste by their efforts 
to catch ,that train, as they had to walk back to the station and get 
down to Newark the best way they could. 

Time Tables 

The original time table between Morristown and Newark and 
New York shows that two trains left in each direction every day. The 
one at 6:45 a. m. from Morristown arrived in New York about a 
quarter before ten. There was another train dow^n in the afternoon 
at a quarter before three. Tbe afternoon train up from New York 
which left at 4 p. m., arrived in Morristown at 7 in the evening. 
Yet there seem to have been brave souls even then, for the' commuta- 
tion rates were given as $100 a year. 

The time table given in the Neiv Jersey Eagle of August 3, 1841, 
just seventy-two years ago (from which it appears that this article 
was written in 191 3) explained that "by this arrangement of trains, 
one could leave Morristown in time for both Philadelphia trains, 
one leaving at a quarter before ten in the morning and one at half 
past five in the afternoon." Thus it may be seen that the journey from 
Morristown to Philadelphia could be made by all rail in about nine 
hours. 

This was a decided improvement upon "Scotch Johnnie's" boat 
trip from New York to Philadelphia some fifty years before, which was 
at all times dependent upon "wind and weather." It went by the way 
of Newark Bay and the Delaware River, and the route was advertised 
as ''generally drier than the route between New Brunswick and 
Trenton." 

The rates of fare on the Morris and Essex Railroad were as fol- 
lows : 

To N. Y. To Newark 

Morristown 10 shillings 8 shillings 

Madison 8s 6d 6s 

Chatham 7s 6s 

Summit 6s 4s 

Millville (Millburn) 5s 3s 

S. Orange 4s 6d 2s 

JM. Orange 3s 6d is 6d 

From a newspaper clipping. Writer not known. 



^17 

THE LACKAWANNA RAILROAD 

Mr. Charles E. Mill, ticket agent at Dover, has furnished the fol- 
owing facts about the Lackawanna Railroad in its relation to Dover. 

The railroad distance from Dover to Hoboken by the Lackawanna, 
ormerly known as the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, 
s forty miles, the average of the Paterson branch and the Morris & 
issex division, for Dover has the use of two routes to New York. 

Dover has about 225 commuters to New York and about 100 way 
:ommuters. Fares to New York at present are: Commutation, $13.94 
L month; 50-trip family ticket, $41.32; lo-trip ticket, $10.37; excur- 
ion ticket, $2.84. 

The number of the Lackawanna employees living in Dover is 
ipproximately 425 to 450 persons ; probably more when business is 
^ood. 

Passenger Service 

Dover commuters can reach New York in one hour. Trains are 
un at convenient hours for those who work in New York. Several 
^'estern trains stop at Dover on flag ; in fact, only one train in each 
iirection goes through without stopping. 

Westward trains pass through Hackettstown and Washington to 
^hillipsburg and Easton. Eastbound trains by way of Boonton pass 
hrough Rockaway, Mountain Lakes, Boonton, Paterson, Passaic ; by 
I'ay of Morristown they pass through Summit, the Oranges, Newark. 
Vestem sleeping cars and coaches are operated to Cleveland, Detroit, 
'hicago in connection with the Wabash and Nickel Plate Roads, 
{.educed fares are arranged to Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, St. Paul, 
Cansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, 
Jeattle, Portland. 

The Chester, Sussex and Phillipsburg branches have good serv- 
:e to and from Dover for both freight and passengers. 

Freight Service 

Freight rates to tide-water are reasonable, so that Dover is an 
deal location for export shipments. Our proximity to Port Morris 
:ives easy connection with the Lehigh and Hudson Railroad, which, 
1 turn, has extremely good connections with the entire New England 
erritory. 

At Buffalo the Lackawanna connects with all boat lines on the 
jreat Lakes, as well as with every western point. 

Carloads from Dover to New York reach New York the morning 
oUowing the loading. 

The Lackawanna publishes a schedule of through merchandise. 

Service from all Greater New York and New Jersey stations to 
'rincipal distributing centers, showing the time taken en route, 
•"reight from Dover is scheduled as follows: arriving at Scranton 
econd morning; Detroit, third morning; Chicago, fourth morning; 
Cansas City, sixth morning; Denver, ninth morning; San Francisco, 
5th morning. 



258 

C. A. Arentzen is General Eastern Freight Agent, at 302 Broad- 
way, New York City; W. F. Griffitts, Passenger Traffic Manager; 
J. G. Bray, Division Passenger Agent, Newark, N. J- ; E. M. Rine, 
General Manager, 90 \A'est Street, New York City; W. H. Truesdale, 
President, 90 West Street, New York City. 

THE CENTRAL RAILROAD CO^IPANY OF NEW JERSEY 

The Central Railroad Company of New Jersey enters Dover over 
the Dover & Rockaway Railroad, a leased line, which was incorporated 
in 1880 and opened for traffic in the following year. 

This road, built primarily as a connection between the Longwood 
Valley Railroad, which was controlled by the Central, and the Hibernia 
Mine Railroad, was organized by George Richards, Columbus Beach 
and Henry McFarlan of Dover and other men from New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania and Massachusetts who were interested in the iron 
mines of the vicinity. 

The primary object of this road and the other roads and branches 
now forming the High Bridge Branch of the Central was to carry 
the iron ore to the furnaces at High Bridge and in the Lehigh Valley 
in Pennsylvania for use with the P^ennsylvania ores. 

From the commencement of carrying iron ore, this railroad has 
Droved a valuable addition in transporting freight by reason of the 
traffic interchange arrangement with every other trunk line reaching 
tidewater at New York, enabling shippers or receivers of freight at 
Dover and vicinity to secure fast freight service in connection with 
the Pennsylvania Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio R. R., New York Cen- 
tral R. R.', Lehigh Valley R. R., Erie R. R., Ontario & Western, and 
all the New England lines, with equally expeditious service to and 
from points in the South via the Virginia gateways as well as the Ohio 
River gateways. This means that a shipper of freight at Dover desir- 
ing to forward traffic in connection with the C. R. R. of N. J. and 
New York Central, for example, to Chicago and beyond, can do so 
at current through rates. These advantages are fully appreciated and 
recognized by the large number of industries located on the New Jersey 
Central and are some of the reasons for their being so located. It 
should also be an inducement in encouraging new and additional indus- 
tries to locate in Dover. 

The passenger service maintained by the New Jersey Central 
.Railroad is fully adequate to take care of the business tributary to 
Dover reached via its lines, offering convenient trains to do business 
in Dover and return home the same day at suitable hours. It affords 
direct connection without transfer from one station to another between 
Dover and othqr points in central and southern New Jersev as well 
'as connections for Philadelphia and points in eastern and" central Penn- 
sylvania. 



259 

THE MORRIS COUNTY TRACTION COMPANY 

One of the industries closely relatin;^ to the growth of I3over and 
ncinity is the Morris County Traction Company. 

This Company was incorj)oratecl on June 13th. 1899, with the 
■ollowing officers aiid directors for the first year : Rohert I). Foote, 
President; George W. Stickles. \'ice-President ; R. I). Moriarity, Secre- 
ary, and John H. Capstick. 

From the date of incorporation until June, 1903. efforts were con- 
;tantly made hy officers to secure consents an.d rights of way. The 
irst franchise granted was hy the Council of Dover in August, 1903. 
rhis was followed by franchises from the liorough of Rockaway in 
904. In April, 1904, agreement was reached for the constructicjn of a 
)ridge or viaduct on Blackwell street, Dover. Records indicate that the 
:onstruction of the line through Rockaway Township, Rockaway Bor- 
)ugh, Dover and Wharton was completed about June 15th, 1905. 

The first car Vv'as operated in Dover on July ist, 1904. from the 
--ackawanna crossing on Blackwell street, Dover, to the Company's car 
)arns at East Dover. The earnings for the first day of operation were 
;8o.oo. 

From June, 1905, to late in 1908, the activities of the Company 
onsisted in the operation of the line from Rockaway Township to 
.Vharton, the acquiring of franchises and construction in various munici- 
)alities, so that at the close of 1909. the road was operating from Eliza- 
)eth and Maplewood to Summit; from Police Headquarters in Morris- 
own along Speedwell avenue to Morris Plains ; from Denville through 
Rockaway and Dover to Wharton. About this time a lack of finances 
)revented the continuation of construction. A new interest took up the 
vork and during the years 1909, 19 10 and 191 1 connected up the various 
ines, putting in throu-h operation from Elizabeth and Maplewood to 
^Vharton and Lake Hopatcong. 

F^rom June 20th, 1910, until December, 1919, Mr. Henry R. Rea 
vas President; Joseph K. Choate, Vice-President; O. G. Schultz, Secre- 
ary and Treasurer. On the death of Mr. Rea, in 1919. Mr. Joseph K. 
Choate succeeded to the office of President; C. I. Shannon, Vice-Presi- 
lent ; and O. G. Schultz remained Secretary and Treasurer. The same 
joard of Directors and officers continue in office at the present time. 

The Company maintains its repair shop and division office at East 
)over and practically all the employees are residents of Dover and vicin- 
ty. At the present time, the Company employs at its Dover j)lant sev- 
nty (70) men as dispatchers, motormen. conductors and inspectors, 
n its Alechanical Department eighteen (18) men; in its Track l)cpart- 
nent, from twelve (12) to twenty-four (24) men. 

There were 42,716 passengers carried from July ist. 1904 to June 
5th, 1905; and from January ist, 1921 to December 31st, 1921 there 
i^ere 7,642,997 passengers carried. 

The Company is oi)erating a half -hourly schedule at its present 
ime on its Main line as follows: Wharton, Dover, Rockaway, Mount 



2DO 

Tabor, Denville, Morris Plains, Morristown, Convent, Madison, Chat- 
ham, Summit, Springfield, Millburn to Maplewood. The Company 
operates the following connecting lines: From Dover to Mine Hill, 
Kenvil, Succasunna, Ledgewood and Landing; from Denville through 
Mountain Lakes to Boonton; from Morristown through Morris Plains 
to State Hospital; from Springfield Junction through Union to Eliza- 
beth. A fifteen minute service is maintained from Rockaway to Whar- 
ton, from Morristown to Morris Plains and from Summit to Maple- 
wood. At Maplewood connection is made with the Public Service Rail- 
way, so that people living along the Main line of the Morris County 
Traction Company can reach Newark and Elizabeth with one change. 

The Company in its early operation met with considerable opposi- 
tion; but in the late years, due to the service given and the necessity 
thereof, the early opposition has been entirely obliterated. 

Invested capital, $4,479,000, 

ODDS AND ENDS 

OLD ACCOUNT BOOK FOUND IN RAFTERS 

An account book nearly 100 years old was recently found in the 
rafters of the old carpenter shop of the Ulster Iron Works by Robert 
Bopp, a master mechanic, employed at the works, which contains a les- 
son in the construction of Dover history from original sources. The 
book is in a good state of preservation, although one part of the cover 
is torn off and the collection of soot and dirt soiled the pages somewhat. 
It is about an inch in thickness and measures 6^" x 16". The earliest 
date recorded is October 3, 1821, and the accounts extend to January 
30, 1830. The record book must have been the property of Blackwell 
& McFarlan, the firm that conducted the only iron industry in this town 
at that date. 

The first entry was October 3, 1821, under the name of Jesse King 
and on the same date was an entry of William Ford. During the follow- 
ing year the entries included John B. Miller, Ebenezer Stiles and Stephen 
Vail. 

William Ford carried on an extensive business in chain cables, 
shackles, studs, swivels, links and scrap iron, extended to January 30, 
1830. 

Until the canal was completed in 1831 all the necessary hauling was 
done by horses and mules. The canal was opened for traffic in 1831 and 
the first railroad train reached Dover in 1848. These facts are interest- 
ing in examining the old accounts of "Goods received from New York." 



26 1 

rhe dates of these accounts extend from December 5, 1826, to Febru- 
iry, 1830. In these accounts many personal names are interspersed, 
evealing the names of about eighty persons then doing business here 
md the purchases they made in the form of iron and other articles 
;uch as sand from Flanders, pork, cider, forge hammers and flour. 

List of persons trading with Blackwell & McFarian, 1826-1830: 
[saac Hance, Abijah Abbott, William Searing, Ab'm H. Smith. William 
Ross. John Mitchell, Elic Hance. S. Searing. Ebenezer Pierson, John O. 
[^ondict, Ira H. Cox, John S. Beach. Jos. Dickerson. Martin Bowlsby, 
Stephen Conger, B. & McFarlans, D. Ayrs, Mahlon Johnson, Simon 
Searing, D. Ross, Daniel Lindslev. Arch. Broadwell, John Sherman, 
^Villiam H. Ross, David Paddleford. Aaron Ogden, B. L. Condit, Asa 
Berry, Nathaniel Bowlsby, A. Beedell, Thos. Bowlsby, F. Chapin, 
Simeon L. Casterline, D. Lyons, Christopher Medler, Samuel Garrigues, 
Isaac Garrigues, Daniel Lyon, L. & Lawrence, Wm. Headley, E. F. 
Smith, Philip Losey, Wm. Leek, C. F. DeCamp, Jos. I. Minton, William 
3ixon. John Bryant, Milton Scott, Benjamin L. Condit, Michael Cavi- 
nough, John E. Cortis, Lewis Bryant, Thos. E. Bowlsby, C. F. Ran- 
dolph, Peter Dunham, Henry Cobb, Calvin Dixon, Hiram Smith, Jos. 
C. Righter, Warner Tucker, Wm. Slockbower, L. F. Lawrance, Mrs. 
Pamelia Adams, Alx Dickerson, E. I. Howell, D. C. Solman, John Her- 
rion. Johnson Minton, Joseph Herrion, D. C. Salmon, Wm. Churchell,. 
Thomas Vail, Robert Godden. 

This list may have value for those who make research in genealogy, 
titles, etc. It indicates the date at which certain persons were doing 
business with Blackwell & McFarian and what they traded in. It 
indicates the large place that iron had in the building of the community 
and the State. It shows when Lehigh coal. Nova Scotia coal and other 
kinds of coal began to come in on the canal. It indicates the different 
kinds of iron in use and the articles made from iron. There are entries 
about brick, sperm oil, candles, stove pipe, grates, teams, fish, crackers, 
moulding sand, stoves from Morristown, plaster, wheat flour, soap, 
sugar, beef, yellow ochre, looking glass, white lead, Rhode Island lime. 
7x9 glass, borax, paint, putty, mittens. 

There must have been a store somewhere, where these goods were 
handled. This book indicates, in part, the business that was carried on 
here in the days of teaming and, later, the canal, before the railroad 
came. Clothing, shoes, and other necessaries of life are not mentioned. 
There must have been some other place where spring bonnets, dress 
goods, groceries and drugs (if they used them) could be obtained, 
either here or in Morristown. A few school books must have been 
smuggled in to supply the pupils in the two old academies. But the Stone 
Academy was not built until 1829. There was no bank, no church- 
just a rough settlement, not even a village until 1826. 

By means of old maps one might trace where some of these old 
settlers lived. There was a tavern here in 1808, and a blacksmith shop. 
A wheelwright, Zenas Pruden, settled here. A few stores sprang up. 
From scattered references one might build up quite a mental picture 



262 

of the Dover of those days when this old account hook was kept, from 
1821 to 1830. It gives a pretty good census of the population, amount- 
ing to some eighty names, each of which may stand for a family — pos- 
sibly four hundred persons, some of v/hom may have lived beyond 
Dover limits. > And yet we are told that there were only ten or fifteen 
dweUings here in 1810. This list may have a bearing on that point. 

There was a post oflice here in 1820, in Mr. McFarlan's house. In 
1839 there were about 700 people in Dover. (Dover History, page 
383.) So it does not seem unreasonable to assume that 400 persons 
were here in 1830. Jacob Losey was postmastef previous to 1820, and 
John Marshall Losey followed him. 

Much may be learned from an old account lx)ok. Those who under- 
stand iron could read between the lines of this book a story that I can 
not so readily decipher. 

GLIMPSE OF A HOLIDAY IN DOVER IN 1823 

Odes Sung in Observance of Fourth of July 

We are indebted to IMajor Andrew Baker Byram for the loan of an 
old and tattered leaflet containing three odes sung at Dover in 1823, on 
the Fourth of July. We print, below, a copy of these odes with the old 
style punctuation. 

The Fourth of July was full of its original inspiration in those early 
days. Celebrations were frequent throughout the land and on other 
occasions, too, the spirit of new-found lil)erty was gloriously celebrated. 
Such a spirit was not confined to Dover nor to the United States of 
America in the year 1823. It was abroad in the world. It found 
extravagant and disorderly manifestation in the orgies of the French 
Revolution. The English poet Wordsworth was intimately associated 
with this struggle for freedom in France and greatly distressed at the 
outcome. Goethe speaks of it in his notable epic, "Hermann und Doro- 
thea." Schiller embodies it in his "William Tell." 

W^e were fortunate enough to escape the murderous and chaotic 
expressions of that spirit. We may be thankful that in Dover, in 1823, 
such odes as those here shown could be religiously and soberly sung by 
our people. Note what is happening in Europe to-day. These odes are 
a significant study in American history. They are not yet out of date, 
even though they may appear quaint and old-fashioned. If the celebra- 
tion of our patriotic holidays loses that old-time spirit of sincerity, earn- 
estness and high purpose, it will 1)g a sorry day for America. We have 
learned to smile at the old-fashioned; but let us not fall below our 
forebears in earnestness and intelligence. 

Those Fourth of July odes — what music were they sung to? We 
have no trace of it. Possibly they could be rendered to some old hymn 
tunes well enough to bring out the spirit of the past. And if too long for 
a modern, crowded program, we might sing the first stanza and the 
last? That has a familiar sound. 



263 

\\'ho wrote those odes ? Perhaps the minister at Rockaway. That 
is where Dover went to church in those days. The children walked 
barefoot, carrying their new shoes in thei;- hands, and then sat down by 
a brook, washed their feet, put on the new shoes and walked into the 
sanctuary — tableau ! 

And perhajis Dover had some such tableau, in connection with the 
Fourth of July celebration, as we find described on page ^^';' of Dover 
History — A Tribute to Liberty, done in 1858. 

According to, these old odes the faith of our founders was not 
pinned exclusively to Democracy and Americanism ; but they believed 
that the principles of true religion would make a democracy and an 
Americanism that would stand, where other historical examples of 

democracv had fallen. 



(Odes to be sung on the Fourth of July. 1823. at Dover) 
ODE I. , 

Flail Independence ! mighty theme ! 

To gain thee, heroes fell ; 
And e'er shall thy resplendent beam, . 

Rude tyranny dispel. 

* Sweet Liberty's etherial form. 

Srtiiles on this hai)py day. 
And bids us hail the sacred morn 
That saw our country free. 

In her high temples sat fair Fanle, 

In council, to discern 
What deed the loudest should proclaim 

To ages yet unborn. 

Tyrants had fought — had bravely fought. 

But not in Freedom's cause ; 
Twas dire, despotic sway they sought, 

And sycophant's applause. 

In doubtful musings Fame would wave, 

Suspending her decree 
Till Freedom triumphed — then she gave 

To us the victory. 

Now o'er each brow a laurel crown, 

A never fading wreath, 
-Be iJaced, to, grace such high renpwn — 
To decorate such worth. 



264 



Now, mighty God ! still o'er us reign, 

And shield us from the foe ; 
Then Liberty shall be our theme 

While we remain below. 

ODE 11. 

Let us again our voices raise, 

In joyful strains of grateful praise, 

To Heav'ns Almighty King, whose hand 

Subdued our foes and sav'd our land. 

God was our light in darkest hour ; 

He was our hope and he our pow'r. 

He led our armies to the field. 

He was their strength and he their shield. 

Then let each son of Freedom sing, 
"The God of Heaven is our King; 
"Let others own a tyrant's nod, 
"We have no other King but God." 

He did the Statesman's breast inspire. 
He filled the Patriot's heart with fire, 
He gave to us our Washington, 
And bless'd Columbia in her son. 

'Twas God that quell'd the haughty foe, 
And laid his high ambition low ; 
He gave the vic'try to our band 
And bless'd an independent land. 

Then let each son of Freedom sing, 
"The God of Heaven is our King; 
"Let others own a tyrant's nod, 
"We have no other King but God." 

Now thro' Columbia's wide domain, 
O'er hill and valley, wood and plain. 
Fair Freedom's cheerful smiles extend. 
And Liberty and Peace attend. 

Long may such blessings be enjoyed, 
And this returning day employ 'd, 
'Till time shall cease to number days. 
In joyful strains of grateful praise. 



265 



Then let each son of Freedom sing, 
"The God of Heaven is our King; 
"Let others own a tyrant's nod, 
"We have no other King but God." 



ODE III. 

The wheel of time rolls swiftly on — 

'Tis coming and 'tis past; 
This glorious day is quickly gone, 

And life is fleeting fast. 

The splendid fabric built to-day, 

To-morrow lies in dust; — 
All things before have passed away, 

And so the present must. 

Great Babylon once raised her walls 

On the Assyrian plains, 
But now of all her costly halls 

A vestige scarce remains. 

And Rome in mighty grandeur rose. 

The mistress of the world. 
And round on all her trembling foes. 

Death and destruction hurl'd. 

But haughty Rome and learned Greece 

Are fallen and forgot; — 
Egypt and Carthage, with their race, 

Have shared the common lot. 

Columbia, too, shall gain her height, 

And shine in all her pride. 
Thou sing in dark oblivion's night — 

Borne down the dreadful tide. 

But e'er Columbia's glory fade, 

And all her pride be l )wn. 
May science, wisdom, worth pervade 

And claim her for their own. 

May centuries pass and time grow old. 
In our dear land's success ; 

And ages yet unborn behold 
Her glories still progress. 



;266 

And may her sons in virtue rise, 

Taught by the laws of Heaven, 
And to the God of earth and skies 

Be all the glory given. 

On pages 470-1 of "Dover History," are given the details of a 
Fourth of July celebration in Alorristown, 1828. Three odes appear on 
the program. 

THE LOAN EXHIBITION OF 1879 

Among the treasures of the past which have come into my pos- 
session is a little blue-covered pamphlet containing quite a story on the 
front cover, viz. : "Dover Loan Exhibition in the Segur Mansion, com- 
mencing, Wednesday, September 24th, 1879, continuing four days, open 
afternoon and evening. For the 1)eneht of the Presbyterian Church 
Y. P. U." 

In this little book are listed 9S9 articles of interest, antiquity or 
curiosity, interspersed with local advertisements of the day that now 
stir historic reminiscence, such as "E. Lindsley & Son, Dry Goods, 
Groceries, etc., established 1835;" or "Vought & Killgore, Druggists 
and Apothecaries, 1850-1880." 

First is a list of '"Paintings, Engravings and Chromos," 104 in 
number, ranging from "Can't You Talk" to an Albrecht Durer. The 
name of the person who loaned each picture is given and we thus see 
a complete catalogue of the works of art cherished in the homes of 
Dover's citizens, including a dozen or so loaned by Mrs. Henry McFar- 
lan, and a dozen more by Dr. Columbus Beach, who seem to have had 
the largest and most classical assortment. 

Next come "Bronzes and Statuary" and "Ceramics." Mr. Charles 
McFarlan leads in the latter, with Ivlrs. Henry McFarlan and Mrs. 
George Richards in close competition. 

"Foreign Curiosities" — 169 of them. Here Mrs. E. W. Stoddard 
outshines all others, Miss Hinchman making a good second. 

"Antiquities." Here Mrs. Vail, the Quakeress, leads, exhibiting an 
old pair of knee buckles and the "Spectacles worn by Mr. Wilson who 
came to America with Wm. Penn." This list has real local interest, 
containing many articles of use in our American households of colonial 
and revolutionary times and la,ter : — spoons, chairs, tables, sugar tongs, 
ladles, foot stoves, bed warmers, bellows, fender, spinning wheel, quilt, 
hatchet, stone from Port Ticonderoga, Dr. Jackson'.s violin, Masonic 
apron, etc. 



267 

"Old Books. Manuscripts, Autographs." Here we find ancient tomes 
'of 1666, 1754. 1806, old Bibles, specimens of penmanship by G. M. 
Hinchman. Life of Brainerd 1749. old newspapers, old deeds. Cincin- 
nati Certificate, singing books, and law reports. Mr. J. H. Neighbour 
leads all with his collection of historic "deeds," such as John Jackson's 
■deed of 1722. Rev. W. W. Halloway follows with books published in 
the early nineteenth century. E. D. Halsey shows historic papers. 

"War Implements and Relics." Here we find swords, pistols, guns; 
among them "the gun that shot the Morristown Ghost." exhibited by 
Hon. A. C. Canfield. 

"Indian Relics." Mrs. Evans shows the largest set. 

"Coins and Currency." Continental and Confederate money, etc. 

"Minerals." "Woman's Pavilion" and "Miscellaneous" bring us to 
the end, after which comes a "Supi)lement," and then a continued sup- 
plement. Here we find the rifle with which Putnam shot the wolf, two 
paintings by Samuel WoodrulT of Dover and "shoes and stockings, very 
old" — wd do not have to go to a museum to find them. 

This catalogue of The Loan Exhibition v/as given to me by ]\Iiss 
IMary Rose, one of the enterprising young people who got up this enter- 
taining and instructive affair. It must have stirred up much interest 
in local history. 

The collection of these relics and the returning of them to their 
proper owners is said to have been a heart-rending task, never to be 
undertaken again! But how appropriate it would be for a bicentennial! 
And by charging admission you gain funds for the new Nurses' Home 
or something like that. 

By this time a new line of relics has come into the field. 

THE SCHOOL PAGEANT OF 1920 

In April, 1920, the school children of Dover, under the direction 
of Superintendent W. V. Singer and Miss Jane Lynd, gave a pageant 
of Dover history. The performance was staged in the auditorium of the 
new High School on Myrtle avenue. Ten scenes from the past were 
arranged — four from the period of 1722- 1826. six from the period of 
1 826- 1 869. The ])eriod from 1869 to 1920 n'as untouched, cxcejn that 
the program included one scene representing the organization of 
Dover's Fire Department in 1873. The time limit of an evening's enter- 
tainment made it necessary to omit many scenes of interest. The exer- 
cises were well attended, the house being crowded to capacity. 

The pupils of the Domestic Science Department, directed by Miss 
Harris and assisted by Miss Mitchell, of the .Art Dejiartment, worked 
out the costuming and stage decorations. Many old dresses were 
gathered from the trunks and garrets of old residents for the occasion. 
The boys of the Manual Training Department, directed by Mr. Griffin, 
rigged up a model of an old wnter-wheel and forge, and a canal boat 
that added much to the effectiveness of certain scenes. The teachers 



268 

to whom scenes were assigned did their utmost to prepare dramatiza- 
tions and drill the pupils. The pupils entered into the spirit of the 
celebration with intelligent interest and made the occasion one that 
was greatly enjoyed by all present. 

We give this historic program herewith as a momento of the 
pageant of 1920. It was given at that early date in anticipation of the 
approaching bicentennial, to point the way to any later celebration that 
might take place. 

One result of the performance was that funds were thereby secured 
to square the accounts of the athletic teams for the season. 

Editor. 
LIST OF PATRONESSES FOR PAGEANT 

Mrs. T. O. Bassett Mrs. W. G. Hummel 

Mrs. Coleridge Benedict, Sr. Mrs. Emil G. Kattermann 

Mrs. R. A. Bennett Mrs. James T. Lowe 

Mrs. Wm. F. Birch Mrs. W. L. R. Lynd 

Mrs. George R. Buck iM^rs. Stephen Palmer 

Mrs. A. W. Condict Mrs. Albert Sedgeman 

Mrs. Harry R. Gill Mrs. W. V. Singer 

Miss Gussie Heiman Mrs. Thomas Smith 

Mrs. J. H. Hulsart Mrs. Leo Totten. 

THE DOVER SCHOOL PAGEANT 

The Dover Pageant now draws nigh. 
With scenes that show the olden time ; 

Here visibly before the eye 

Will pass the Indian pantomime. 

Jackson again will haunt the scene 

Of those bright hopes that lured him on 

To start this settlement : you'll glean 
Brief glimpses here of days by-gone. 

The warrior chief, the Quaker staid 

Will pass before you in review ; 
The matron and the dimpled maid . . 

Will on the stage their life renew. 

Ask not too much ; with kindly eye 
Regard our home-made pageant play ; 

Let fancy work and so supply 

More than our humble efforts may. 

Give praise where praise is rightly due; 

Co-operation wins the day ; 
Teachers and pupils — parents, too, — 

Have lent a hand to make this play. 



269 
PROGRAM 

Spring Festival of Song conducted by Miss Temby. 

Scenes from Dover History presented by pupils of the Myrtle 
\venue School under the direction of their teachers. 

Part I. 
I — Indian Life in Dover. 

Pantomimic production planned and executed by the pupils of 
;he Industrial History Classes under the direction of Miss Katherine 
R.usch. 

Introduction — Harold Hall. 

I. Twilight Scene near Indian Falls. Cast — Indian Chief, 
Melson Terry ; Braves. Ferdinand Loeffler, Willard Cunimings, Rus- 
sell Jones, Allan Wolfe. Harold Hall. Indian Boys, Virgil Reed, 
jcorge Lovas. Indian Girls, Pearl Mack, Nellie Flanagan. Squaws, 
Florence Uren, Hazel Meeker, Isabel Hutchinson. Dog, Franklin 
Hiamberlain. 2. Morning Scene. 3. Indians at Jackson's Forge. 
II — Jackson's Forge. 

Dramatized and acted by students of Grade 8A under the direc- 
;ion of Mrs. Geddis. 

Introduction, Edna Kennedy. 

I. Jackson's Forge, anvil and house. 2. News of Navigation 
Laws. 3. Sheriff's Sale. 

Cast — Mr. Jackson, Stanley Cannon; Mrs. Jackson, Leona Budd; 
Mr. Hawkins, Wm. Gillespie; Mrs. Hawkins, Dorothy Richards; 
Deacon Goodman, Alfred Long; Mr. Hurd, Leon Rummel ; Helper, 
jeo. Thorson ; Sheriff, Leroy Bayles ; Indians, Robert Guise, Robert 
IVoodhull, Engelbrecht Sjokvist; Mr. Fitz Randolph, Robert Mandigo; 
Children, Mary Gilligan, Margaret Minervino. The properties used 
n this play include a vest made in 1751. 

Ill — General Winds and General Washington. 

Dramatized by Grade 7A under the direction of Miss Cornelia 
orater. 

Introduction by Syrel Roth. 

I. General Washington calls on General Winds at his home in 
Pleasant Valley (now East Dover). 

Cast — General Winds. John Totten. His wife, Genevieve Bower. 
Older daughter, Gussie Mishkin. Two children. Thelma L^ren and 
Max Eichelbaum. Slave, Susie Mitchell. General Washington. Eric 
Herman. General Washington's Staff. Leo Treniberth, Robert 
Hutchinson, Andrew Jenkins, Walter Vanderbush, Howard Ander- 
son, Rudy Shubert. 
IV — Scenes from a Fourth of July Celebration in Dover, 1823. 

Given by pupils in SB, assisted by pupils from 8A, under direction 

of Miss King. 

Introduction by Warford Boyd. 

I. Gathering of the people. 2. Reading of parts of the Decla- 



270 

ration of Independence by George McDavit. 3. Fourth of July- 
Oration by Ralph ^linervino. 4. Tableau, A Tribute to Liberty. 

Pupils participating in celebration : Friend Randolph, Edward 
Ackerman ; Friend Goodman, Curtis Jenkins ; Dr. Crittenden, Willard 
Hon ; Dominie WycoiT, John McCarthy ; The Audience, Agnes Hol- 
ley, Mildred Cook. Beatrice Br}'am, Mary Cole. Mildred Losey, Edna 
Hartman, Marguerite Fish. Harry Olmstead, Charles Decker, Donald 
McQillan, James Grant, George Rumsey. 

Tableau — Tribute to Liberty. Cast — Goddess of Liberty, Beatrice 
Goldsworthy. The Thirteen Original Colonies : N\ew Hampshire, 
Hazel Rusch ; ^Massachusetts. Florence Foyer; Rhode Island, Bessie 
Brown ; Connecticut, May Shaw ; New York, Beatrice Crater ; New 
Jersey, Ruth Thornhill ; Pennsylvania, Arcella Heyward ; Delaware, 
Julia Bornstein ; Maryland, Eva Jeffrey ; Virginia. Alice Phillips ; 
North Carolina, Alice Pugsley ; South Carolina. Myrtle Skinner ; 
Georgia, Myrtle Vivian. 

Remarks — Fourth of July Oration composed by 8B English 
Class from three Odes sung in Dover on July 4, 1823. Each girl 
representing an original colony, in the tableau, wears the seal of the 
State which the colony became later. Seals drawn and colored by Paul 
Newman and Warford Boyd. 

Part II. 
I — The "Dover of Dover" on the Morris Canal, 1836. 

Dramatized and acted by students of Grade 8A. directed by ]\Iiss 
Isabel Hancc. 

Introduction by Abner Friedland. 

I. A conversation in the boat-yard by several young people. 
2. The Sailing of the "Dover of Dover" on its first trip to Newark in 
charge of Captain Byram Pruden. 

Cast — Thomas Sturtevant. acted by AA'illiam Ely : Charity Ford, 
by ]\Iildred Livingston ; Louisa Chr^^stal, Georgianna Painter ; James 
Losey, Joseph Nazarro : crowd of cheerers. boys and girls of 8A. 

The canal boat used in the scenes was made by Harold Rickley, 
William Riker and Stephen Zipko. 

II — William Young the Village Baker, 1847. Coming of the Railroad, 

T848. 

Dramatized and acted by students of IB class in High School 
English. Teacher. Miss Elsie G. FTedden. 

1. Introduction by Serena Baldus. 

2. Introduction by Elsie Rumsey. 

Cast — William Young, represented by Wm. Moor; Mrs. Jacob 
Searing, Harvey Matthews ; Isaac W. Searing, Charles Concilio ; Mr. 
Segur, James Murray ; Farmer Wrecks, Charles Rinehart ; Jennie 
Young (now Mrs. Chambre), represented by Melda Chambre ; Mrs. 
Wm. Young, by P'lorence Vezina ; Katie Brown, Marguerite Booser; 
Susie Smith, Glady Francis; Mr. Brown. Augustus Dalrymple; Mr. 
Jones, Fred Ward ; Mrs. Jones, Marjorie Dorman ; Villagers, Leia 
Hiller, Meta Lerbs, Florence Gardner, Elsie Rumsey, Arthuir Powell, 
Helen Predmore, Gladvs Steffen. 



271 

Melda Chambre. who plays the part of Jennie Young, is a great- 
granddaughter of William Young. 

Ill — A Donation \'isit. 

Dramatized and acted by ^liss Richardson's SA Class. 

Introduction by Elberta Lynn. 

Cast — Dr. Magie. represented by Stephen Dalrymple ; Mrs. Magie, 
by Margaret Benson; INIiss Berry. Ruth Lindeman ; Mrs. Stickle, 
Angela Donohue ; Mr. Lee, Francis Milo; Mrs. Lee, Helen Jones: Mrs. 
Oram, Helen Armitage ; Mrs. Crittenden, Hilda Newman; Mr. Sidney 
Ives, ; AFr. James McCord, W'illard Komatowski ; Mr. 

Charles Xoble, John Lerbs ; Mr. Calkins, Robert Burrel ; Other Parish- 
ioners, Evelyn Singer, Margaret Stromberg. Mabel Hall, Dorothy 
Snyder. Evelyn tliler, Gladys Eades, Gladys W'oodhull, Beatrice 
Goldsworthy. 

IV — The Quakers of Randolph, 
Dramatized and acted by students of the lA Special Class in 
English, High School. Directed by Miss Jane Lynd. 
Introduction by Elizabeth Hance. 

1. The Underground Railway. 

2. A Quaker Meeting. Introduction by Fred Armitage. 

Cast — Richard Brotherton. Stewart Hunter; ]\Irs. Brotherton, 
]Margaret Franklin ; Rachel Brotherton, Mary Bray ; James Hopkins, 
Russell Anderson; Ruth Byram, Dorothy Frick ; Chrisjohn Dell, 
Edward ]\[cOuillan; Ruth Byram, Dorothy Frick; Slave, Richard 
Maloney ; First Officer, Oscar Bray ; Second Officer, Edward Gilmore. 

Quakers in the Meeting House Scene — Rosalie Angle, Fred Armi- 
Hiler, Lillian Lambert, Jessie Lewkowitz, Mary Lyons, Hazel Meeker, 
tage, Madeline Davenport, Marion Gardner, Elizabeth Hance, Nellie 
Marion Roderer. Ivah Rinehart, Florence Cren, Margaret Vreeland. 

The properties used in this scene include a chair one hundred and 
one years old, lent by Mr. Armitage ; candlesticks a century old. lent by 
Mrs. Franklin; dresses of our grandmothers' time, lent by Mrs. Fitz- 
herbert and Mrs. Davenport, of Spicertown ; and real Shaker bonnets, 
lent by ]\Iiss Williams. 

The love letter read is a real letter written by a Quaker of Plain- 
field to a Quaker maid of Randolph. 

V — The ^Taking of the School Flag, Dover Institute, i86i. 

Dramatized and acted by pujiils of the Seventh Grade luider the 
direction of Miss Dorothy Lynd. 

Introduction by ?ilarion Rinehart. 

Scene, a schoolroom in the Dover Institute. 

Cast — Mr. Flail, principal of the school, represented by Tony 
Mauriello ; School Boys, Albert Jones. Arthur Goerner, Her.schel Brisk; 
.School Girls, Loiu'se .Ackerman, Margaret .Mpers, Emma .Anderson. 
Leotha Blodgett, Merle Dickerson. Lulu James. Mary Ingraham, Edith 
Lloyd, Bessie Phillips, Marion Rinehart. Ruth Skillman. 



2/2 

Among the costumes used in this scene we are indebted to Mrs. 
D. Palmer for the loan of a pair of pantalettes actually worn by a child 
during the time represented by the scene. 

VI — Town Meeting Called to Organize the Dover Fire Department, 

1873. 

Dramatized and acted by Miss Richardson's 8A Class. 

Introduction by Beatrice Goldsworthy, 

Cast — Mayor Richards, represented by Russell Melroy ; Col. Stites, 
Albert Sedgman; Mr. Sickles, Burroughs Van Syckle; Mr, Hance, 
George Amerman ; Mr. I. W. Searing, Robert Burrel ; Mr. Berry, Wm. 
McGill; Mr. Lewis, James Adrey; Mr. James H. Neighbour, Willard 
Komotowski; Mr. Whitlock, Francis Milo ; Mr. McCracken, Patsy 
Nazzaro ; Mr. Wm. Young, Joseph Angel ; Mr. Lindsley, James Varley. 

Albert Sedgman, who represents Col. Stites at this meeting, is a 
great-grandson of Mr. Titus Berry, who was present at this meeting. 

The program will close with a Pageant Procession of all persons 
participating in the scenes enacted. The salute to the flag will be given 
at the signal, followed by the singing of "America." 



EPILOGUE. 

We are the Future of the Past ; 

We are the Present in our time ; 
We are the Future's Past at last ; 

And so Time writes his changing rhyme. 

We scan the pictured rocks where Man 
Etched the rude firstlings of his art : 

What pictures shall we leave? Who can 
Make bright the temple of the heart? 

How can we know what later-born. 
More favored tim«s will say of us? 

When, like dim memories of the morn, 
We form life's background fabulous? 

A little while we have our day, 
As poets sing, upon the stage; 

We act our part in life's great play. 
Then — Exit ! with the passing age. 

Some memory of us may survive; 

O Time, deal gently ! smooth away 
Our blundering strokes and keep alive 

The better part to shine for aye! 



PART IX 
Local Historical Poems 



274 



JOHN JACKSON 

First Iron-Master of Dover, 1722-1753 
"Into the wilderness let me be going, 
Out to the hills and the rills of the north! 
There let me work the black ore into iron, 
Plying my forge by the side of a stream, 
Out in the wilderness Maker of Iron ! 

Iron for plowshares, saws, hammers and axes ; 
Iron for wagon-bolts, nails, knives, and spades; 
Iron and muscle will conquer the wilderness. 
Here's a man's work, to win homes from the wild, 
Plant a new settlement, build up a State!" 

Out in the wilderness Nature was smiling. 
Sunshine and songsters and wildflowers were there; 
Trees of the forest were beck-ning and whisp'ring — 
"Come ! there's a fortune out here in the wild !" 
"Come ! make your fortune !" the streamlet replied. 

So here he came in the new-dawning era, 
Came with a heart full of courage and hope; 
Toiled at his forge and sent iron to the seaboard — 
That's where they needed it — cities were growing — 
Newark — Elizabeth — he helped them grow. 

He and a man from New Hampshire were toiling 

Here in the hills on the rough, rude frontier. 

While cities were building, trade growing, farms thriving. 

And all wanted iron from the forges up here. 

But — "Halt ! All must stop ! Ship your ore oversea !"' 

"Oversea ship your ore ! The old country will shape it ; 
Shape it and make of it tools to your hand !" 
That stopped our forges — John Jackson grew weary, 
His early hopes broken — sold out — sheriff's sale ! 
There's nothing in iron till freedom is gained. 

Then came the long struggle for freedom ; our forges 
Again came to life; now not plowshares, but swords. 
And cannon and cannon-ball came from these hillsides, 
And a chain o'er the Hudson to stop the foe's fleet, 
While the patriot band is encamped near at hand. 

He failed — Jackson failed ; so his story is written ; 
But the work has gone on, and the start that he gave 
Has not seen its finish, we're here to attest. 
Dover stands by his vision of youth, still undaunted — 
The vision that first bade the youth "Forge ahead !" 



275 



A SONG OF IRON 

An old song with a new Ending written for it for the use of the 

Mine Hill Sunday School, Christmas, 1914 

Sing a song of Iron in a mine so deep, 
Where the mighty mountain watch doth keep ; 
Down must go the miner in the mine so damp. 
Each one with his pick-axe and his tiny lamp. 

Here he picks and shovels, working all the day, 
Never sees the sunlight, not a single ray ; 
Here he finds great treasure, hidden long ago 
In its rocky cavern, far, far down below. 

Rough, black lumps of iron ore — that is all he sees; 

But he knows the secret, falls ujxjn his knees, 

Drills and picks and shovels, fills his little car, 

Push, push, push, then upward through the shaft so far! 

Now another journey to a furnace door. 
Where the fierce fire blazing melts the hard black ore 
Till it glows and sparkles, runs into a mold. 
Taking form and shape for uses manifold. 

Here's a jolly jack-knife, here's a needle bright. 
While the Perfect Cook Stove fills us with delight ; 
There's a locomotive, there's a stout steel rail ; 
Here's a saw, a hammer ; here's a common nail ! 

Who could tell the story of the debt we owe 
To our Friend, the Iron, everywhere we go! 
Sing a song of Iron, sing a merry lay ! 
Sturdy, honest Iron, useful every day! 

THE MINE HILL BLACKSMITH 

I am a Mine Hill blacksmith strong, 

My bellows now I blow ; 
I poke the fire and sing my song, 

And soon the fire's aglow. 
Have you a horse that needs a shoe? 

Then bring him here to me; 
I'll shoe him right and fjuickly. too — 

Ka-link ! ka-Iink ! ka-lee ! (Striking anvil.) 

Unhitch your horse and bring him in 
And tie him to the wall; 



276 



His old shoes are so thin, so thin, 

He must have new ones all ! 
Tap ! tap — a pull, off with the old, 

Then from the beam o'erhead 
Take down a new one, black and cold 

And heat it till it's red ! 

Then on the anvil, blow on blow, 

While showers of sparkles fly, 
I shape the iron all aglow. 

My busy hammer ply. 
Now pare the hoof, the shoe nail fast, 

And cut the nail ends bent, 
And trim with file, till all at last 

Is done to heart's content. 

For a class of boys in the Mine Hill Sunday School, 191 5. 
Sung to "The Jolly Coppersmith," with whistling chorus — 



FORGE AND SONG 

A blacksmith swart and strong am I, 

Now to my work I go. 
And as the bellows heave and sigh 

The coals are soon aglow. 
The bellows heave, the bellows blow, 

I sing a merry glee : 
O tongue of flame, now high, now low, 

My song is like to thee! 

A horseshoe in the coals I lay, 

The bellows softly purr; 
The cold, black iron grows bright as day. 

The fire I gently stir: 
The flames leap up in sheer delight, 

The bellows puff and wheeze — 
O heart of iron, now dark, now bright, 

To thee I sing my glees ! 

Now on the anvil — kling, klang, kling! 

The hammer falls, and Lo! 
Sparks fly and flash, while ding, dang, ding ! 

Blow follows quick on blow! 
The glowing iron I turn and smite. 

And shape it to my will. 
And sing my song from mom till night — 

Then forge and song grow still. 



277 
WHEN GREATGRANDMOTHER WAS A GIRL 

In Wharton there lives a good lady I know, 
Who has told me about the old times, long ago. 
When girls were some smarter than what they be now 
In doing all sorts of things — Oh, they knew how ! 

When she was a youngster, just in her first 'teens. 
She could pose in a tableau for many fine scenes; 
They'd make a real Movie of times here in Dover; 
Plain living, they called it — they all lived in clover ! 

If you want to know what a young girl could do then, 
Just follow these lines as they come from my pen. 
She ought to have been at our late County Fair; 
Why didn't they give the old folks a place there, 
With photographs, showing the old-fashioned ways 
In contrast with these more advanced, cultured days? 

She could sew, she could spin, she could knit, darn a stocking, 
And feed the farm chickens when all came a-flocking 
For supper, ere dark, and for breakfast each morn; 
Oh, how they would scurry and gobble the corn ! 

She could milk and could churn — making butter's an art 
Now done by machinery, we are so smart ! 
She could wash, starch the clothes, and could iron 'em by hand- 
No steam laundry then in this whole Yankee land ! 

She could make pies and cake, bread and doughnuts and cookies — 

She'd be just the girl to look after our rookies ! 

She broke in three heifers for milking, one Spring, 

And kept them all gentle ; but now its "the thing" 

To milk by a newfangled, 'lectric machine. 

And milkmaids are rare, if they ever are seen. 

And then this young lady of those good old times 
Would go feed the calves and pick berries, betimes. 
They'd dry all the berries they wished to preserve; 
No canning done then. Gentle Reader, observe ! 

Such apples they had! nuts to crack! — just the best 
Of everything! even eggs fresh from the nest! 
Cold-storage eggs saved from the date of the flood 
Were unheard of then — now, the prices draw blood ! 



2/8 

Her father kept cows of his own ; thirty sheep 
Furnished wool all the household in clothing to keep. 
Homespun was the fashion; a suit didn't cost 
Half a hundred in those days when no time was lost 
In gadding about. Your coat came from the back 
Of the sheep without shoddy ; but. lately, a-lack ! 
The "wool" is "short fibre," with "filling" — devices 
That lower the quality — not the high prices. 

They killed their own sheep when they wanted good mutton. 

And then, just to show that a man wa'n't a glutton, 

He "divvied" the meat with his neighbors — each took 

A share for his household, 'twa'n't charged in a book ; 

But share, share about ; now, our butcher bill mounts 

By airplane to heaven, from recent accounts. 

"Clam Classes" they had in that primitive time — 

A topic I've never seen treated in rhyme. 

A great load of charcoal was taken to town. 

An ox-team the engine that hustled it down 

To NEWARK'S tide waters, where clams from the Bay 

Would fill up the wagon upon the home way. 

Again the quaint fashion would come into play 

Of share, share about with the folks 'cross the way. 

And such was the practice with oysters and shad, 

A custom "passay," but it wasn't half bad. 

Enough ! — we now live in an age more progressive 
Of modern inventions and — prices aggressive ! 
And we smile as we read of those long-vanished ways. 
And sigh, in our dreams — "Give us back the old days !" 
But wake from our doze with a start to discover 
Greatgrandmother smiling — she knows we all love her — 
To see her greatgranddaughters passing above her 
And old household arts coming back in new guise — 
Not "arts" now, but "science" we say, and look wise. 
October 4, 19 19. 



LOG CABINS 

Log cabins in Dover! — well, "I want to know!" 

As the folks say, "down East," when they're hard pressed to show 

Amazement and wonder at travelers' yarns : 

Log cabins in Dover there were, not mere barns. 

But homes where folks lived and raised families, so 

I've heard from somelxDdy who surely must know. 

Since houses are so hard to get in these days, 

O Muse, help me sing the Old Log Cabin's praise ! 



279 



The neighbors would each bring a log, trimmed and hewn, 

To fit into place in the cabin that soon 

Would welcome newcomers who came out to share 

Our life in the wilderness: all hands prepare 

To build the new home and in three days the folks 

Are keeping house in it, the best of good jokes ! 

No house-rent, no plumber, no gas bill, no 'phone i 

Just a cozy log cabin, a home of your own! 

No coal bill ! — go out in the back lot — an axe 

Will garner your fuel — expense, a few whacks! 

The chinks of your cabin, well plastered with clay. 

Were not quite air-tight — good enough in their way. 

Sometimes the bare ground may have served for the floor, 

And the latch-string hung out from the rude battened door. 

A chimney place filled the great room with its cheer ; 

Around it in winter all loved to draw near. 

The "pie pan" stood ready for baking — they never 

Used baker's bread then, they just cooked up whatever 

They wanted, right there in hot coals — a wood fire 

With its blaze and its glow was a thing to admire. 

No "Perfect Range" then, no gas stove, no steam heat; 

Yet life in a cabin of logs may be sweet. 

So it may, but the Garden of Eden, you know. 

Was spoiled by a snake, and a snake loves the glow 

Of a log cabin fire, and the crumbs and tid-bits 

That fall on the floor — a snake lives by its wits. 



The mother was ailing ; a nurse, for a spell, 
W^as helping the household till mother was well. 
The nurse, in bare feet, tip-toed softly alx)ut. 
When suddenly something put good nurse in rout. 
She had trod, in the dark, on a soft, wriggling snake ; 
She runs to the candle-tree — quick ! bring a light ! 
A candle she snatches in haste and affright, 
For a snake in the dark and bare feet make her quake. 

She searches and searches, no snake comes to view; 
The mother is anxious ; her little ones — two — 
In their low trundle bed are now soundly asleep; 
She lifts up the bedclothes and then takes a peep — 
Sir Snake is right there — copperhead, sure as death! 
The mother stands, stares, scarcely dares draw a breath ! 

Then, quick, snatched her darlings to safety ! returned ; 
Drew the sheet by the corners, the snake slipping down, 
Was held there : she stirred up the fire till it burned 
With a blaze fierce and hot as the mother's stern frown ; 



28o 



Then slid the dread copperhead into the flame — 
He squealed like a pig ! — so this New Jersey dame 
Saved her home from that shadow of heartrending woe 
In that cozy log cabin, so long, long ago ! 

OVENS 
Illustrating the History of Industry 

We make stoves in Dover ; the moulders prepare 

Trim molds shaped of sand with the greatest of care ; 

When ready, the iron is poured into each mold. 

Where it hardens and cools into shapes manifold. 

So parts of a stove are first cast, then assembled, 

To make our new models of cook stoves so fine : 

The old-fashioned oven of ancient design — 

The open-air oven — but little resembled 

Our new Perfect Range, polished up, spick and span : 

The pride of the housewife, this stands in the van 

Of inventions sought out to rejuvenate Man; 

But your open-air oven, built out in the yard, 

Was an ancient device, all unsung by a bard, 

'Most as old as the hills, we might say — Mother Eve 

Was the first one to use it, I really believe. 

When she made pies and cookies for Abel and Cain, 

After moving from Paradise Row, where, of course, 

No cook-stoves were known. I have searched, all in vain, 

For the earliest, primitive, way-back first source 

Of arts culinary — in vain I inquire 

For Adam's First Lessons on Lighting a Fire. 

The Dover Library, though quite up-to-date. 

Can give me no light on the ultimate fate 

Of Cain, who ate everything raw; there's a hint 

That his wife couldn't cook — did I see it in print? 

Eve didn't approve of her ! Poor Cain ! the man 

Whose wife cannot cook must fall under the ban ! 

But somehow, sometime, Man invented a way 

To cook and be civilized in that far day. 

And the oven on stilts, right out there in the yard. 

Came down through the ages, unsung by a bard 

Till I found this great subject, unhackneyed, unworn. 

Fresh, fair as a rose in the dew of the morn. 

'Twas my Lady of Wharton who gave me the cue 

To this wonderful theme, so old-timey, so new! 

I pause just a moment to bow and to greet her, 

And now I must finish my task in short meter. 

Four crotched sticks you drive in the ground; other sticks 

Are then laid across; thereupon sods you fix. 



28] 



And earth over that ; then flat stones ; next you build 

An oven of stones, loose, the cracks to be filled 

With clay, arched a-top ; leave a mouth, make a door 

And a hole for a draft; make a flat oven floor; 

Put in wood, light your fire ; when the oven is hot 

Take out all the ashes, bake bread or what not — 

Roast turkey, roast pig, pies and cakes — tell you what'. 

That oven could soften a hard heart of stone! 

Poor Cain! if his poor, shiftless wife had but known 

The secret to soften the heart of a brute 

By cooking up victuals ! — that diet of fruit 

Might do for a while, but — roast turkey in season, 

Has charms, I must say, and no doubt "there's a reasoru"' 

One thing Eve regretted — that apple? — Oh, yes! 

But another thing weighed on her spirits, I guess ; 

The records don't say so — I've searched 'em in vain; 

But I guess she repented the day she raised Cain. 

She pondered the matter and hit on a plan 

To soften the heart of too primitive Man: 

She invented the oven, as sure as I'm human! 

Or — could it be? — was it the man or the woman 

Who first hit upon this great, wondrous invention? 

Eve, Eve must have done it, without contravention ! 

The Richardson-Boynton folks took up the story 

And covered themselves and old Dover with glory 

By making the Perfect Cook Range for our nation, 

And that's why we stand at the head of Creation, 

Because of our toothsome, well-cooked, perfect ration ! 

UNCLE BYRAM. 

O Muse, help me sing, not of mythical kings. 

Blood-curdling adventures and such thrilling things, 

Nor of love and romance, of fond courtship and wooing^, 

Of Cupid and Dido, of billing and cooing: 

All these I renounce — for the moment — to sing 

Of a plain, staid old bachelor. How can I fling 

A halo of glory about such a man? 

Looks dubious, does it? — I'll do what I can. 

He lived with his brother, the wheelwright, whose shop 

Was a place where old wagons and coaches must stop 

For repairs when they weakened with age. At the corner 

Of Dickerson street and the old Lampson road 

It stood in its day, near his humble abode. 

You see. Gentle Reader, my Muse is no scomer 

Of quiet old people who worked at a trade, 

Respected for character, not what they made. 



282 



Zenas Prnden made wagons ; his wife was "Aunt Sally," 

And now to my story my wits I must rally. 

My hero was born on the Old Pruden farm 

Near Morristown. There more than one generation 

Of Prudens grew up. Amid war's rude alarm, 

When our soldiers were camped there they found Pruden's farm 

A Godsend in helping them eke out their ration. 

A brick kiln was there and my hero made brick 

For the County Court House. But life's changes come quick. 

At twenty young Byram enlists for the war. 

On Governor's Island he helps to defend 

New York from the British until the war's end. 

Peace comes : Byram Pruden, a warrior no more, 

In time comes to Dover and uncles the brood 

Of Aunt Sally's children in Dickerson street. 

Their love makes his bachelor life passing sweet- 

Thus have I the life of my hero reviewed 

To the day when he was, as historians say, 

The hero, in truth, of a notable day. 

The Morris Canal, that renowned waterway, 

From Dover to Rockaway then was complete. 

Friend Pragnall, boat-builder, has built the first boa^t. 

To be christened The Dover, a marvelous feat 

Of Jersey ship-building. To set it afloat 

Was a grand ceremony — a launching, in fact. 

A great celebration it was. From afar 

The people flocked in to behold this great act 

In the drama of Dover, and nothing could mar 

The joy of that day. Uncle Byram was staged 

For the proud role of Captain, to take full command 

Of the boat and the launching, and he had engaged 

To take this new craft, on her brave maiden trip, 

To Rockaway, then the far end of the ditch. 

I tell you ! Excitement was at a high pitch 

When The Dover of Dover set out at a clip 

That vied with an ox-team ! A red-letter day , 

For Dover it was ! Uncle Byram looked back 

All his days to that voyage. An admiral may , 

Be proud of his Flagship; but when the long slack 

Of the rope of The Dover of Dover grew taut. 

As the mule on the towpath stepped oflf — you just ought 

To have stood on the deck with the Captain to steer. 

While the Basin resounded with cheer upon cheer! 



283 
A RACE 

A race ! a race ! a race. I say ! 

The strangest race in many a day ! 

Not striplings in their 'teens who try 

To make quick time and show they're spry : 

No. something better, greater, this! 

A race no youngster ought to miss. 

Three old folks here in Dover town 

Once ran this race and won renown. 

One runner was an ancient dame. 

And Mistress Chrystal was her name. 

On Patrick Chrystal's farm, you know, 

Where Jordans lived not long ago. 

Another was good Eider Ford. 

James Ford, a man who loved the Lord. 

And Byram Pruden was the third — 

Of such a race who ever heard? 

They took their time and ambled on 

Till'ten and four-score years were gone. 

The race began to be exciting 

When ninety-five was reached and passed. 

Each wondered who would be the last. 

The Home-stretch now. at last, they're sighting. 

Who'll reach the goal, the century mark, 

Still cherishing the vital spark? 

Will Uncle Byram win? His span 

Of life is ninety-five and more. 

He's out ! Now Elder Ford's the man ! 

He may win yet ! Ah, no ! his score. 

That Man's allotted span defies. 

Is closed at ninety-eight: the prize 

Our Dover Atalanta wins. 

Undazzled by life's orbs of gold. 

As once the ancient tale was told, 

Her thread of life she slowly spins; 

She does not swerve, but pushes on 

And almost sees the century's dawn. 

She fails to reach the hundred line. 

But makes a score of ninety-nine! 



A DOVER CHRISTMAS— 1866 

As Narrated by Major Andrew Baker Byram 
Ting-a, ling-a, ling-a. ling! 
Hear the merry sleigh-bells ring! 
Father Byram's at the door. 
And this is Christmas Day, what's more! 



284 



"Get in, good wife, and children all! 

Come, take a ride and make a call ! 

We'll drive to Dover this fine day: 

Let's get the good of our new sleigh!" 

Well-wrapped and snug, away they glide 

Down Mine Hill's icy mountain side, 

Through Dover now they take their way, 

Up Lampson's Road; then stop and stay. 

"Jump out! Jump out!" says Father B. 

"Walk in ! Walk in, good wife, and see 

Your Christmas gift — this house is yours 

And here we stay henceforth, as sure's 

You find it furnished, fit and ready; 

So make yourself at home, my Steady !" 

His wife got out, the place to view; 

The eager children fairly flew 

From room to room — "New tables, chairs!" 

"New stoves! Fires lit!" — They climb the stairs. 

"Which room is mine?" — "And mine?" "And mine?" 

"I tell you what, this place is fine!" 

"Goodbye! Goodbye! Goodbye, Mine Hill! 

"Stay here we must! Stay here we will!" 

"This Christmas present suits us all !" 

"We've come to stay, not make a call !" 

"And here's the check that pays the bill — 

Six thousand! Stay we must and will!" 

FORD'S POND 

There once was a dear little pond, fair to see. 
In the "sixties" renowned as a "lake" — can it be? 
But now 'tis a rank bed of weeds, with a rill 
Of water that flows from the Chrystal street hill. 
Except when it rains ; a big mud puddle then 
You may find on this spot — till it dries up again. 
"Ford's Pond" is the name of this woe-begone spot 
In the good town of Dover — a pond it is not. 

Beside the stone wall that you see over there 
Once stood William Ford's famous shop, a place where 
Young Vulcans were trained to the blacksmithing trade; 
Here axes were ground and all edge tools displayed; 
Gunsmithing and turning were done on demand. 
And axes were made, of the very best brand. 
Further down was his house, near the tracks as now seen. 
With garden and pear-trees and plum-trees, I ween. 
How changed since that day when the anvil rang loud 
And the master mechanic of Dover, so proud. 
Labored here in his smithy from morning till night: 
His monument's yonder, off there to the right. 



38s 



How often, in winter, when Jack Frost had crowned 
The pond of those days with firm ice, here were found 
The boys and the girls, all so blithesome and gay, 
Now sliding, now gliding the swift hours away! 

Released from the schoolhouse there under the hill. 
They coasted and skated with hearty good will. 
Nor dreamed of the day when the pond should go dry 
And the shop pass away and the railroad come by ! 

But hold ! — when mosquitoes no longer decide 
Their eggs to its stagnating shoals to confide 
And keep all the neighbors awake, summer nights. 
With music that banishes slumbrous delights ; 
When the cold gathers keen and the winter grows grim 
We'll flood the old pond again, up to the brim. 
And merry young voices shall ring out so free 
And Challenge the ghosts of the past in their glee ! 



WILLIAM YOUNG 
A Ballad of Dover in 1847. 

When William Young to Dover came 

In eighteen- forty-seven 
It was a quiet rural scene — 

To him it seemed like heaven. 



He came upon a pleasure trip ; 

He looked the village over : 
"Twas love at sight — he pulled up stakes 

And came to live in Dover. 



A tiny house he found, quite cheap; 

He made a bake-shop there, 
And soon began to thrive ; in thrift 

His good wife did her share. 

She loved her good man ; for his sake 

She cheerfully forsook 
The city life, the ballrooms gay 

Of Brooklyn, and betook 
Her pilgrim footsteps to these wilds — 

Ford's Pond was o'er the way — 
The frogs in solemn chorus croaked 

Their wish that she might stay. 



286 



And so she did and minded well 

Her household and the shop ; 
And to her loving William she 

Failed not to be a prop. 

A rustic little village then 

Was here — a rolling mill, 
A furnace, factory, some stores, 
Boatyard, some land to till, 
With gardens fair and shaded streets 

Where now are marts of trade, 
While seven hundred souls in all, 

Their home in Dover made. 

There was no railroad in those days, 

But William prophesied 
That through the quiet village soon 

The noisy trains would glide. 

The neighbors laughed his words to scorn; 

He vowed that he was right ; 
And in a year or so 'twas plain — 

He had Scotch "second sight." 

Oh, what a day of days was that 

When on the new-laid track 
The cars came rumbling on their way 

And then went rumbling back ! 

The people came from miles away 

The strange new sight to see ; 
They ushered the New Era in 

With wonderment and glee. 

That was in '48 ; next came 

The gold year, '49 ! 
When Neighbor Kurd and "Sandy" Young 

Went west to find a mine. 

But William bided by his shop 
And baked his cakes and bread, 

And found more gold in Dover here 
Than "Sandy" — it is said. 

And William proved himself a man, 

A citizen of worth, 
A school trustee, a pillar he ; 

In brief — "salt of the earth." 



287 



Within his shop he made a place 

For books, the S. of T. 
Library found a haven here — 
Snug quarters, cosy, free. 

And so he fed the inner man 

W'ith bread and dainties sweet. 
While doctrines of the "S. of T." 

Gave strength to wavering feet. 

One night there was a snow-storm drear ; 

A stranger came that way 
And asked a shelter from the storm — 

The good wife said him nay. 

He was far-gone — no pleasing guest ; 

He staggered out, astray ! 
But William followed through the storm 

And brought him back to stay. 

He stayed a night, he stayed a week, 

From kindly host he learned 
The secret of a better life 

And to that light he turned. 

How can I tell the kindly deeds, 

The works of William Young? 
From morn to night hold forth I might. 

But book must succor tongue. 

So turn ye to the Chronicles 

Of Dover, where you'll find 
The story of this honest Scot — 

A lover of his kind ! 

TAVE. 
From Dickerson Street to the White House. 

Good Aunt Sally Pruden — no better could be — 

Lived on Dickerson street, long ago, where you see 

A shoe shop these days. The front window displays 

A name from the land of the talented Caesar, 

Whose works we still study in school ; would it please her- 

Aunt Sally, I mean — her front window to see 

Littered up with old shoes, where a first familie 

Of Dover upheld the old town's dignitie? 

Aunt Sally? — the story is long; I can't tell it 

Straight on — my pen stumbles ; Time's changes compel it 

To ramble afar from those staid, quiet days 



288 



When Aunt Sally "resided" on Dickerson street 

She saw the incoming of new-fangled ways — 

Canal boats; the railroad, the new church. Her feet 

Never knew these new fashions in French taper heels. 

Her good man was wheelwright ; he tired wagon wheels. 

His shop on the comer, now transmogrified, 

Once kept each old family coach in repair. 

Stage coaches, farm wagons he deftly supplied 

With spokes, hubs and tires — ^not the new rubber ware. 

To resume: that old house in the sketch I first gave: 

A picture I have of that old house when Tave 

Stood before it. His folks are there, too ; a big tree 

Overshadows the homestead. Why didn't they save . , 

That tree? But the folks are gone too. Now we see 

A shoe shop, show windows, shoes — nothing but shoes! 

And a name from the land of the Classical Muse! 

Ottavius — Tave, as they called him, the boy 

Aunt Sally raised here, was his mother's true joy. 

He went to the war — Major Pruden, ere long! 

(This tale is a history more than a song.) 

But Tave was so skilled with the pen he was shifted 

From gun-work to pen- work and shortly he drifted 

Right into the White House, in '72, 

And stayed there and stayed : Grant, Hayes — he stayed through 

Their terms and four more ; six presidents he 

Assisted as "Master of Ceremonie," , 

In ruling the White House. At banquets he knew 

Where notable guests should be seated, and few 

Ever wielded a pen with such masterly art : , ■ 

('Twas right here in Dover he got his first start!) 

Commissions and dinner cards, papers of state 

He engrossed and illumined in colors ; so great 

Was his much admired skill that his work could be found 

Shown "on exhibition" the whole wide world 'round. 

So much for the little old house, where one day 

A great man was seen, on a visit, they say 

Secretary of State of our nation, the guest 

Of Aunt Sally Pruden, of memory blest! 



280 



RAPID TRANSIT 
1 820- 1 920 

When Dover citizens of yore. 

Intent on making speed. 
Would make a rapid transit trip. 

They knew no iron steed. 

An ox-team was their motive power. 

Yoked to a loaded wain ; 
Fast-steppers could, ere supper time. 

Their goal in Newark gain. 

The axles may have creaked a bit, 
The "critters" may have lowed; 

But, on the whole, a quiet time 
They had upon the road. 

Perhaps they blew a horn and cried 
"Fresh clams !" as they returned ; 

They had "Clam Classes" in those days, 
As I've from old folks learned. 

But things have changed, we're faster now 

And noisier times are here; 
By day, by night we start in fright 

At shrieks that pierce the ear. 

Four thrilling blasts, five ripping blasts, 

At dead of night or dawn. 
Rouse us from sleep and slumbers deep 

With signal cries long-drawn. 

And rumbling trains go crashing by 

With thunderous jolt and jar ; 
With cars from Kansas, Frisco, freight 
For Buenos Aires far. 

Anon a high crescendo sharp 
Wakes echoes round the curve, 

And nearer, nearer shrills the blast 
While tingles every nerve. 

The 'Leven-twenty Flier comes — 

You know the time of day — 
And with a rush her wheels just brush 

The rails — and she's away ! 



290 



And now a yard-train puffs and snorts 

And shoots it jangling cars 
This >vay and that with noisy clat — 

Clat-clatter — sudden jars ! 

Till ghosts of those whose bones were laid 

To rest on Morris Street, 
Above Ford's Pond, awake and flee 

In horrified retreat. 

Such are our daily symphonies. 

Our modes of transit fleet; 
We have our moving pictures now 

And music halls elite. 

The airplane circles overhead, 

We ride in motor cars, 
A team of oxen can't be found, 

We hob-nob with the stars. 



THE TOWN CLERK, 1922 

The Town Clerk is a busy man — 
All day and eke at night 

He toils and moils to do the work 
That falls to him by right. 

Upon his shoulders men bestow 
Their multifarious cares; 

He lifts the load and with it all 
A dimpling smile he wears. 

Tall and erect, he strides along 
With quick and springy pace; 

Upon our streets and in parades 
He has a leading place. 

For he is of the Firemen, now 
Exempt by service long, 

And yet his youthful gait reveals 
A man alert and strong. 

And he is of the Elks, a clan 
That has a chapter here; 

A "mixer" with "the boys" is he, 
Abounding in good cheer. 



jgi 



When Louncil meets, 'tis then he shines ; 

He reads the minute book, 
And gallops through the last report 

More swift than babbling brook. 



He calls the business by the card, 
He takes notes with dispatch ; 

He keeps things moving, brisk and sure — 
In town is not his match. 



Ho^v to proceed, what to record, 
To keep a strict account 

Of bills and monies he is keen, 
Of large or small amount. 



When Bicentennial Days draw near, 

He hoes the longest row. 
And does his very level best 

To make all smoothly go. 



Chief Carhart finds in him a prop, 
A staff that never breaks; 

Committees march and countermarch- 
J. B. the minutes takes. 



"JOE RAKER" is the current name 
By which this Qerk is known ; 

His deeds I cannot all dcchre — 
These few hereby are shown. 



292 



THE FIREMEN 

The Firemen are the gallant lads 
Whose deeds deserve a song ; 

They've caught the Bicentennial tune 
And swung it right along. 

I shall not tell of their good work 
In fighting smoke and flame 

Nor how they love a timely lark — 
Their spirits are not tame. 

But when they tackle Old Home Week 

Or Bicentennial Years 
They surely show a level head 

Befitting engineers. 

They know the ropes, the ins and outs, 

Each pitfall and each snag, 
Nor do they dilly dally long 

Or vainly chew the rag. 

Right to the point they drive with clear 
Shrewd sense and mother wit. 

And shoulder loads that well might give 
Less sturdv men a fit. 



Concessions, street parades and shows 

Are playthings ; Hookies are 
At home in contests, prizes, fairs, 

Music or gay bazaar. 

Comrades in danger or in fun. 

They work to beat the band ; 
Protracted meetings are their forte 

When such things are on hand. 

They've asked our friends and neighbors 'round 

To help us celebrate 
A BICENTENNIAL for all— 

No lonely "Dover Date." 

The DOVER FIREMEN, gallant lads! 
They are the lads who got up steam 

They shine at fires or fetes : 

To publish DOVER DATES. 



393 



THE SONG OF DOVER 
1 722- 1 922 

My birthplace was an iron-forge 

Beside a flowing stream ; 

The murmuring pines and hemlocks stooc 

On either hand in deep amaze 

And could but stand and gaze and gaze 

And whisper, "Bodes it ill or good 

Or is it but a passing dream, 

This clanging iron-forge? 

The startled trout from shaded nook 
Came out to take a wondering look. 
Then darted back in deep dismay 
To hear the knell of that long day 
When Red Men roamed the forest here 
And fished the streams and stalked the deer, 
When wolf packs ranged the hill and glen, 
When bruin found himself a den 
Far up the stream, above the Falls, 
'Neath overhanging rocky walls. 

The Red Man came and saw the doom 
Of his slight weapons tipped with stone; 
Time, with his ever-shifting loom. 
Has changed the pattern — weak, outgrown. 
The pointed fiint, the axehead crude 
Must yield to better art; the change 
From Stone to Iron begins this hour; 
This forge points out the way to power. 

But hope of better days is bom 
Beside this stream, for Plenty's horn 
Shall overflow when plowshares bright 
Prepare new harvests and the might 
Of steam shall drive the iron horse 
On, thundering, with resistless force; 
When men shall speed from East to West 
And garner with untiring zest 
New fruits and riches from the lana 
W^here roamed the untaught Indian band. 

Dread wars shall rise, and shot and shell 
Drawn from these hills shall break the spell 
Of naked warriors and their arts 
Of dealing death by spear and bow. 
Science its wondrous power imparts. 
This forge shall deal a mightier blow 
For Freedom than has yet been dealt 
By scalping knife and tomahawk. 
The mind that can the iron ore smelt 



294 



Shall make new magic ; wires shall talk. 
Strange, humm.ing-birds shall circle high 
Above Mine Hill and onward fly; 
Munitions from these hills, and men 
Shall cross the wide Atlantic sea 
And do their part to uphold again 
The law of right and keep Man free. 

Great furnaces shall gleam at night 
There in the North. This forge shall rend 
The very hills that round it bend, 
From rocky depth shall bring to light 
The wealth long hid, far, far below 
These wooded heights. The forge's glow. 
Shall be the hall-mark of the town 
That here is born. Time, time shall show 
The path that leads to world renown. 

My birthplace was an iron- forge 
Beside a flowing stream, 

Where murmuring pines and hemlocks stood 
On either hand : who then could see 
What in two hundred years would be? 
May coming years bring greater good 
That still shall follow from the gleam 
Of that old iron-forge? 



295 



INDEX DOVER DATES 



Abolition, 36 

Account Book, 1821-30,260 

Academy, 33,36 

Adath Israel, 168 

Advance, The, 153 

Aetna Forge. 218 

Agriculture. 207 

Aldermen. 87 

Alpers, AL E. 102 

Analysis of Ores. 250 

Andros. Edmund. 12, 1? 

Armory, IS 2 

Atlas Powder Co.. 227 

Awakening. Great 25 

Baker, Jos. V., 290-1 

Baker Homestead, 26 

Baker & Ludlow, 28 

Baker, Wm. Hedges, 195 

Bank. National Union. 147 

Baptist Church, 165 

Barclay, Rob't, 13 

Barstow Management Co., SO, "13 

Basse, Jeremiah, 16, 20 

Battery D., 191 

Beach, Electa, 53 

Beach Glen Mine, 244 

Belcher, Jonathan, 18 

Beman, David. 53 

Beman's Forge. 26, 43.45,48 

Beemer, Alpheus, 45 

Berkshire Valley, 

Birch Wm. F., 233 

Blackwell & McFarlan. 31 

Boiler Works. 233 

Bowlby. R. S. 140 

Boys' Brigade. 184 

Breese, Carrie A. 62, Harriet 

Brook. Granny's. 66 

Brotherhood Overalls. 202 

Brotherton. Henry. 24. 2t; 

Brotherlon, Richard, 48. 49 

Brotrerton. James W.. 24, 26. 4 

Buck, Heter C. 122-127 

Burlington, 23 

Burnet. Martha A.. 129 

Burnet, Wm. 17 

Butterworth. Joshua H.. 35 

Byram, Uncle, 281 

Byram Ethelbert, 88 

Canal. 254 
Candle Tree. 211 
Campbell. Neill, 15 
Canfield, FrerVk A.. 35, 45. 46 
Canfleld & Losey. 27, 31, 43 
Capitals of East Jersey, 23 
Carhart. George B. 94. 95 
Carteret, Philip. 11. 12. 13 
Cemeteries, 175 
Centennial Collection.^, 134 
Central R. R .'W. J.t^ 
Chambers. Rev. T. F.. 172 
Chapel. Crv.stal .St.. 1C6 
Charcoal, 244 
Charter of Dover, 37 
Christmas, A. Dover, 283 
Churches. 160. 167 
Circuit preachers. 31 
Civil 'War, 37 
Clam Classes. 278. 2«;9 
Clergymen (See churches) 



Commerce. 30 

Company M., 181 

Concentrating OreB, 247 

Consolidated Mines, 246 

Constables, 89 

Constitution .State, 35 

Cook, John K.. 2oU 

Cornbury. 17 

Counties. 14 

Court. District, 90, Police. 89 

Crane Hill. 62 

Crane, Uzal Newton, 62. 63, 180 

Commissions, Sewerage, 86 

Commissions, Shade Tree. 85 

Commissions, Sinking Fund. 85 

Committees. Standing. S3 

Community. Elements of, 29 

Cook Range, Perfect, 2M 

Counterman, Chas. U., 88 

Crystal Ice Co.. 218 

Denmark. Lake, 229 

Dickerson, Jonathan. 28. 33 

Dickerson, Mahlon, 46 

Dickerson Wine, 21, 28. 65 

Downs-Slater Iron Foundry. 238 

Dover Boiler Works, 233 

Dover Iron Co., 37 

Dover, 21, 25 

Dover Telephone Co.. 216 

Dover of Dover, 34, 282 

Dover, founded, 21. Town, 45 

Dover. The Song of, 293; A. Song. 70 

Drying Ores, 248 

Dutch Rule, 10 

Dynamite.. 218. 220. 228 

Education. Board of. 86. 141. 142. 134 

Elizabeth Town. 11. 16, IS. 23 

Elks' Prize Essay, 143 

Explosives. 218 

Embargo. 30 

Employees, (see Industrials) 

Enterprise. The Dover, 151 

Environment of Dover. 46 

Exports, (see Industrials) 

Era. Iron. 62. 151 

Faesch, J. J.. 218, 240 

Faesch. Richard, 27, 240 

Ferromont, 46 

Fires in Dover, 91 

Firemen, Exempt. 91 

Firemen. Department. 91, 292 

Fitz Randolph. Hartshorn. 25. 45, 48 

Flav, What it Means. 143 

Flartey. Geo. R.. 189 

Ford. Col. Jacob, 218 

Ford's Pond, 71, 284; Forcite, 227 

Ford, Wm., 33. 254 

Forge. Jackson's, 18. 274. 2D3 

Fourth of July. 32. 262 

Foundry (Downs-Slater. 23S 

Franklin. Gov. Wm.. 18 

Freeman. Minerva. IIG. 118, 120 

Freight Service. 251. 2.'2 

French. Mrs. Mabel. 106 

Friends. 4G 

Frog it Switch Shop, 239 

Gardner, Wm.. 89 

Gas & Electric Co., 

George I.. 17 

George II.. 17 

George III., 27 

Gibson. John S. 62 



296 



Gill, Harry R., 161 

Girl Scouts, 205 

Governors, Colonial, 17 

Grand Army of Republic, 37, 179 

Great grandmother^ poem, 277 

Guard, The Dover, 186 

Guards, Home, 189 

Guenther, Paul, 203 

Halloway, Rev. W. W., 62, I08, 160 

Hamilton, Gov., 16 

Hanover Township, 46 

Hatfield, Kdwin, 23 

Health, Board of. 85, 100 

Hebrew Society, 176 

Hercules Club. 222 

Hercules Powder Co., 218 

Historical Poems, 274, 294 

Hosking, Wm. H., Mayor, 83 

Hospital, Auxiliary. 110 

Hospital, General, 108 

Hulsart, J. H.. 137-9 

Hummel, Wm. G., 8; Francis F., 151 

Hunter, Rob't, 19 

Hunterdon Co., 18. 19, 45 

Hurd, Charlotte S.. 127 

Hurd, John W., 86 

Hurd, Josiab. 43 

Hurd Park. C5. 122 

Hurdtown, Scenes, 19 

Hygiene, Child, 106 

Illumination. 211 

Indians, 19, 44 

Index. The, 151 

Industrial 

Iron Era, 62, 151 

Iron Trade Review, 232, 250 

Iron Works, 230 

Jacobites, 16 

Jackson, Aunt Abigail, 62 

Jackson. Benjamin, 53 

Jackson. John. IT, 21, 22, 45, 48, 274 

Jackson, Joseph, 27 

Jackson, Stephen, 27 

James II, 15 

Jerseyman, The, Preface 

Johnson, Thomas F., 66 

Justices of Peace, 89 

Kattermann, Emil G., 201, 141 

Kenstler's Band, 215, 137 

Kenvll Plant, 218 

King, Rev. B.. 31, 19 

Klrkbride, Jos., 21 

Labor, (See Industrials) 

Laboratory, Board of Health, 102 

Lackawanna R. R., 257 

Latham, Jos., 20, 21 

Laundry, Cook's, 205 

Lawrie, Gawen, 14, 15 

League, Home Defense, 188 

Lefevre, artist, 78 

Legion, American. 194 

Lenni Lenape, 19 

Library, Free Public, 85, 129, 133 

Livingston, Gov. Wm., 23 

Loan Exhibition of 1879, 266 

Log Cabins, 278 

Long Island, 22 

Louisiana Purchase, 36 

Lynd, W. L. R.. 87, 141 

Location of Dover, 43-6 

MacFall. Arllng M., 204 

Magie, Miss, 78 

Magie, Rev. B. C, 35 

Mail. The Dover, 151 

Manual of Dover, 83 



Marquard, O. A.. 216 

.dlayors of Dover, 87 

Maxim, Hudson, 68 

McFarlan, Henry, Sr., 33, 34, 10$ 

McKiernan-Terry Drill Co., 235 

Meeting House, Friends', 46 

Meeting of Waters, 33 

Mendham, 27, 43 

Methodist Church. First, 35, 16I 

Grace, 161; Free, 167 

Methodist Church at Mlllbrook, 6* 

Metropolitan Life Ins., 104 

Meyer, Ruth, 143 

Mexican War, 36 

Millen, Ellas, 66 

Middle Forge, 217 

Military Organiations, 176 

Mill Brook, 21, 58, 59 

Mine Hill. 21, 24, 67, 169, 170 

Mines Consolidated, 245 

Morris & Essex R, R., 36, 254 

Morris Canal, 32, 34, 254 

Morris Co. Journal, 152, 181 

Morris Co. Traction Co., 259 

Morris County, 45 

Morris, Lewis, 17. 23 

Mott, Theo. F., 21, 58 

Mt. Freedom, 70 

Mt. Pleasant, 28 

Mt. Sinai Cem. Association, its 

Mulligan. C. R^ 231 

Mulligan, John, 231 

Municipal Board. 83 

Music, lining out, 53 

Map, Dover on, 38 

Map of Dover, 44 

Name, Dover, 25 

Names, Old Family. 22, 261 

Nau right, J. E. D., 136 

Naval Ammunition Depot., 229 

Neighbour, James H., 154 

Newark, 11 

New Jersey, East and West, 12 

N. J. Gas & Electric Co., 212 

N. J. Power & Light Co.. 213 

Newspapers of Dover, 151 

New York, Greater, 79 

Nicholson, Francis, 15 

Nitro Glycerine, 219 

North Jersey Steel Co., 242 

Nonbessemer Ore, 251 

Nos Ipsae Club, 108 

Octagon Club. 129 

Odes. Three, 263 

Old Tye, 2u 

Ores, North Jersey, 243, 246 

Ovens, 2S0 

Odds and Ends, 260 

Officers, (See name of Organization> 

Officers, 84 

Pageant of 1920, 267 

Parliament, Act of 1750, 24 

Patronesses, pageant, 268 

Penn, Wm., 12, 13, 21, 48, 49 

Penniman, R. S., 221 

Pennsylvania, 80 

Pequannock, 43, 45 

Peters. H. S., 202 

Petition to Congress, 31 

Perth Amboy, 14, 23 

Perth, Earl of, 14 

Phosphorus Ore. 249 

Picatinny, 24, 222. 224 

Pile Hammer, 236 

Pie Pan, 279 



297 



Poetry. 67, 216. 274 

Police Court, 8» 

Police Force, 88 

Population of Dover. 34, 3« 

Porch. From My, 73 

Port Oram S. & U Club. 73, 7* 

Postal Service. 20 

Postmasters. 128, 127 

Post office. 31, 127 

Powder. 220 

Presbyterian, 16, 160 

Presbyterian Church, 34, 51, 160 

Primer, The Dover, 38 

Princeton College, 18 

Proprietors, 11-17 

Pruden, Aunt Sally, 282 

Pruden, Byram, 31, 34 

Pruden, Octavius, 287 

Pruden, Zenas, 33, 282 

Putting Dover on Map, 38 

Quakers, 48 

Quaker Church, 26 

Quaker Proprietors. 12, 13 

Queen Anne, 16 

Quit-rents, 17 

Race. A., 283 

Ramble, Dover to Mine Hill. U 

Randolph Township, 45, 46 

Rapid Transit. 289 

Reading, John, 18 

Real Estate, 154 

Red Cross, 111 

Reminiscences. 135, 316 

Replogle, J. Leonard, 240, a4i 

Replogle Steel Co., 2+0 

Returns, 21 

Richard Mine, 240 

Richardson & Boynton, Z)i, IBJ, >fto, 

Richter, 219 

Riederer. E. J., 223 

Roads. Two Old, 45 

Robertson. W. J., 186 

Roche, H. M., 242. 345 

Rockaway, 61, 53 

Roff, H. Miller, 184 

Roff, J. Wesley. 184 

Rogers. Pearce, Rev., 170 

Russell Sage Foundation, 79 

Sacred Heart, Church of, 168 

Salvation Army, 168 

Saugerties, N. T.. 231 

Schooley'8 Forge, 45 

Schooley. Wm., 21 

Schooley, Robert, 4 5 

Schools, 33, 134, 135, 140 

Schwarz. Harry L... 155 

Schrader, John C, 219 

Sea Power, 30 

Segur, Thos. B.. 34 

Searing Alonzo B., 54, 179, 18U 

Searing, Isaac W., 91, 132 

Sewerage Commission, 86 

Shotwell, Jos., 24, 26, Jf^A 

Shrewsbury, 24 

Sickles. Wm. W., 92 

Silk, 201, 203 

Singer, W. V.. 140. 141 

Slavery. Abolition, 36 

Smokeless Powder. 221 

Snake Story, 279 

Sons of Temperance, 85 

Soldiers, Names of (See name of 

ganlzation). 

Soldiers, Monument. 125 

Spanish-American War, 181 



St. John's Episcopal Church, 36, 162 
Bt. Mary's Church, 162 
Stone Academy, 33, 164 
Stores, 33 

Slurtevant, Thos. E., 237 
Sussex Overall Factory. 204 
SuDday Schools. 19, 34. 63 
Super-power Trunk L,lne. 80 
Swiss Knitting Co.. 201 
Swedish Churches, 166-7 
Taylor, John Q.. 102, 118 
Tave, 287 

Teachers of Dover, 135-6 
Telephone Co., 216 
Temperance, 35, 36 
Terry Core Drill Co.. 236 
Tlconderoga. 25 
Thomas Iron Co.. 246 
Thurber. L. W.. 136. 134 
Town CUrk, 290 
Tonklng, Wm. H., 106 
Township. 46 
Traffic Interchange, 258 
Transi>ortation, 252, 260 
Trenton. 19, 20, 23 
Trust Compaoy. 149 
Tuttle. David, 21 
Tuttle, Joa. F.. 25. 26, H 
Turnpikes, 31 
Ulster IroB Works, 2M 
Van Gelder, A. P., 228 
Voorhees, Gov. F. W.. 18S 
Washington, George, if 
Water Dept.. 86, 97 
Wharton, 73, 76 

Wharton & Northern R. R., 841 
Wharton Steel Co., 140 
aei White House, 288 

Whitham, Mayor, 18T 

William of Orange, 16 

Winds, Gen. Wm.. 26. 26. 87, 5S 

Woman's Club, Rhyme ot, IBO 

First Decade, 118 

World War. 225 

York. Duke of, 11, 12. II, IB 

Young, Edward M,. IJT 

Toung, Wm., 36, 286 



Or. 



2(^ 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS TO DOVER DATES 



Mrs. A. Ackerm&n 
Mrs. Edward U. Alpera 
Mrs. Andrew Anderson 

Arthur Anderson 

C. O. Anderson 
Harry W. Anderson 

Mrs. R. M. Ambrose 

Chas. "W. Apgrar 

Archie the Auto Trimmer 

Harry A. Armltase 

Clinton Ayers 

Henry Baker 

Joseph V. Baker 

Thomas Baker 

Clifford A. Barabe 

Carl H. Barlow 

Wm. J. Bassett 

Mrs. Clara Bau^han 

Fred W. Batten 

C. H. Benedict 

Mrs. Jane Bennett 

J. Thee. Benson 

Bilkley & Niper 

W. H. Bidgood 

Rev. J. Fred Bindenberger 

Birch & Bassett 

Hon. Wm. F. Birch 

Morris Blackwell 

Mrs. E. A. Blundell 
Mrs. Emmett Bopp 

Mrs. Robert F. Bopp 

Roswell S. Bowlby 

W. O. Brown 

Mrs. Harry Boyd 

Robert Buchanan 

Mrs. S. A. Broadwell 

George R. Buck 

Miss Kathryn Buck 

Mrs. M. T. Burd 
Edwin C. Burr 

Mrs. Robert B. Bryant 

Rev. Tho's. J. Gallery 

Francis J. Camel 

Carey & Bryant 

J. R. Carey 

Albert E. Carlson 

Joseph A. Carlson 

George B. Carhart 

Mrs. C. W. Carllng 

Floyd Castner 

Miss M. Y. Chambre 

Edwin Chace 

Lieut. Samuel Chiles 

A. Judson Coe 

Gus Coe 

Oron P. Cole 

Fred. ^V. Collard 

Conlan Auto Supply Co 

Irving Cook 

J. K. Cook 

Clyde W. Cook 

Harry C. Cook 

John W. Cook 

Joseph D. Cook 

Mrs. Richard Conlan 

Charles S. Cooper 

.Tohn Corey 

Dr. W. F. Costello 

Mrs. Elizabeth Cottrell 

Charles U. Counterman 

Mrs. S. K. Curtis 

J. C. Dalrymple 



Sskll Danielaon 
Frank Davenport 
W. S. Davis 
Howard S. Deck 
John M. Dehler 
Daniel M. Dehler 

E. Y. Deplez 
Nicholas Depola 
Ralph De Santis 
Frank P. Diehl 
Royal B. Diehl 

Mrs. L. K. Diffenderfei 

Charity Doland 

Joseph Donahue 

Dover Advance 

Dover Free Public Library 

Dover Home Supply Co. 

Dover Index 

Dover Vulcanizing Works 

John W. Downs 

F. J. L. Doyle 
A. F. Ekedahl 
Leonard Elliott 
Newton Ely 
Charles G. Endahl 

D. Walter Fegely 
Joseph Ferraro 
Mrs. Nelson Ferrle 

E. B. Fichter 
Fred Fichter 

Miss Bertha Fitzherbert 

George R. Flartej- 

Irene E. Ford 

John B. Flartey 

Mrs. A. F. Fralich 

S. H. Francis 

Mrs. Charles R. Franklin 

Miss Minerva Freeman 

Jacobs & Freedman Bros. 

John Freiae 

Mrs. Meyer Friedman 

C. B. French 

Dr. L. R. Fritts 

Benj. Furstman 

Rev. R. Hilliard Gage, D. D. 

John T. Gallagher 

Wm. Gardner 

Frank B. Gibbons 

S. J. Gibson 

Charles A. Gillen 

Whitfield B. Gillen 

Thos. Gilllgan 

B. Goldblatt 

Frank Goldstein 

W^. E. Goldworthy 

A. H. Goodale 

James Grande 

John H. Grimm 

Halrhouse & Burchell 

Harry B. Hagan 

Anna J. Hairhouse 

Harold L. Hall 

Mrs. Harry Hall 

Mrs. Frank W. Hamilton 

Clarence Hance 

Misi=i Isabel Hance 

John Hance 

Manchus H. Hann 

W. H. Hansen 

Chprles Harris 

I. K. Harris 

W. Harris & Sons 



299 



James J. Hart 
Edward Hartman 
Wm. E. Harfrman 
David VV. Heinian 

Chas. F. Hellender 

Gustav f. Heller 

Alax Heller 

George A. Henderson 

Mrs. Marv Hennessey 

r. H. Hoasland 

Mrs. \iolet Hoagland 

Clyde Hoffman 

K. O. Hopkins 

Edgar L. Hopler 

W'm. H. Hosking 

I'ercy M. Hough 

Mrs. Jfeftrey K. Hoskinf 

Mrs. 1. L. House 

Kev. Walter E. Howe 

John T. Howell 

Harold Hoyd 

Airs. C. D. Hull 

iJr. J. Howard Hulsart 

Mrs. Charlotte S. Hurd 

Simon C. Hume 
James L,. Hurd 
Michael lanniello 
George E. Jenkins 
C. S. Jensen 
Edward S. Jensen 
Martin L. Jensen 
William K. Jensen 
Howard C. Johnson 
Thomas F. Johnson 
Dr. S. B. Johnston 
Mrs. E. H. Jones 
Stewart Kahler 
1). M. Kanouse 
Emil G. Katterman 
Clarence Keene 
Edward Kelly 
J. F. Kennedy 
Charles W. King 
J. B.King 

Gwendolyn Kunkelman 
E. V,'. Larsen 
Augustus "VV. Larson 
A. LiRsky 

P'rederick Leighton 
James Lillie 
Charles Linberg 
Rev. N. o. Lind 
C. F. Losev 
VV. L. K. Lynd 
James V. I^ughlin 
E. K. Macauley 
\rling M. MacFall 
Julia Maguire 
)tto A. Marquard 
^ev. P. A. Maher 
lohn T. Mnhor 
^amuel Male 
2. Mann 
:iarry P. Mann 
^arry N. Mav 
)r. H. G. McElrov 
'harles E. Mill 
Jeorge H. Mitchell, Jr. 
-.ouis Meuser 
J. Meyer 

'Irs. F. s. McDonnell 
Vm. A. McCarthy 
larry J. McCracken 



McKlernan-Terry Drill Worka 

Kev. Peter McMUlan, D. D 

H. D. Moller 

John Moller 

Stanley B. Moore 

Alphonse Monaco 

Fred Morse 

Ernest Li. Mortimore 

Michael F. Mullen 

John Mulligan 

Dr. H. R. ilutchler 

Daniel E. Nee 

Mrs. Grace C. Neighbour 

Elof Nelson 

C. A. Nelson 

J. L. Nerney 

Charles Niper 

Albert Nohra 

Mrs. Paul Norman 

T. H. Northey 

Mrs. G. A. Nylander 

Mrs. A. Palmer 

Arthur T. Paquette 

Obadiah S. Parker 

"•Vm. J. Parker 

Mrs. M. O. Parliament 

George Payne 

Marmaduke Peckitt 

Howard Pedrick 

George Peer 

Miss E. J. Pellett 

Myrtle Pemberthy 

"^Vm. H. Pierson 

Carl Peterson 

Helen G. Phillips 

Wm. C. Phillips 

Mrs. Wm. Pollard 

Addle Poole 

John Price 

Alfred Rainbow 

Robert N. Rassler 

Mrs. Robert Richards 

Rieger Bros. 

Charles H. Ripley 

Raymond Roberts 

H. M. Roche 

E. T. Rodda 

Fred H. Roff 

H. Miller Roff 

Irving Rommel 

Miss Mary F. Rose 

Joseph P. Roth 

E. F. Rudine 

Andrew M. Ryan 

Regina Schoenbrun 

Harry L. Schwarz 

Joseph F. Scott 

Edward M. Searing 

Miss Olive Searing 

Miss Ett.T C. Searing 

Wilbur B. Searing 

Albert Sedpman 

Otto Sektberg 

Hulet Seybolt 

W. F. Seybolt 

A. Shapiro 

Mrs. Wm. Sharp 

Miss Isabel Shaughnesav 

Charles J. Sherm 

Augustus J. Shuman 

Mrs. Robt. S. Slack 

Walter Sinter 

Wm. A. Smith 

Lyman M. Smith 



300 



James C. Soden 

Dr. Alvan Spencer 

Clarence Spencer 

Inez Spencer 

Mrs. George Sprotte 

Carl SundQuist 

Sundstrom Electric Co. 

Bruno G. Stark 

George F. Steffany 

Albert Steffen 

Thos. B. Sturtevant 

Mrs. Caroline Stafford 

Frank Sylvester 

John G. Taylor 

Thos. F. Teebo 

Ernest Tirella 

Mrs. Henry B. Tonking 

Mrs. W. H. Tonking 

Mrs. Fred'k H. Treganowan 

Mrs. Roland S. True 

S. L.. Trusdell 

Peter Vanderwolf 

Russell Vanderhoof 

A. B. Van Syckel 
J. B. D. Vreeland 
J. J. Vreeland 
Dr. O. M. Walker 
li) chard P. Ward 
Mrs. Frances J. Watly 
Mrs. Henry Wells 
Charles W. White 
Edward Wolfe 
Sidney Wolfert 
Raymond F. Woodhull 

B. S. Woodman 
Miss Ella Wright 
Theo. L.. Toungr 

Toungelson's Department Store 
Millbrook — 

Mrs. Annie M. Sharp 

Succasunna — 

Mrs. Eliza. A. Stoddard 



Wharton — 
Dr. H. W. Kice 
Pearce Rogers 
Mine Hill — 
Wm. L. Curnow 
Rev. G. M. Hunter 
Rockaway — 
Sidney Collins 
Charles L. Curtis 
Frank E. Porter 
Morrlstown — 
Mrs. L. M. Christensen 
Ethelbert Byram 
Eugene A. Carroll 
Fred A. Cobbett 
J. R. Howard 
Geo. W. Mellck 
£. Bertram Mott 
Aldus Pierson 
Dr. Wra. G. Sharp 
Dr. Rob't C. Vreeland 
Prof. Edward M. Young 
^ast Orange — 
Theo. F. Mott 
<ohn A. Spargo 
(ersey City — 
Elizabeth W. Elliott 
)ohn S. UcMaster 
Trenton — 
N. J. State Library 
Brooklyn — 
Mrs. G. Surnburger 
Hokendauqua, Pa. — 
J. E. Rotthaus 
Hartford, Conn — 
Connecticut State Library 
( Ayer, Mass — 
Capt. C B. Searing 
Mendham, N. J. — 
Mrs. Arthur Whitney 
Michigan 

a. M. T-nnp-don 



DOVER DATES— ERRATA 

Page 5 Alonzo B. Searing 

P. 7. Warren Surnburger did not write the article credited to liini. 

P. 15. line 17. Read "It is not strange," says Bancroft, etc. 

P. 1(1. line 13. Read "in the New World." 

!'. 20. 1739. Read "Friends' Meeting House" — 

P. 27. Continue last line by adding "logical reports." (Geological.) 

P. 28. Post Office, as a noun, is printed as two words. 

P. 43. Last line is upside down. 

P. 60. 7th line from bottom should read 

"Whose buzz we heard in days of yore." 
P. 66. line 9. Read "griddle" for "briddle." 
P. 67. These articles were first published in local i)apers, hence allusion 

to "column." 
P. 68. 7th line from bottom should read — "the Latin, the Ciernian," etc. 
P. 70. A Song of Dover, second stanza, 7th line, sliould read 

"And cherish, though we far may roam," 
P. 74. line 7^. Last word is "roast." 
P. 169. The printer was twice directed to print a notice of The C'lnuch 

of the Sacred Heart, but failed to do so. 
P. 292. at bottom. Last stanza sln)uld be printed thus — 
The Dover Firemen, gallant lads! 

They shine at fires and fetes ; 
They are the lads who got up steam 
To publish Dover Dates. 
P. 300. Read Fred B. Cobbett, not Fred A. *- 



30I 

POOKS BY CHARLES D. PLATT 
BALLADS OF NEW JERSEY IN THE REVOLUTION. 

Cloth. $1.50. 

Illustrates the life of the people of Morris County, N. J., 
and the spirit that animated them in 1776- 1783. 

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the charming way in which so many of these incidents are 
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POCAHONTAS AND THE DAWN OF OUR NATION. 

Pamphlet. 50 cents. 
Dramatized lyric version based on the original narratives of 

the founding of Jamestown. 1607- 161 9. 

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DOVER HISTORY. Cloth. $2.00. 

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Old Families. Social Life. Neighboring Villages. 

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43 illustrations. Maps of 1825, 1832, 1853. 

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Early Chronology of New Jersey and Dover. 
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Municipal and Civic Institutions of To-day. Education. 
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Transportation. Dover Real Estate to Date. 
Local Historical Poems. 



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